Abstract: The present invention is an organic EL device in which an anode, a hole injection layer, a first carrier transportation layer, a first luminescent layer, a second carrier transportation layer, a second luminescent layer, an electron transportation layer, and a cathode are formed on a glass substrate in order, wherein layers with a smaller electron affinity Ea and a larger energy gap Eg than those of the first and second luminescent layers are employed for the first and second carrier transportation layers, so as to enhance the emission efficiency of the first and second luminescent layers.

Abstract: An organic EL element comprising an organic thin film layer containing a light-emitting layer between an positive electrode and a negative electrode, in which a layer in the organic thin film layer comprises 1,3,6,8-tetraphenylpyrene compound expressed by the following structural formula (1), and a carbazole derivative expressed by the following structural formula (2), in the structural formula (1), R1–R4 may be identical or different, and may be a hydrogen atom or a substituent group,

Abstract: An organic EL device includes a transparent substrate (31), an anode (32), a hole injection layer (33), a hole transport layer (34), an luminescent layer (35), an electron transport multilayered body (36), a cathode-side electron transport layer (37), and a cathode (38) formed on the substrate (31) in that order. The electron transport multilayered body (36) includes alternate layered two kinds of electron transport layers (36A, 36B) having electron affinities that are different from each other. Increasing the amount of electron current injected from the cathode (38) for balancing with the amount of hole current, and enhancing luminous efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to highly reliable organic EL elements that can provide higher luminance with lower voltage and exhibit lower leak current at negative biases and appropriate diode properties. The organic EL element comprises a positive hole injecting layer, and a perfluoropolyether compound is incorporated into the positive hole injecting layer. Preferably, the perfluoropolyether compound is expressed by formula (1) or (2), R1—Rf—R2??formula (1) Rf—R3??formula (2) in which, R1, R2, and R3 represents one of a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, and a substituted group; Rf represents the perfluoropolyether skeleton expressed by the formula (3), in which, R4 and R5 represent general formula —CpF2p+1; n, m, x, and y are each an integer.

Abstract: An organic EL device includes a transparent substrate (31), an anode (32), a hole injection layer (33), a hole transport layer (34), an luminescent layer (35), an electron transport multilayered body (36), a cathode-side electron transport layer (37), and a cathode (38) formed on the substrate (31) in that order. The electron transport multilayered body (36) includes alternate layered two kinds of electron transport layers (36A, 36B) having electron affinities that are different from each other. Increasing the amount of electron current injected from the cathode (38) for balancing with the amount of hole current, and enhancing luminous efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention is an organic EL device in which an anode, a hole injection layer, a first carrier transportation layer, a first luminescent layer, a second carrier transportation layer, a second luminescent layer, an electron transportation layer, and a cathode are formed on a glass substrate in order, wherein layers with a smaller electron affinity Ea and a larger energy gap Eg than those of the first and second luminescent layers are employed for the first and second carrier transportation layers, so as to enhance the emission efficiency of the first and second luminescent layers.

Abstract: In an organic EL device disclosed, there are stacked sequentially on a glass substrate an anode, a first carrier transportation layer, a second carrier transportation layer, a light emission layer, a third carrier transportation layer, a fourth carrier transportation layer, an electron transportation layer, and a cathode. The first carrier transportation layer is formed from a material having an ionization potential Ip lower than the ionization potential Ip of the second carrier transportation layer, and the third carrier transportation layer is formed from a material having an electron affinity Ea less than the electron affinity Ea of the fourth carrier transportation layer.

Abstract: An organic EL element comprising an organic thin film layer containing a light-emitting layer between an positive electrode and a negative electrode, in which a layer in the organic thin film layer comprises 1,3,6,8-tetraphenylpyrene compound expressed by the following structural formula (1), and a carbazole derivative expressed by the following structural formula (2), 1

Abstract: The present invention has an exemplified object to provide a recording device and method each having a good mechanical property, such as an endurance, enough to realize a high-speed and high-quality recording. In the recording device, an absorptive part is formed by a surface treatment of a feed belt. In the triboelectric series, a difference in charged amount between the absorptive part and a printing paper is made large, and an electric reaction between an ink drop and the printing paper is prevented.

Abstract: A cleanerless image forming apparatus and a cleanerless image forming method facilitate the collection of residual toners after image transfer. The image forming apparatus includes a rotary endless latent carrier, a rotary charging brush for charging the rotary endless latent carrier, and a unit for forming an electrostatic latent image on the rotary endless latent carrier. The electrostatic latent image is developed on the rotary endless latent carrier by supplying polymerization toners simultaneously with the cleaning of residual polymerization toners therefrom. The polymerization toners on the rotary endless latent carrier are then transferred to a sheet.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an ink jet head includes the following steps, wherein the ink jet head is provided with a plurality of pressure chambers arranged continuously, ink feed means for feeding ink into these pressure chambers, and ink ejecting means for ejecting ink from each pressure chamber via a nozzle, so as to feed and eject ink by a change in volume of each pressure chamber. First, a first metallic film is formed on both surfaces of at least one wall composing the pressure chamber perpendicular to an arranging direction of the plurality of pressure chambers, wherein the at least one wall is one wall of a piezoelectric element deformed when a voltage is impressed. Then, the first metallic film formed on one of the both surfaces of at lest one wall is removed to form an exposed surface of the wall of the piezoelectric element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to relates to a hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide used as the surface protecting layer of the photosensitive member for electrohotographic apparatus. In view of not allowing generation of blurring of photosensitive member under the high humidity atmosphere, the content (x) of carbon in the hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide expressed by the general formula a-Si.sub.1-x C.sub.x :H is in the range of 0.4.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.8 and a ratio (TO/TA) of the peak (TO) amplitude appearing in the vicinity of 480 cm.sup.-1 and the peak (TA) amplitude appearing in the vicinity of 150 cm.sup.-1 observed by the laser Raman spectroscopy measurement using the excitation laser of Ar.sup.+ 488 nm is set to 2.0 or higher.

Abstract: The present invention relates to relates to a hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide used as the surface protecting layer of the photosensitive member for electrohotographic apparatus. In view of not allowing generation of blurring of photosensitive member under the high humidity atmosphere, the content (x) of carbon in the hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide expressed by the general formula a-Si.sub.1-x C.sub.x :H is in the range of 0.4.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.8 and a ratio (TO/TA) of the peak (TO) amlitude appearing in the vicinity of 480 cm.sup.-1 and the peak (TA) amplitude appearing in the vicinity of 150 cm.sup.-1 observed by the laser Raman spectroscopy measurement using the excitation laser of Ar.sup.+ 488 is set to 2.0 or higher.

Abstract: A method for forming a dense, carrier blocking, thin protective film of a hydrogenated amorphous material containing an ingredient to reduce surface wetting on an a-Si:H photosensitive member. The method includes forming the protective film by generating a plasma of a starting gas suitable for forming the hydrogenated amorphous material within a deposition space where the photosensitive member is positioned under vapor deposition conditions. Hydrogen radicals are generated by decomposing hydrogen gas. The quantity of dangling bonds at the surface of the amorphous material film is reduced to thereby increase the density of the film by introducing a sufficient amount of the hydrogen radicals into the deposition space in the proximity of the photosensitive member to cover the surface of the amorphous material film as it forms.

Abstract: Surfaces of fine polystyrene (PS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) powders were modified by exposure to the downstream products of a nitrogen or oxygen microwave plasma. The effects of nitrogen and indium incorporation in the powder surface were studied with emphasis on variations in the triboelectric properties of the powder. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was utilized to determine the changes in surface elemental composition. After nitrogen plasma treatment, the C 1s peak profiles suggested the formation of amines in the case of PS, and the formation of imines and amides in the case of PMMA. Oxygen plasma treatment suggested the formation of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups on the surfaces of both PS and PMMA. After treatment with a nitrogen or oxygen plasma, the charge-to-mass ratio (Q/M) of PS and PMMA powders in contact with carrier particles was measured using the cage blowoff method. The surface charge density (Q/A) was calculated from Q/M.

Abstract: Disclosed is a slim printing apparatus which employs a latent image forming method, such as electrophotographing method, and needs an apparatus-occupying area. This printing apparatus comprises a hopper for retaining sheets; a feeding path defined on that surface of the apparatus which is opposite to that surface of the apparatus where the hopper is disposed for conveyance of sheets; a feeding mechanism for feeding a sheet from the hopper onto the feeding path; an endless rotary latent image carrier provided between the hopper and the feeding path; an image forming unit, provided between the hopper and the feeding path, for forming a toner image on the latent image carrier; a transfer unit for transferring the toner image on the latent image carrier onto the sheet conveyed along the feeding path; and a fixing unit for fixing the toner image on the sheet.

Abstract: Surfaces of fine polystyrene (PS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) powders were modified by exposure to the downstream products of a nitrogen or oxygen microwave plasma. The effects of nitrogen and indium incorporation in the powder surface were studied with emphasis on variations in the triboelectric properties of the powder. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was utilized to determine the changes in surface elemental composition. After nitrogen plasma treatment, the C 1s peak profiles suggested the formation of amines in the case of PS, and the formation of imines and amides in the case of PMMA. Oxygen plasma treatment suggested the formation of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups on the surfaces of both PS and PMMA. After treatment with a nitrogen or oxygen plasma, the charge-to-mass ratio (Q/M) of PS and PMMA powders in contact with carrier particles was measured using the cage blowoff method. The surface charge density (Q/A) was calculated from Q/M.

Abstract: A hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide material is used as the surface protecting layer for a photosensitive member of an electrophotographic apparatus. The carbon content (x) of the hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide material, expressed by the general formula a--Si.sub.1-x C.sub.x :H, ranges from 0.4 to 0.6, and the composition is such that the ratio of the peak TO amplitude appearing in the vicinity of 480 cm.sup.-1 to the peak TA amplitude appearing in the vicinity of 150 cm.sup.-1, both as observed by laser Raman spectroscope measurement using an excitation laser of Ar.sup.+ 488nm, is 2.0 or higher. Such material does not exhibit blurring of the image even when exposed to high humidity conditions.