Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell and a manufacturing method thereof includes a unit cell and a cell coupling member. The unit cell includes a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer surrounding an outer peripheral surface of the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer surrounding the electrolyte layer so that one end portion of the electrolyte layer is exposed. The cell coupling member is coupled to the unit cell and includes a coupling member. A sealing member including at least two layers having different porosities is coated on at least one portion of the coupling member to seal the unit cell and the cell coupling member.

Abstract: An identification device includes a computer readable code. The computer readable code includes data relating to one or more pictures of a person and identity data for the person. The computer readable code is readable by a device reader, and the device reader is configured to interpret the computer readable code and to display the picture of the person using the computer readable code data relating to the picture of the person.

Abstract: An interconnecting-type solid oxide fuel cell is disclosed. The fuel cell includes a unit cell, a first current collecting member, a first insulating member, and a second current collecting member. The unit cell has a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, and a second electrode layer sequentially formed from an inside thereof, and has an interconnector configured for electrical connection to the first electrode layer and exposed to an outside thereof in a state in which the interconnector is insulated from the second electrode layer. The first current collecting member is formed on an outside of the interconnector and configured to collect current. The first insulating member is formed on an outside of the first current collecting member. The second current collecting member is wound around an outer circumferential surface of the second electrode layer and an outside of the first insulating member.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell stack is disclosed. In one aspect, the solid oxide fuel cell stack includes unit cells, an external collector, a first stack collecting member, a cap, and a suspension member. The external collector contacts an outer periphery of each of the unit cells and electrically connects the unit cells to each other. The first stack collecting member is positioned to collect current from a distal unit cell. A cap is provided in one end of the distal unit cell. The suspension member has one side thereof suspended from the cap and the other side fixed to the first stack collecting member to distribute weight of the first stack collecting member. Structural stability of a stack collector may be maintained even at oxidizing atmosphere of high temperature when driving the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A distributor and a fuel cell module including the distributor are disclosed. The distributor is for supplying a fuel or oxidant from a supply tube to a plurality of distribution portions. The distributor includes a buffer portion and a guide portion. The buffer portion has a center for receiving the fuel or oxidant from the supply tube, and a buffer surface extending away from the center. The guide portion defines a first space with a periphery of the buffer portion. The guide portion is radially connected to the plurality of distribution portions about a center axis of the distributor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fuel cell including a unit cell having a electrolytic layer, a first electrode layer formed inside the electrolytic layer, and a second electrode layer formed outside the electrolytic layer. The fuel cell further includes an inner tube positioned inside the unit cell and extending in a longitudinal direction of the unit cell, the inner tube configured to fluidly connect the unit cell with another unit cell, and the inner tube having a variable outer diameter along the longitudinal direction of the unit cell. The fuel cell may be configured to improve fuel or oxidizer flow efficiency. The fuel cell may be configured to maintain flow rate for and improve rection time of fuel or oxidizer during operation of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack is disclosed. The SOFC may include an oxidizing agent flow path fluidly connecting a first oxidizing agent chamber and a second oxidizing agent chamber. The first oxidizing agent chamber may include an oxidizing agent supply pipe through which an oxidizing agent is flowed from an outside thereof. The second oxidizing agent chamber may perform a reduction reaction on the oxidizing agent received from the first oxidizing agent chamber. In operation, a fluid flows between the first and second oxidizing agent chambers, and may be provided to an outside of the second oxidizing agent chamber. Further, the structure of the flow path may allow heat to be conducted from the second oxidizing agent chamber.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell stack is disclosed. The solid oxide fuel cell stack may include a cell array, a pair of planar current collecting members, first and second terminal portions, and a pair of electric insulating members. A plurality of interconnector-type unit cells may be electrically connected in parallel to form a bundle, and a plurality of bundles may be electrically connected in series. The pair of the planar current collecting members may be electrically connected electrically to the plurality of bundles and configured to collect current. The first and second terminal portions contact the current collecting members. The pair of insulating members has first through-holes through which the first and second terminal portions pass, and to the insulating members are formed outside the pair of the current collecting members.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell stack is disclosed. The solid oxide fuel cell stack may include a first fuel chamber, flow passage pipes, a unit cell, a second fuel chamber, a first oxidizer chamber, a second oxidizer chamber, and a stabilization chamber. The flow passage pipes are fluidly connected to a bottom end of the first fuel chamber. The unit cell, in which a bottom thereof is shielded, is formed to surround the flow passage pipes and forms the flow passage between the flow passage pipes and the unit cell. The second fuel chamber is fluidly connected to a top end of the unit cell and configured to discharge non-reaction gas from the unit cell. The stabilization chamber is formed between the second fuel chamber and the second oxidizer chamber.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator includes a water storage container for storing water, a reaction container for receiving a solid fuel that is a mixture of a complex metal hydride and catalysts, and a water supplying source that is connected between the water storage container and the reaction container to supply the water to the reaction container.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fuel cell stack in which the diameter of holes of a separator is formed larger than the diameter of respective unit cells, so that a plurality of unit cells may be easily coupled to the separator. The fuel cell stack may include a plurality of electrically connected unit cells, a separator having a plurality of holes corresponding to the plurality of unit cells. Each hole may have a diameter larger than a respective diameter of the unit cells, which allows one side of the unit cell to pass through the hole. The fuel cell stack may include a plurality of fixing members seated on the separator at one side of the unit cells and surrounding an outside of at least one unit cell. The fuel cell stack may include a sealing agent formed along the outside of the unit cell to close the holes. During operation, the fuel cell stack with the above configuration may prevent damage to the unit cells.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method includes receiving an identification of an intended recipient of a physical package and a personalized message having content based on the identity of the intended recipient. The method further includes identifying a uniform resource locator (URL) comprising a reference to a webpage that displays the personalized message and one or more advertisements regarding products or services related to the physical package. A Quick Response (QR) code encoding the URL comprising the reference to the webpage that displays the personalized message and the one or more advertisements may be generated. The method further includes transmitting the personalized message and the one or more advertisements to the intended recipient via the webpage in response to the intended recipient accessing the URL encoded by the QR code.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, a method of simulating a circuit is disclosed including partitioning a circuit into a plurality of blocks, each of the plurality of blocks being radio-frequency blocks or non-radio frequency blocks; performing a first simulation of a first simulation type with the radio-frequency blocks to generate output waveforms of the radio-frequency blocks; performing a second simulation of a second simulation type with the non-radio-frequency blocks to generate output waveforms of the non-radio-frequency blocks where the second simulation type differs from the first simulation type; and synchronizing the first simulation and the second simulation together at one or more time steps to generate output waveforms for the circuit.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack for generating electricity by a electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen; a controller for controlling the operation of the system; a hydride storage tank for storing hydride powder as a source of hydrogen for the fuel cell stack; a hydrogen separating chamber for collecting hydrogen gas generated from a reaction of the hydride powder and liquid catalyst; a powder transferring device for transferring the hydride powder to the hydrogen separating chamber; and a residue collector for collecting residues that are generated from the reaction and settled at the bottom of the hydrogen separating chamber.

Abstract: A computer implemented method is provided for use in evaluating a hierarchical representation of a circuit design encoded in a computer readable medium comprising: traversing a circuit path within a higher level circuit that includes a reference potential connection, to identify a port of a call to a first lower level circuit that is DC path connected to the reference potential; identifying a first DC port group that includes each port of the call to the first lower level circuit that is DC path connected to the identified port of the call to the first lower level circuit; automatically marking as DC path connected to the reference potential, each port of the call to the first lower level circuit that is a member of the first DC port group; and traversing a circuit path within the first lower level circuit to identify a circuit path within the first lower level circuit that is DC path connected to a marked port of the first lower level circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a separator to seal a fuel chamber and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) having the same. The separator for the SOFC includes a through hole to accommodate a unit cell and a groove formed in an inside surface of the through hole. According to the present invention, a groove where a sealing material is disposed is formed in a portion to be welded to stably form a filler metal. Further, a slanting part formed on the groove presses the sealing material in a direction to the unit cell to improve sealing efficiency.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel cell system, which bypasses a cell, bundle, or stack. The fuel cell system includes a stack, which includes at least one unit cell including an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte formed between the anode and the cathode. The unit cell produces electricity via an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen provided from the anode and the cathode. The fuel cell system includes switches connected in series for connecting the unit cells in series or for short-circuiting one unit cell with adjacent unit cells, and a bypass switch to connect two unit cells separated by at least one unit cell. The fuel cell system reduces or minimizes influence of a defective cell, bundle, or stack on another normal cell, bundle, or stack, and thus the fuel cell system may operate for a long time and have excellent durability.

Abstract: A bundle-type interconnector is used in a fuel cell. In one embodiment, a bundle-type interconnector includes an interconnector and a plurality of projections. A plurality of accommodating grooves are formed in the interconnector, and the interconnector has conductive connection members that electrically connect the interiors of the accommodating grooves. Each of the projections is inserted into the accommodating groove, and a conductive material is coated on an outer surface of each of the projections. Accordingly, a cell bundle can be configured regardless of opened and closed interconnectors and the connection structure thereof, and maintenance and repair can be easily performed during the operation of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell assembly includes a unit cell including an anode, an electrolytic layer, and a cathode that are sequentially stacked, and an adapter at one end of the unit cell, the adapter being coupled to the anode or the cathode of the unit cell and configured to collect current.

Abstract: Disclosed are a fuel reforming system and a fuel cell system having the same, which comprises a reformer to generate a reformed gas mainly containing hydrogen from a hydrogen containing fuel; and a CO remover to remove carbon monoxide from the reformed gas, wherein a ratio of an opening area of an inlet to an opening area of an outlet ranges from 1:1.5 to 1:3. Thus, the opening area of the inlet for the reforming fuel is larger than that of the outlet for the reformed gas, so that the reformed gas is smoothly discharged from the reformer without stagnating in the channel, thereby enhancing the reforming efficiency of the reformer.