Abstract: A battery system includes: first and second positive terminals and a negative terminal; switches; at least two battery modules, each of the battery modules including at least three strings of battery cells configured to, at different times be: connected in series and to the first positive terminal via first ones of the switches; connected in parallel and to the second positive terminal via second ones of the switches; and disconnected from both of the first and second positive terminals; and a switch control module configured to: receive temperatures of the strings of battery cells, respectively; determine temperatures of the battery modules, respectively, based on the temperatures of the strings of battery cells of that battery module; and selectively actuate the switches based on at least one of: minimizing an error between the temperatures of the strings of battery cells; and minimizing an error between the temperatures of the battery modules.

Abstract: A system for managing an energy storage device in a vehicle includes a battery module having an energy pack, and a power pack connected in parallel to the energy pack. A controller is adapted to determine a minimum state of charge for the respective battery cells in the power pack, such that a respective voltage of the power pack is equal to the respective voltage of the energy pack. The power pack is a sole power source for the vehicle during a first stage, with the power pack being discharged during the first stage until the minimum SOC is reached. The energy pack and the power pack concurrently provide power to the vehicle during the second stage. Operation of the vehicle is controlled based in part on the minimum SOC, with the controller being adapted to maintain the minimum SOC for the power pack during the second stage.

Abstract: A polarizing plate and an optical display apparatus including the same. The polarizing plate includes: a polarizer; a first retardation layer; and a second retardation layer, the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer being sequentially laminated on a lower surface of the polarizer, wherein the first retardation layer has a short wavelength dispersion of about 1 to about 1.03, a long wavelength dispersion of about 0.98 to about 1, and an in-plane retardation of about 220 nm to about 270 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm, the second retardation layer has a short wavelength dispersion of about 1 to about 1.1, a long wavelength dispersion of about 0.96 to about 1, and an in-plane retardation of about 80 nm to about 130 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm, and a ratio (Rth/d) of out-of-plane retardation (Rth, unit:nm) of the second retardation layer at a wavelength of about 550 nm to thickness (d, unit:?m) of the second retardation layer ranges from about ?33 nm/?m to about ?15 nm/?m.

Abstract: A polarizing plate and a stereoscopic image display apparatus including the same are disclosed. A polarizing plate includes: a polarizer; and a stack of a first negative wavelength dispersion retardation layer and a positive C retardation layer on at least one surface of the polarizer, and the stack has a degree of biaxiality of 0.1 to 0.5 at a wavelength of 450 nm, a degree of biaxiality of 0.2 to 0.6 at a wavelength of 550 nm, and a degree of biaxiality of 0.3 to 0.7 at a wavelength of 650 nm.

Abstract: A method for assembling a plurality of cells into a battery module employs a controller having a processor and tangible, non-transitory memory. The method includes positioning the plurality of cells in a testing apparatus for pre-assembly testing. The testing apparatus is adapted to house a selected group of the plurality of cells at a time. The method includes performing a pulse power test on the selected group, via the testing apparatus. The method includes receiving respective voltage trace data based in part on the pulse power test. A respective internal resistance parameter of the plurality of cells is tracked based in part on the respective voltage trace data, via the controller. The method includes arranging the plurality of cells into sorted groups based in part on the respective internal resistance parameter and assembling the sorted groups in a predefined pattern into the battery module.

Abstract: Management of rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) included onboard to a vehicle to provide a high voltage (HV) output to a HV bus and a low voltage (LV) output to a LV bus. The management may include identifying a constrained module of the power modules, determining a current demand for a low voltage (LV) bus of the vehicle, and implementing a compensation strategy for managing the power modules to meet the current demand, including lowering a current output set for the constrained module relative to current outputs set for the unconstrained modules.

Abstract: A battery monitoring system for a battery pack of an electric vehicle. The battery monitoring system may include a virtual cell model configured for generating a definitive output based on a current through the battery pack and a definitive equivalent circuit model (ECM) for a virtual cell and a physical cell model configured for generating an indefinitive output based on the current and an indefinitive ECM for the battery pack. The battery monitoring system may include an SOC transformation module configured for generating a battery SOC for the battery pack based at least in part on the definitive and indefinitive outputs.

Abstract: A vehicle, system and method of operating a battery having a plurality of modules, each module having a plurality of strings. The vehicle includes the battery. A processor operates the plurality of modules in a first phase of a mode of operation, calculates a model-predicted path vector for the first phase based on a time for reducing a difference between states of charges of the plurality of strings, selects between the model-predicted path vector and a default path vector based on an operating parameter of the battery, and switches operation of the plurality of modules from the first phase to a second phase using the selected one of the model-predicted path vector and the default path vector.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an electrical system for balancing a state of charge in a battery pack. The electrical system includes a plurality of module groups. A switch array includes a plurality of switches. Each switch is coupled to a respective module group. The switch can be in one of a first state that connects the module group to a first low voltage bus, a second state that connects the module group to a second low voltage bus, and a third state in which the module group is disconnected from both the first low voltage bus and the second low voltage bus. The array is placed in a first phase of a mode of operation with at least one switch in one of the first state and the second state and cycles through the phases of the mode to balance a charge between the plurality of module groups.

Abstract: A polarizing plate and an optical display apparatus are disclosed. The polarizing plate includes a polarizer; and a retardation layer stack formed on one surface of the polarizer, wherein the retardation layer stack includes a second retardation layer, a first adhesive layer, and a first retardation layer sequentially stacked from the one surface of the polarizer, the first adhesive layer has a modulus of 1×105 Pa to 1×106 Pa at 25° C., and the second retardation layer and the first adhesive layer satisfy Relation 1.

Abstract: A polarizing plate and an optical display apparatus are provided. A polarizing plate includes: a polarizer; and a first retardation layer and a second retardation layer sequentially stacked on a lower surface of the polarizer, and the first retardation layer has a short wavelength dispersion of about 1 to about 1.03, a long wavelength dispersion of about 0.98 to about 1, and an in-plane retardation of about 180 nm to about 220 nm at a wavelength of 550 nm, the second retardation layer has a short wavelength dispersion of about 1 to about 1.1, a long wavelength dispersion of about 0.96 to about 1, and an in-plane retardation Re of about 70 nm to about 120 nm at a wavelength of 550 nm, and a ratio of out-of-plane retardation of the second retardation layer at a wavelength of 550 nm to thickness thereof is about ?33 nm/?m to about ?15 nm/?m.

Abstract: An electric vehicle (EV), and systems and methods are introduced in aspects of the disclosure that use a battery management system (BMS) for one or more Lithium ion (Li+) battery cells. The BMS includes an apparatus coupled with outer terminals of the one or more Li+ battery cells and configured to estimate an open circuit voltage (VOC) across the Li+ battery cells. The apparatus further includes a memory, at least one processor coupled with the memory. The at least one processor is configured, when executing code stored in the memory, to produce a state of charge (SOC) observer, the SOC observer including a hysteresis model to account for hysteresis in the one or more Li+ battery cells.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound having a structure in formula I. The compound of the present invention has good enzyme inhibitory activity against EGFR mutants (L858R/T790M/C797S, del19/T790M/C797S, del19/C797S, L858R/C797S), a weak inhibitory effect on wild-type EGFR, and good selectivity. The compound has significant inhibitory activity against the proliferation of EGFR mutant cells, and has potential application value in the treatment of diseases related to cell proliferation. The compound of the present invention has good solubility and permeability, good in-vivo metabolic stability, high in-vivo exposure, and high bioavailability, and is a potential pharmaceutical compound.

Abstract: A method that includes performing a battery module functionality test on battery cell arrays within the battery module to obtain battery test data for each of the battery cell arrays. The battery test data is used to determine if a measured parameter for one of the battery cell arrays deviates from a predetermined threshold for the measured parameter. A focused secondary battery test is performed on each of the battery cell arrays having the measured parameter that deviates from the predetermined threshold. The battery module is then qualified based on at least one of the battery test data and the focused secondary battery test.

Abstract: A polarizing plate and an optical display apparatus including the same are provided. A polarizing plate includes a polarizer; and a first retardation layer and a second retardation layer sequentially stacked on a lower surface of the polarizer, and the first retardation layer has an in-plane retardation of about 180 nm to about 220 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm; and the second retardation layer has an in-plane retardation of about 80 nm to about 100 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm.

Abstract: A battery system includes: two battery modules, each including three strings of battery cells that are configured to, at different times be: connected in series and to a first positive terminal via first ones of switches; connected in parallel and to a second positive terminal via second ones of the switches; and disconnected from both of the first and second positive terminals; and a switch control module configured to: determine state of charges (SOCs) of the strings, respectively; determine periods of phases, respectively, based on the SOCs; determine first periods for connecting ones of the strings in parallel; divide one of the phases into N equal length periods; selectively decrease N; when a number of the first periods that end closest to one of N period endings is at least a predetermined value, adjust the first periods to the respective closest ones of the N period endings.

Abstract: A method of active energy management for a vehicle including a rechargeable energy storage system (RESS). The method includes: calculating, via a controller programmed with a usable energy algorithm, a usable energy of the at least one power module based on an anode lithium surface density; comparing, via the controller, the usable energy calculated with a first threshold; providing, via the controller, a first notification to a user when the usable energy calculated reaches a first threshold; providing, via the controller, a second notification to the user when the usable energy calculated reaches a second threshold, providing a third notification to the user when the usable energy calculated reaches a third threshold, and suggesting actions to the user based on the notifications.

Abstract: A battery system includes: a first positive terminal, a second positive terminal, and a negative terminal; at least two battery modules, each including switches and at least three strings of battery cells configured to, via the switches, at different times be: connected in series and to the first positive terminal; connected in parallel and to the second positive terminal; and disconnected from both of the first and second positive terminals; and a switch control module configured to, when a fault is diagnosed in one of the strings of one of the battery modules: at least one of: actuate the switches and isolate the one of the battery modules from the first and second positive terminals; and actuate the switches and isolate the one of the strings from the first and second positive terminals; and selectively actuate the switches of the remainder of the battery modules using model predictive control.

Abstract: A vehicle, system and method of detecting an internal short in a battery pack of the vehicle. The system includes a plurality of sensors and a processor. The plurality of sensors obtains states of charge at battery cells of the battery pack. The processor discharges the battery pack to identify a first set of the battery cells based on the states of charge of the battery cells, charges the battery pack to identify a second set of the battery cells based on the states of charge of the battery cells, and generates an alarm when an intersection of the first set and the second set is non-empty.

Abstract: Examples described herein provide a method that includes providing a first electric power pathway from a battery to a first auxiliary low voltage bus via a direct-current (DC)/DC converter and a first switch. The method further includes providing a second electric power pathway from the battery to a second auxiliary low voltage bus via the DC/DC converter and a second switch. The method further includes selectively controlling at least one of the first switch or the second switch to manage a load in one of the first auxiliary low voltage bus or the second auxiliary low voltage bus based at least in part on the battery or the load.