Abstract: Methods and systems for generating a new record in a digital ledger include hashing a payload, public key, and signature of a parent record to generate a hash value. A new record is created with a new payload and a new public key. The hash value is combined with the new payload and the new public key to generate a message value. A signature of the new record is generated using the message value and a private key corresponding to the public key of the parent record. The signature of the new record is added to the new record.

Abstract: A defect detecting device 10 includes an overall displacement measurement unit 11 that measures, based on observation data output from an observation device that observes a target object, a displacement of an overall movement of the target object relative to an observation point at set time intervals, as an overall displacement; a specific period detection unit 12 that detects a specific period in which the measured overall displacement is in a specific state within a period in which observation is performed; a partial displacement measurement unit 13 that measures, displacements at a plurality of points set on the target object in the detected specific period, as partial displacements; and a defect detection unit 14 that detects a defect in the target object, based on the acquired at least one of the temporal changes and the spatial distributions of the partial displacements.

Abstract: Methods and systems for generating a new record in a digital ledger include hashing a payload, public key, and signature of a parent record to generate a hash value. A new record is created with a new payload and a new public key. The hash value is combined with the new payload and the new public key to generate a message value. A signature of the new record is generated using the message value and a private key corresponding to the public key of the parent record. The signature of the new record is added to the new record.

Abstract: For detecting a crack formed on a structure surface without erroneously, an information processing device that detects a crack on a structure, includes a change detection unit that detects a change in positions of at least two measurement points on the structure; and a crack detection unit that detects a crack based on the change in the positions of the measurement points detected by the change detection unit.

Abstract: A communication system is provided which includes: a portable terminal; a mobility management device that manages mobility of the portable terminal; a first gateway that connects the portable terminal to a first network; and a second gateway that connects the portable terminal to a second network. Based on a result of determining whether to connect the portable terminal to the first network via the first gateway or connect the portable terminal to the second network via the second gateway, the mobility management device switches between causing the portable terminal to use first contract information for connection to the first network via the first gateway and causing the portable terminal to use second contract information for connection to the second network via the second gateway.

Abstract: Provided is an image encoding apparatus capable of encoding a region important to a user with high quality. An update interval index calculation unit calculates an update interval index representing an index having a long update interval in an entire update tile overlapping the update region for each update region. An importance region specification unit specifies an important region, from each update region by using the update interval index. An quality control unit allocates a code amount, which is larger than a result obtained by dividing the total target code amount per one frame proportionally according to a ratio of an area of an entire important region with respect to an area of an entire update region, as a target code amount of the entire important region and specifies a quality value of the entire important region on the basis of the target code amount.

Abstract: A removal region detection means detects a rectangular non-update region from a circumscribed rectangle of all update blocks. An update region dividing means divides the circumscribed rectangle of all update blocks into two or more rectangular update regions not including the detected non-update region. If the number of update regions after the division does not exceeds a threshold, a division processing control means recursively applies the processing by the removal region detection means on the update regions after the division, and recursively applies the processing by the update region dividing means based on the detected non-update region. The division processing control means terminates repetition of the division processing of the update region on a condition that a new non-update region is not detected any more by the removal region detection means, or that the number of update regions exceeds the threshold, whichever is satisfied earlier.

Abstract: This invention relates to an anode active material comprising at least one iron oxide selected from the group consisting of amorphous iron oxides, ferrihydrite, and lepidocrocite. The invention also relates to a lithium ion secondary battery anode material comprising the anode active material as a constituent component, a lithium ion secondary battery anode comprising the lithium ion secondary battery anode material, and a lithium ion secondary battery comprising the lithium ion secondary battery anode.

Abstract: For detecting a crack formed on a structure surface without erroneously, an information processing device that detects a crack on a structure, includes a change detection unit that detects a change in positions of at least two measurement points on the structure; and a crack detection unit that detects a crack based on the change in the positions of the measurement points detected by the change detection unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a plant protection agent comprising an amorphous and/or microcrystalline silicon- and phosphorus-containing iron oxide, and a method for controlling plant diseases, comprising the step of applying the plant protection agent.

Abstract: A coefficient encoding unit extracts, as a coefficient group, a group of coefficients (wavelet transform coefficients) located spatially at the same positions from a plurality of high-frequency subbands generated by wavelet transform of a two-dimensional signal, and encodes the group. The coefficient encoding unit has: a unit for collectively encoding the wavelet transform coefficients included in the coefficient group; a unit for individually encoding; a unit for extracting, as a mode determination reference coefficient group, a group of already-encoded wavelet transform coefficients located spatially in neighborhood of the encoding target coefficient group; and a unit for comparing the sum of the absolute values of the wavelet transform coefficients included in the mode determination reference coefficient group with a predetermined threshold, and determining whether to collectively encode or individually encode the wavelet transform coefficients included in the encoding target coefficient group.

Abstract: The moving image region detection device includes an updated block detection means, a natural image updated block determination means, and a moving image block extraction means. The updated block detection means compares pixel values between a frame of an input video and the previous frame, and detects a block including a pixel in which a value having been changed, as an updated block. The natural image updated block determination means calculates an index value representing a degree of continuity of changes in pixel values in the updated block, compares the calculated index value with a threshold, and determines whether it is an updated block of a natural image. The moving image block extraction means extracts a block determined to be an updated block of a natural image a given number of times or more in most recent frames including the frame, as a moving image block of a natural image.

Abstract: An updated region encoding unit detects an updated region in a frame of an inputted image signal and encodes the updated region. A retransmission candidate tile extracting unit extracts from within a screen a tile which does not belong to an updated region in a current frame and which is a partial region transmitted after encoded with a quality equal to or less than a first quality. A character likelihood estimating unit, with respect to a tile extracted by the retransmission candidate tile extracting unit, calculates a likelihood value indicating likelihood that the tile is a character region. A character-likelihood-order intra update unit selects a tile in decreasing order of the likelihood value from among tiles extracted by the retransmission candidate tile extracting unit, and encodes the tile with a second quality which is higher than the first quality and transmits the result.

Abstract: Provided is an image encoding apparatus capable of encoding a region important to a user with high quality. An update interval index calculation unit calculates an update interval index representing an index having a long update interval in an entire update tile overlapping the update region for each update region. An importance region specification unit specifies an important region, from each update region by using the update interval index. An quality control unit allocates a code amount, which is larger than a result obtained by dividing the total target code amount per one frame proportionally according to a ratio of an area of an entire important region with respect to an area of an entire update region, as a target code amount of the entire important region and specifies a quality value of the entire important region on the basis of the target code amount.

Abstract: An updated region encoding unit detects an updated region in a frame of an inputted image signal and encodes the updated region. A retransmission candidate tile extracting unit extracts from within a screen a tile which does not belong to an updated region in a current frame and which is a partial region transmitted after encoded with a quality equal to or less than a first quality. A character likelihood estimating unit, with respect to a tile extracted by the retransmission candidate tile extracting unit, calculates a likelihood value indicating likelihood that the tile is a character region. A character-likelihood-order intra update unit selects a tile in decreasing order of the likelihood value from among tiles extracted by the retransmission candidate tile extracting unit, and encodes the tile with a second quality which is higher than the first quality and transmits the result.

Abstract: A removal region detection means detects a rectangular non-update region from a circumscribed rectangle of all update blocks. An update region dividing means divides the circumscribed rectangle of all update blocks into two or more rectangular update regions not including the detected non-update region. If the number of update regions after the division does not exceeds a threshold, a division processing control means recursively applies the processing by the removal region detection means on the update regions after the division, and recursively applies the processing by the update region dividing means based on the detected non-update region. The division processing control means terminates repetition of the division processing of the update region on a condition that a new non-update region is not detected any more by the removal region detection means, or that the number of update regions exceeds the threshold, whichever is satisfied earlier.

Abstract: This moving image coding device has an update region detection unit, a coding target region detection and cache update unit, and a coding unit. The update region detection unit compares a reference frame and a current frame, and detects an update region that a pixel value changed. The coding target region detection and cache update unit replaces an image of an update region in the reference frame with an image in a cache frame, and thereafter, detects a region that a pixel value changed as a coding target region and stores an image of a region that a pixel value did not change for a predetermined past period in the image of the update region in the reference frame before the replacement, into the cache frame as an image of a stable region. The coding unit codes an image of the coding target region and cache information.

Abstract: A coefficient encoding unit extracts, as a coefficient group, a group of coefficients (wavelet transform coefficients) located spatially at the same positions from a plurality of high-frequency subbands generated by wavelet transform of a two-dimensional signal, and encodes the group. The coefficient encoding unit has: a unit for collectively encoding the wavelet transform coefficients included in the coefficient group; a unit for individually encoding; a unit for extracting, as a mode determination reference coefficient group, a group of already-encoded wavelet transform coefficients located spatially in neighborhood of the encoding target coefficient group; and a unit for comparing the sum of the absolute values of the wavelet transform coefficients included in the mode determination reference coefficient group with a predetermined threshold, and determining whether to collectively encode or individually encode the wavelet transform coefficients included in the encoding target coefficient group.

Abstract: The device for encoding a Bayer pattern image includes a two-dimensional high-pass filtering means for calculating a GH coefficient which is a high-pass component corresponding to a space coordinate of a G1 pixel, from the value of the G1 pixel and the values of four G0 pixels in the neighborhood of the G1 pixel; a two-dimensional low-pass filtering means for calculating a GL coefficient which is a low-pass component corresponding to a space coordinate of a G0 pixel, from the value of the G0 pixel and the values of four GH coefficients in the neighborhood of the G0 pixel; a first encoding means for encoding a two-dimensional signal including the GH coefficient; and a second encoding means for encoding a two-dimensional signal including the GL coefficient.

Abstract: This invention relates to an anode active material comprising at least one iron oxide selected from the group consisting of amorphous iron oxides, ferrihydrite, and lepidocrocite. The invention also relates to a lithium ion secondary battery anode material comprising the anode active material as a constituent component, a lithium ion secondary battery anode comprising the lithium ion secondary battery anode material, and a lithium ion secondary battery comprising the lithium ion secondary battery anode.