Abstract: An object is to provide a redundant supervisory control system and a redundancy switching method thereof. In the redundant supervisory control system, remote I/O apparatuses are less likely to be inaccessible, even in a case where failures occur in plural locations. Thus, the reliability of the system is enhanced. The redundant supervisory control system including a plurality of first loop interface units in each of a pair of controllers, second loop interface units, and communication cables each connecting the plurality of first and second loop interface units with one another in a circular loop. The redundant supervisory control system is configured by connecting the controllers and the remote I/O units to one another in a plurality of loop networks. In a case where abnormality in the loop networks is detected by use of received data in the networks, the first and second loop interface units that can perform normal reception are automatically selected.

Abstract: For a control apparatus to be boundary scan testable even when running, including processor cores in an operator to be capable of self-repairing a troubling part, an operator (2) has processor cores (2a, 2b) connected to a boundary scan bus (12), and adapted to mutually diagnose opponent processor cores for troubles, by boundary scan testing each other in a time-dividing manner.

Abstract: A first arithmetic operator (11) includes a first modular arithmetic coding encoder (11b) for encoding a numeric data transmitted by a command from a central controller (31) into a modular arithmetic code, a first arithmetic operation processor (11a) using the numeric data as modular arithmetic coded as an input operand, for executing an arithmetic operation based on a command from the central controller (13), to provide an output in the form of a modular arithmetic code, and a first modular arithmetic code decoder (11c) for determining presence or absence of a bit error in the numeric data output from the first arithmetic operation processor, correcting the bit error, if detected any, to output a decoded numeric data.

Abstract: An object is to provide a redundant supervisory control system and a redundancy switching method thereof. In the redundant supervisory control system, remote I/O apparatuses are less likely to be inaccessible, even in a case where failures occur in plural locations. Thus, the reliability of the system is enhanced. The redundant supervisory control system including a plurality of first loop interface units in each of a pair of controllers, second loop interface units, and communication cables each connecting the plurality of first and second loop interface units with one another in a circular loop. The redundant supervisory control system is configured by connecting the controllers and the remote I/O units to one another in a plurality of loop networks. In a case where abnormality in the loop networks is detected by use of received data in the networks, the first and second loop interface units that can perform normal reception are automatically selected.

Abstract: A transmission system which performs protections to node failures by using protection paths equipped by a shared node protection system for each transmission path on a network formed of a plurality of nodes, uniformly moving transmission band setting of all other protection paths which share these transmission bands when the transmission bands on the network are occupied by the protections.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for producing a steroid compound. The present invention provides a method for producing 3,7-dioxo-5?-cholanic acid or ester derivatives thereof, which uses, as raw materials, sterols having double bonds at positions 5 and 24, such as cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3?-ol, ergosta-5,7,24(28)-trien-3?-ol, desmosterol, fucosterol, or ergosta-5,24(28)-dien-3?-ol, and which comprises the following 4 steps: (I) a step of performing oxidation of a hydroxyl group at position 3 and isomerization of a double bond at position 5 to position 4; (II) a step of converting position 24 to a carboxyl group or an ester derivative thereof by the oxidative cleavage of a side chain; (III) a step of introducing an oxygen functional group into position 7; and (IV) a step of constructing a 5?-configuration by reduction of a double bond at position 4.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide 3-hydroxy-3-(2-thienyl)propionamides useful as synthesis intermediates of pharmaceutical preparations and the like and a method for obtaining optically active 3-amino-1-(2-thienyl)-1-propanols using the same with high reaction yield, high optical yield and industrially low cost. According to the present invention, 3-amino-1-(2-thienyl)-1-propanols are obtained by carrying out asymmetric reduction of a ?-ketocarbonyl compound having thiophene ring in the presence of a catalyst constituted from a compound of a group VIII or IX metal in the periodic table (e.g., a ruthenium compound) and an asymmetric ligand represented by a specified optically active diamine derivative (e.g., a diphenylethylenediamine derivative), or using a cell, a treated product of said cell or the like of a microorganism, and as occasion demands, carrying out amidation of the ester group and then carrying out reduction of the amido group.

Abstract: A method for producing optically active compounds is disclosed. The method is highly practical for producing optically active compounds useful for various utilities such as intermediates for synthesizing pharmaceutical agents, liquid crystal materials and agents for optical resolution.

Abstract: A process for producing 1H-3-aminopyrrolidine and derivatives thereof is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing 1H-3-aminopyrrolidine and derivatives thereof is disclosed.

Abstract: This document describes a novel and practically excellent process for the preparation of optically active compounds, such as optically active alcohols or amines which are useful for various applications, for example, as synthetic intermediates of pharmaceuticals, liquid crystal materials, and reagents for optical resolution, wherein a hydrogen transfer type asymmetric reduction is carried out in the presence of both a transition metal complex and an optically active nitrogen compound or a transition metal complex having an optically active nitrogen compounds as an asymmetric ligand, and a hydrogen-donating organic or inorganic compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for purifying homocystine comprising treating crude homocystine with a base, a method for purifying homocystine comprising recovering homocystine by neutralizing an alkaline aqueous solution of crude homocystine with an acid, and a homocystine powder containing 1,000 ppm or less of a polysulfide.

Abstract: Homocystine is produced by heating methionine in the presence of sulfuric acid and a hydrogen halide.