Abstract: A cathode part of an electrochemical reaction device comprises a conductor, a porous body, a reduction catalyst, an electrolytic solution flow path, a first flow path, and a second flow path. The conductor has a conductive surface. The porous body includes a first surface, a second surface, a first porous portion, and a second porous portion. The first surface is in contact with the conductive surface. A contact angle between an inner wall of the second porous portion and water is higher than a contact angle between an inner wall of the first porous portion and the water. The reduction catalyst is supported on the second surface to reduce carbon dioxide. The electrolytic solution flow path faces the reduction catalyst. The first flow path faces the first porous portion. The second flow path faces the second porous portion.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for carbon dioxide of an embodiment includes: an anode part including an anode to oxidize water or a hydroxide ion and thus produce oxygen and an anode solution flow path to supply an anode solution to the anode; a cathode part including a cathode to reduce carbon dioxide and thus produce a carbon compound, a cathode solution flow path to supply a cathode solution to the cathode, and a liquid passing member disposed between the cathode and the cathode solution flow path and having a pore allowing the cathode solution to pass through while holding the cathode solution; and a separator to separate the anode part and the cathode part from each other.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction device comprises: an anode unit to oxidize water and thus generate oxygen; a cathode unit to reduce carbon dioxide and thus generate a carbon compound and hydrogen; a separator separating the anode and cathode units; and a power supply connected to the anode and cathode units, the cathode unit including: a porous member having a first surface and a second surface; a flow path plate facing the first surface; and a reduction catalyst on the second surface, and the flow path plate including: a flow path through which a target gas containing the carbon dioxide flows; and a porous film separating a first space and a second space inside the flow path and being permeated with an ionic liquid, the ionic liquid being configured to separate the carbon dioxide from the target gas.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction device comprises: an anode to oxidize water; an electrolytic solution flow path facing on the anode and through which an electrolytic solution containing the water flows; a cathode including: a porous conductive layer having first and second surfaces; and a reduction catalyst layer having a third surface disposed on the first surface and containing a reduction catalyst to reduce carbon dioxide; a separator between the anode and the cathode; a power supply connected to the anode and the cathode; and a flow path plate including: a fourth surface on the second surface; and a flow path facing on the second surface and through which the carbon dioxide flows. A ratio of an area of an overlap of the second surface and the flow path to an area of the second surface is 0.5 or more and 0.85 or less.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide electrolytic device includes: an electrolysis cell including a cathode, an anode, cathode and anode flow paths, and a separator; a carbon dioxide source to supply carbon dioxide to the cathode flow path; a solution source to supply an electrolytic solution containing water to the anode flow path; at least one sensor to acquire at least one data of a data indicating a discharge amount per unit time of a liquid containing water to be discharged from at least one flow path and a data indicating a concentration of at least one ion in the liquid; a refresh material source including a gas source to supply a gaseous substance to the at least one flow path; and a controller programmed to stop the supply of the carbon dioxide and the electrolytic solution, and start supply of a gaseous substance from the refresh material source, in accordance with the at least one data.

Abstract: A system, comprising: a file server coupled to a plurality of client terminals; and an archive server coupled to the file server via a network. The file server is configured to: provide an area for storing data recognizable by each of the plurality of client terminals; determine whether to store first data into the first storage device based on an attribute of a first storage area in a case where an addition request for storing the first data into the first storage area is received from a client terminal; and transmit the addition request to the archive server. The archive server is configured to store the first data into the second storage device in a case where the addition request is received.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide electrolytic device comprises: an electrolysis cell including a cathode, an anode, a carbon dioxide source to supply carbon dioxide to the cathode, a solution source to supply an electrolytic solution, and a separator separating the anode and the cathode; a power controller connected to the anode and the cathode; a refresh material source including a gas source to supply a gaseous substance, and a solution source to supply a rinse solution; and a controller to control the carbon dioxide source, the solution source, the power controller, and the refresh material source in accordance with request criteria of a performance of the cell and thus stop the supply of the carbon dioxide and the electrolytic solution, and apply the voltage therebetween while supplying the rinse solution thereto.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction device in an embodiment includes: an electrochemical reaction cell including a first accommodation part for accommodating carbon dioxide, a second accommodation part for accommodating an electrolytic solution containing water, or water vapor, a diaphragm provided between the first accommodation part and the second accommodation part, a reduction electrode arranged in the first accommodation part, and an oxidation electrode arranged in the second accommodation part; a detection unit detecting a reaction amount in the electrochemical reaction cell; a regulation unit regulating an amount of the carbon dioxide to be supplied to the first accommodation part; and a control unit controlling the regulation unit based on a detection signal of the detection unit.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction device, comprises: an anode to oxidize a first substance; a first flow path facing on the anode and through which a liquid containing the first substance flows; a cathode to reduce a second substance; a second flow path facing on the cathode and through which a gas containing the second substance flows; a porous separator provided between the anode and the cathode; and a power supply connected to the anode and the cathode. A thickness of the porous separator is 1 ?m or more and 500 ?m or less. An average fine pore size of the porous separator is larger than 0.008 ?m and smaller than 0.45 ?m. A porosity of the porous separator is higher than 0.5.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide electrolytic device comprises an electrolysis cell including: a cathode to reduce a first substance containing carbon dioxide and thus produce a first product containing a carbon compound; a cathode flow path which faces the cathode and through which a gas containing the carbon dioxide flows; an anode to oxidize a second substance containing water or a hydroxide and thus produce a second product containing oxygen; an anode flow path which faces the anode and through which an electrolytic solution containing the water or the hydroxide flows; a water-repellent porous body which faces the anode flow path and through which the second product flows; and a separator provided between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a photochemical reaction system comprises a CO2 production unit, a CO2 absorption unit, and a CO2 reduction unit. The CO2 reduction unit comprises a laminated body and an ion transfer pathway. The laminated body comprises an oxidation catalyst layer producing O2 and H+ by oxidizing H2O, a reduction catalyst layer producing carbon compounds by reducing CO2 absorbed by the CO2 absorption unit, and a semiconductor layer formed between the oxidation catalyst layer and the reduction catalyst layer and develops charge separation with light energy. The ion transfer pathways make ions move between the oxidation catalyst layer side and the reduction catalyst layer side.

Abstract: The present embodiments provide a reduction catalyst realizing high reaction efficiency and a reduction reactor employing the catalyst. The reduction catalyst of the embodiment comprises an electric conductor and an organic layer having organic modifying groups placed on the surface of the conductor. The organic modifying groups have an aromatic ring having two or more nitrogen atoms. The reduction catalyst is used in a reduction reactor, and the reactor is also provided.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide electrolytic device of an embodiment includes: an anode part including an anode which oxidizes water or hydroxide ions to produce oxygen; a cathode part including a cathode which reduces carbon dioxide to produce a carbon compound, a cathode solution flow path which supplies a cathode solution to the cathode, and a gas flow path which supplies carbon dioxide to the cathode; a separator which separates the anode part and the cathode part; and a differential pressure control unit which controls a differential pressure between a pressure of the cathode solution and a pressure of the carbon dioxide so as to adjust a production amount of the carbon dioxide produced by a reduction reaction in the cathode part.

Abstract: An electrolysis cell for carbon dioxide of an embodiment includes: an anode part including an anode which oxidizes water or hydroxide ions to produce oxygen and an anode solution flow path which supplies an anode solution to the anode; a cathode part including a cathode which reduces carbon dioxide to produce a carbon compound, a cathode solution flow path which supplies a cathode solution to the cathode, and a gas flow path which supplies carbon dioxide to the cathode; and a separator which separates the anode part and the cathode part. The anode has a first surface in contact with the separator, and a second surface facing the anode solution flow path so that the anode solution is in contact with the anode.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a nonaqueous electrolyte battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a nonaqueous electrolyte. The negative electrode includes a titanium and niobium-containing composite oxide. The nonaqueous electrolyte includes at least one compound selected from compounds represented by the formulas (1) and (2).

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction device, includes: an electrolytic solution tank including a first storage part to store a first electrolytic solution containing carbon dioxide, and a second storage part to store a second electrolytic solution containing Water: a reduction electrode disposed in the first storing part; an oxidation electrode disposed in the second storing part; a porous both disposed in the first storing part; and a flow path connecting the porous body and an outside of the electrolytic solution tank to supply gas containing carbon dioxide to the porous body.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction device of an embodiment includes: a reaction tank which includes a first storage storing a first electrolytic solution containing carbon dioxide, and a second storage storing a second electrolytic solution containing water; a reduction electrode which is disposed at the first storage, an oxidation electrode which is disposed at the second storage; a counter electrode which is used for potential sweep using the reduction electrode as a working electrode; a first power supply which is electrically connected to the reduction electrode and the oxidation electrode, to generate a reduction reaction and an oxidation reaction; and a second power supply which is electrically connected to the reduction electrode and the counter electrode, to sweep a potential while setting an oxidation potential of the reduction electrode or less as an upper limit potential.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction device includes: an electrolytic solution tank to store an electrolytic solution; an oxidation electrode disposed in the electrolytic solution tank; a reduction electrode disposed in the electrolytic solution tank; and a generator connected to the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode. At least one of the oxidation electrode or the reduction electrode has a porous structure containing fine pores.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction device in an embodiment includes: a reaction unit including a first accommodation part to accommodate carbon dioxide and a second accommodation part to accommodate an electrolytic solution containing water; a reduction electrode to reduce the carbon dioxide; an oxidation electrode to oxidize the water; a power supply to pass current between the reduction electrode and the oxidation electrode; a pressure regulator to regulate a pressure in the first accommodation part; a reaction product detector to detect at least one of an amount and a kind of a substance produced at the reduction electrode; and a controller to control the pressure regulator based on a detection signal of the reaction product detector.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide electrolytic device includes: an electrolysis cell including a cathode, an anode, cathode and anode flow paths, and a separator; a carbon dioxide source to supply carbon dioxide to the cathode flow path; a solution source to supply an electrolytic solution containing water to the anode flow path; at least one sensor to acquire at least one data of a data indicating a discharge amount per unit time of a liquid containing water to be discharged from at least one flow path and a data indicating a concentration of at least one ion in the liquid; a refresh material source including a gas source to supply a gaseous substance to the at least one flow path; and a controller programmed to stop the supply of the carbon dioxide and the electrolytic solution, and start supply of a gaseous substance from the refresh material source, in accordance with the at least one data.