Abstract: A room temperature bonding apparatus includes angle adjustment means supporting a first sample stage holding a first substrate so as to be able to change a direction of the first sample stage; a first driving device driving the first stage in a first direction; a second driving device driving a second sample stage holding a second substrate in a second direction not parallel to the first direction; and a carriage support table supporting the second sample stage in the first direction when the second substrate and the first substrate are brought into contact. The apparatus can impose a load exceeding a withstand load of the second driving device on the first and second substrates. Further, the apparatus uses angle adjustment means to change direction of the first substrate to be parallel with the second substrate and uniformly impose the larger load on a bonding surface.

Abstract: A room temperature bonding apparatus according to the present invention is provided with a load lock chamber having an internal space which is pressure-reduced; and a cartridge arranged in the load lock chamber. The cartridge includes an island portion formed to contact a substrate when the substrate is put on the cartridge. A flow passage is formed for the island portion to connect a space between the cartridge and the substrate to outside when the substrate is put on the cartridge. Therefore, in the room temperature bonding apparatus can prevent making the substrate is moved to the cartridge due to gas when the internal space is pressure-reduced.

Abstract: A method of room-temperature bonding a plurality of substrates via an intermediate member, includes: forming the intermediate member on a surface to be bonded of the substrate by physically sputtering a plurality of targets; and activating the surface to be bonded by an ion beam. In this case, it is preferable that the target composed of a plurality of types of materials is physically sputtered. Since the materials of the intermediate member are sputtered from the plurality of targets arranged in various directions from the surface to be bonded of the substrate, the intermediate member can be uniformly formed on the surface to be bonded. Further, since the intermediate member is composed of the plurality of types of materials, the room-temperature bonding of substrates difficult to bond together when an intermediate member is composed of a single type of material can be performed without heating and excessively pressing the substrates during bonding.

Abstract: Provided is a cold jointing apparatus, which comprises a discharge device, a gas feeding device, a pressure gauge, a clarifying device, a pressure controller and a pressing mechanism. The discharge device discharges a gas from the inside of a chamber. The gas feeding device feeds an introduction gas to the inside of the chamber. The pressure gauge measures the pressure in the chamber. The clarifying device clarifies a first board and a second board in the chamber when the measured pressure is at a predetermined degree of vacuum. The pressure controller controls both the discharge device and the gas feeding device so that the measured pressure may be equal to a target pressure. The pressing mechanism presses the first board and the second board in the chamber when the measured pressure is that target pressure.

Abstract: A room temperature bonding apparatus includes: an angle adjustment mechanism that supports a first sample stage holding a first substrate to a first stage so as to be able to change a direction of the first sample stage; a first driving device that drives the first stage in a first direction; a second driving device that drives a second sample stage holding a second substrate in a second direction not parallel to the first direction; and a carriage support table that supports the second sample stage in the first direction when the second substrate and the first substrate are brought into press contact with each other. In this case, the room temperature bonding apparatus can impose a larger load exceeding a withstand load of the second driving device on the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A device is provided with: a first substrate mainly containing silicon dioxide; a second substrate mainly containing silicon, compound semiconductor, silicon dioxide or fluoride; and a bonding functional intermediate layer arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate is bonded to the second substrate thorough room temperature bonding in which a sputtered first surface of the first substrate is contacted with a sputtered second surface of the second substrate via the bonding functional intermediate layer. Here, the material of the bonding functional intermediate layer is selected from among optically transparent materials which are oxide, fluoride, or nitride, the materials being different from the main component of the first substrate and different from the main component of the second substrate.

Abstract: An inter-substrate material layer is formed between a first substrate and a second substrate to generate a bonding strength. A plurality of metal elements are present in the inter-substrate material layer. An interface element existence ratio of the plurality of metal elements is 0.07 or above. A device can be obtained in which substrates difficult to bond (for example, SiO2 substrates) are bonded at room-temperature to have practical bonding strength.

Abstract: A method of room-temperature bonding a plurality of substrates via an intermediate member, includes: forming the intermediate member on a surface to be bonded of the substrate by physically sputtering a plurality of targets; and activating the surface to be bonded by an ion beam. In this case, it is preferable that the target composed of a plurality of types of materials is physically sputtered. Since the materials of the intermediate member are sputtered from the plurality of targets arranged in various directions from the surface to be bonded of the substrate, the intermediate member can be uniformly formed on the surface to be bonded. Further, since the intermediate member is composed of the plurality of types of materials, the room-temperature bonding of substrates difficult to bond together when an intermediate member is composed of a single type of material can be performed without heating and excessively pressing the substrates during bonding.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of preparing a biological components-containing solution suitable for clinical proteome analysis by mass spectrometry, electrophoresis, liquid chromatography or the like and an apparatus for the method.

Abstract: A power converter is composed of a switching circuit including a bipolar transistor for switching a DC power input. A SiGe heterobipolar transistor is used as the aforementioned bipolar transistor. The high speed switching characteristics of the SiGe heterobipolar transistor effectively reduces loss of the power converter.

Abstract: A DC/DC converter is comprised of a bipolar transistor, an inductor, a smoothing capacitor, an input terminal, an output terminal, and a grounded terminal. A base of the transistor includes a silicon germanium layer. The bipolar transistor has a high switching speed and a low on-state voltage through an optimization of a structure of the transistor.

Abstract: A DC/DC converter is comprised of a bipolar transistor, an inductor, a smoothing capacitor, an input terminal, an output terminal, and a grounded terminal. A base of the transistor includes a silicon germanium layer. The bipolar transistor has a high switching speed and a low on-state voltage through an optimization of a structure of the transistor.

Abstract: A DC/DC converter is comprised of a bipolar transistor, an inductor, a smoothing capacitor, an input terminal, an output terminal, and a grounded terminal. A base of the transistor includes a silicon germanium layer. The bipolar transistor has a high switching speed and a low on-state voltage through an optimization of a structure of the transistor.

Abstract: A therapeutic drug for psychoneurotic disorders, which is useful for therapies of psychoneurotic disorders, especially restless legs syndrome is disclosed. The therapeutic drug for psychoneurotic disorders according to the present invention comprises as an effective ingredient an opioid &kgr; receptor agonist compound (excluding pentazocine) such as (−)-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3,14&bgr;-dihydroxy-4,5&agr;-epoxy-6&bgr;[N-methyl-trans-3-(3-furyl)acrylamide]morphinan hydrochloric acid salt.

Abstract: The invention is a medicine for improving retinal functions comprising a protein that improves ERG (electroretinogram) recordings. Particularly, a medicine containing tissue-factor-pathway inhibitor-2 or placental protein 5 as the active ingredient can be used for ophthalmic diseases such as glaucoma, occlusion disease of the retinal and choroidal vessels and retinal dysfunctions, as a medicine for improving retinal functions.

Abstract: This invention provides an antipruritc comprising an opiate &kgr; receptor agonist as an effective component, a new morphinan quaternary ammonium salt derivative and a new morphinan-N-oxide derivative which are useful in treating pruritus complicated with some diseases.

Abstract: This invention provides an antipruritic comprising an opiate &kgr; receptor agonist as an effective component, a new morphinan quaternary ammonium salt derivative and a new morphinan-N-oxide derivative which are useful in treating pruritus complicated with some diseases.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating retinal edema, particularly cystoid macular edema, employing interferon (IFN)-.alpha., IFN-.beta., or IFN-.gamma.. The IFN may be administered locally, orally, or parenterally.

Abstract: A therapeutic agent for various retinochoroidal diseases such as pigmentary retinal degeneration, retinopathy, maculopathy and retinal detachment is disclosed. The therapeutic agent for ophthalmic diseases according to the present invention comprises as an effective ingredient a retinal pigment epithelial cell growth factor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions containing human interleukin-6 with sugar chains, a process for preparing human interleukin-6 by culturing cells in a medium containing ascorbic acid or any of its derivatives, and a process for purifying a crude raw human interleukin-6 solution by chromatography using a carrier with heparin bound. The present invention has allowed the production of high quality human interleukin-6 compositions with sugar chains, and their application to medicines. Furthermore, it has established a process for massproducing human interleukin-6.