Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit can include a first voltage pad, a second voltage pad, and a voltage stabilizing unit that is connected between the first voltage pad and the second voltage pad. The first voltage pad can be connected to a first internal circuit, and the second voltage pad can be connected to a second internal circuit.

Abstract: A photoalignment method includes irradiating light in a first direction to a first alignment layer, and irradiating light in a second direction opposite the first direction, after disposing a first mask on the first alignment layer.

Abstract: A method for driving a display device includes: dividing an entire gray-scale region corresponding to a data gray scale into a first gray-scale region and a second gray-scale region and setting a first gamma value of the first gray-scale region and a second gamma value of the second gray-scale region, the first gamma value being smaller than the second gamma value; providing a first gray-scale display voltage corresponding to the data gray scale to a display panel during a first section of one horizontal period by using the first gamma value or the second gamma value selected by an inputted data gray scale; and providing a second gray-scale display voltage corresponding to a black gray scale to the display panel during a second section of the one horizontal period.

Abstract: A driving section for a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel not requiring color filters supplies the LCD panel with a plurality of first image signals based on an original image signal during a plurality of first, equal-length field intervals of a frame and also provides a second image signal for enhancing luminance during a second field interval that is longer than the first time interval. The 4-field driving method supplies RGBW data so that the field time interval for a white data is assured thereby improving response speed, charging ratio and transmittance of the liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: In a optically compensated bend (OCB) liquid crystal display, an impulsive voltage is applied to a pixel between applications of normal data voltages for displaying an image, and the impulsive voltage and the normal data voltage are controlled to prevent breaking of the bending alignment of the (OCB) liquid crystals. Accordingly, luminance of the liquid crystal display can be improved. When the normal data voltage of 0V is applied, the impulsive voltage at which the bending alignment of OCB liquid crystal is broken is set to the impulsive voltage at (for, corresponding to) the highest gray. There occurs a broken region (0-VB) where the bending alignment of the OCB liquid crystal is broken at a predetermined range that is higher than 0V. A voltage that is higher than the highest voltage (VB) of the broken region is set to a white voltage. Accordingly, luminance of the OCB liquid crystal display can be enhanced.

Abstract: A rail-to-rail amplifier includes an NMOS type amplification unit configured to perform an amplification operation on differential input signals in a domain in which DC levels of the differential input signals are higher than a first threshold value, a PMOS type folded-cascode amplification unit configured to perform an amplification operation on the differential input signals in a domain in which the DC levels of the differential input signals are lower than a second threshold value which is higher than the first threshold value, the PMOS type folded-cascode amplification unit being cascade-coupled to the NMOS type amplification unit, and an adaptive biasing unit configured to interrupt a current path of the PMOS type folded-cascode amplification unit in a domain in which the DC levels of the differential input signals are higher than the second threshold value in response to the differential input signals.

Abstract: In a display apparatus, a first display substrate includes a common electrode to which a common voltage is applied. A second display substrate facing the first display substrate includes a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode. The first and second pixel electrodes formed in one pixel region are spaced apart from and insulated from each other. A first data voltage having a first polarity with reference to the common voltage is applied to the first pixel electrode, and a second data voltage having a second polarity different from the first polarity with reference to the common voltage is applied to the second pixel electrode. Thus, a fringe field is formed between the first and second display substrates and a lateral field is formed in the second display substrate, thereby improving a transmittance and a response speed of the display apparatus.

Abstract: An output driver includes: a pull-up signal generation unit configured to control a pulse width of first data and output a pull-up pre-drive signal; a pull-down signal generation unit configured to control a pulse width of second data and output a pull-down pre-drive signal; a pull-up pre-driver unit configured to receive the pull-up pre-drive signal and generate a pull-up main drive signal; a pull-down pre-driver unit configured to receive the pull-down pre-drive signal and generate a pull-down main drive signal; a pull-up main driver unit configured to charge an output node according to the pull-up main drive signal; and a pull-down main driver unit configured to discharge the output node according to the pull-down main drive signal.

Abstract: A display device includes: a first panel having a pixel region including a pixel electrode therein; a second panel having a common electrode facing the first panel; a liquid crystal layer having vertically aligned liquid crystal molecules interposed between the first and second panels; a first alignment layer disposed on the pixel electrode; and a second alignment layer disposed on the common electrode. At least one of the pixel electrode and the common electrode has a micro slit pattern. At least one of the first and second alignment layers divides the pixel region into domains, is formed to have pretilt directions corresponding to a given domain, and pretilts the vertically aligned liquid crystal molecules in the given domain. A direction of summed horizontal components of a fringe field at an edge of the pixel region is substantially equal to a direction of summed horizontal components of a pretilt direction of the at least one of the first and second alignment layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes first and second thin film transistors, a pixel electrode including a first cutout and an inclination direction determining member and connected to the first thin film transistor, a direction controlling electrode connected to the second thin film transistor, a first storage electrode overlapping with the pixel electrode and the direction controlling electrode and applied with a first storage electrode signal having a first voltage, and second storage electrode overlapping with the direction controlling electrode to receive a second storage electrode signal having a second voltage that periodically changes.

Abstract: A termination resistance circuit includes a control signal generator for generating a control signal whose logical value changes when a calibration code has a predetermined value, a plurality of parallel resistors which are respectively turned on/off in response to the calibration code, and a resistance value changing unit for changing the total resistance value of the termination resistance circuit in response to the control signal.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display device is disclosed. One embodiment of the organic light emitting display device includes a substrate member in which a plurality of pixel regions are arranged, and a plurality of thin film transistors which are formed on the pixels regions, respectively. The device also includes a data line which is arranged along one side edge of each of the pixel region and a common power source line which is arranged along the other side edge of each of the plurality of pixel regions and is substantially parallel to the data line. The device further includes a first pixel electrode which is electrically connected to one of the plurality of thin film transistors and is formed in each region of the pixel regions. The device also includes an organic film which is formed on the first pixel electrode, and a second pixel electrode which is formed on the organic film. One side edge of the first pixel electrode which is close to the data line is overlapped with the data line.

Abstract: An internal voltage generator includes: a detection unit configured to detect a level of an internal voltage in comparison to a reference voltage; a first driving unit configured to discharge an internal voltage terminal, through which the internal voltage is outputted, in response to an output signal of the detection unit; a current detection unit configured to detect a discharge current flowing through the first driving unit; and a second driving unit configured to charge the internal voltage terminal in response to an output signal of the current detection unit.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory apparatus includes non-inversion repeaters that non-invert data and output the inverted data; and inversion repeaters that invert data and output the inverted data. The non-inversion repeaters or the inversion repeaters are arranged on a first data line and a second data line at a predetermined distance, respectively, which are parallel with each other and the most adjacent to each other and the non-inversion repeater or the inversion repeater is arranged at first positions corresponding to the first data line and the second data line, respectively. The non-inversion repeaters are arranged on one of the first data line and the second data line while the inversion repeaters are arranged on the other first data line and the second data line, at second positions except for the first arrangement positions of positions corresponding to the first data line and the second data line, respectively.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a swing level shifting unit configured to use a first power supply voltage as a power supply voltage, receive a CML clock swinging around a first voltage level, and shift a swing reference voltage level of the CML clock to a second voltage level lower than the first voltage level, and a CML clock transfer buffering unit configured to use a second power supply voltage as a power supply voltage and buffer the CML clock, which is transferred from the swing level shifting unit and swings around the second voltage level.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a swing level shifting unit configured to use a first power supply voltage as a power supply voltage, receive a CML clock swinging around a first voltage level, and shift a swing reference voltage level of the CML clock to a second voltage level lower than the first voltage level, and a CML clock transfer buffering unit configured to use a second power supply voltage as a power supply voltage and buffer the CML clock, which is transferred from the swing level shifting unit and swings around the second voltage level.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel having improved optical transmissivity and viewing angle includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate includes a first base substrate, a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines, and a pixel electrode. The gate lines and the data lines are disposed on the first base substrate and cross each other. The pixel electrode includes a first pixel electrode part and a second pixel electrode part disposed on the first base substrate and inclined in a different direction from each other with respect to the gate lines. The second substrate includes a second base substrate and a common electrode disposed on the second base substrate and alternately positioned with the pixel electrode.

Abstract: A data output circuit includes a serial data output unit for outputting a plurality of parallel data as serial data according to an operation mode, an internal information output unit for outputting internal information data according to the operation mode, and a buffering unit for receiving the serial data and the internal information data through an identical input end and buffering the received data.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a display panel, a first alignment member is formed on a first substrate. Liquid crystal is sealed between the first substrate and a second substrate opposite to the first substrate. Then, an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal to align the liquid crystal. Ultraviolet light is irradiated onto the first alignment member to form a second alignment member while applying the electric field to the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A wide variety of different alignment polar angles can be created in the alignment layers of a liquid crystal display with just a small number of UV exposure steps by using one or a combination of overlappable UV masks, where the one or more combinations of overlappable UV masks simultaneously define a maximal transmission region, an intermediate transmission region and a nontransmitting (blocking) region. UV rays are irradiated through masks in different irradiation directions while the mask or masks are disposed in different orientations.