Abstract: Provided is a fuel cell apparatus having a gas permeation mechanism for spontaneously controlling the supply amount of oxidizer from a reduced amount to an amount sufficient for normal operation after a reduction process at the time of activation. The fuel cell apparatus includes a control portion for controlling a potential difference between a fuel electrode and an oxidizer electrode to such a value as to reduce an oxide film of a catalyst used in the oxidizer electrode, and a gas permeation mechanism provided in a flow path through which supplied air flows, wherein the gas permeation mechanism includes a member which allows a gas permeation rate to be controlled depending on surrounding environment.

Abstract: A cell unit voltage is controlled such that a hydrogen production reaction is caused to occur in an oxidizer electrode, thereby allowing a current corresponding to a moving amount of protons, which is larger than a diffusion limiting current, to pass through a fuel cell. As a result, regardless of a supply amount of an oxidizer, a current larger than a limiting current of a fuel cell reaction is allowed to flow.

Abstract: A casing of a fuel cell system is divided into a module area, a fluid supply area, and an electric parts area. The fluid supply area is provided on a first side surface of the module area, and an electric parts area is provided on a second side surface of the module area. A fuel cell module and a combustor are provided in the module area.

Abstract: An anisotropic conductive material prevents conduction resistance from varying among bumps or among linear terminals when connecting an IC chip or a flexible wire to a wiring board via the anisotropic conductive material. The anisotropic conductive material is formed by dispersing conductive particles in an insulating binder. The minimum melt viscosity [?0] thereof is in a range of from 1×102 to 1×106 mPa·sec, and satisfies the following equation (1): 1<[?1]/[?0]?3??(1) where in the equation (1), [?0] represents the minimum melt viscosity of the anisotropic conductive material, and [?1] represents a melt viscosity at a temperature T1 which is 30° C. lower than a temperature T0 at which the minimum melt viscosity is exhibited.

Abstract: A casing of a fuel cell system is divided into a module area, a first fluid supply area, a second fluid supply area, and an electric parts area. The first fluid supply area is provided on a first side surface of the module area, and an electric parts area is provided on a second side surface of the module area. The second fluid supply area is provided under a bottom surface of the module area. A fuel cell module and a combustor are provided in the module area.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack in which at least one of a plurality of fuel cell units constituting a fuel cell stack includes a water absorbing member with a surface exposed to the atmosphere in a portion where an oxidizer flow path forming member and a separator are in contact with each other, and an area of a surface exposed to the atmosphere of the water absorbing member of the fuel cell unit the temperature of which becomes relatively lower is larger than an area of a surface exposed to the atmosphere of the water absorbing member of the fuel cell unit the temperature of which becomes relatively higher.

Abstract: A plurality of permanent magnets are provided at a rotor at equal angular intervals. A plurality of magneto coils are provided at a stator at unequal angular intervals. The number of the plurality of magneto coils is not a multiple of three. The plurality of magneto coils include U-phase magneto coils, V-phase magneto coils and W-phase magneto coils. The U-phase magneto coils are arranged and connected such that phases of currents passing through the U-phase magneto coils are equal. The V-phase magneto coils are arranged and connected such that phases of currents passing through the V-phase magneto coils are equal. The W-phase magneto coils are arranged and connected such that phases of currents passing through the W-phase magneto coils are equal.

Abstract: A method for producing propylene oxide in which the concentration of an organic peroxide in a reaction solution after an epoxidation step is from 20 to 5,000 ppm by weight based on the amount excluding propylene in the reaction solution, the method comprising an epoxidation step of reacting an organic peroxide with propylene in the presence of a catalyst to obtain propylene oxide and an alcohol, a propylene recovery step of recovering the unreacted propylene in the epoxidation step and recycling the resulting propylene as a raw material of the epoxidation step, and a propylene oxide purification step of distilling the propylene oxide obtained in the epoxidation step to obtain purified propylene oxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal material, method for producing the liquid crystal material, and liquid crystal device thereof which shows low light absorption in the ultraviolet light region. A compound of formula (I) wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl group which is optionally interposed with one or more oxygen or sulphur atoms, Y is independently selected from oxygen or sulphur, n is an integer of from 2 to 8, X is a direct bond, C1-4alkylene or C2-4alkenylene, and A is selected from a various specified ring structures. The liquid crystal material (compounds) are of low birefringence and are U.V. stable and are useful in liquid crystal devices that need low birefringence such as reflective displays, or which are exposed to high levels of U.V. light such as phosphor display cells.

Abstract: A pet toilet 10 having a toilet box 13, a drainboard 14 partitioning the toilet box into an upper compartment and a lower compartment, an excreta treating material 15 laid in the upper compartment, and an urine absorbent member 11 laid in the lower compartment. The drainboard is an integral structure formed of a plurality of longitudinally extending ribs 17 spaced parallel with each other and a plurality of transversely extending ribs 18a and 18b intersecting the longitudinally extending ribs 17 and spaced parallel with each other to have drain holes 12. Each drain hole 12 has a longitudinal dimension S2 at least twice its transverse dimension S. The transversely extending ribs include ribs 18a with a smaller height H1 from the drainboard surface 14a downward and ribs 18b with a larger height H2 from the drainboard surface 14a downward, the ribs 18a and the ribs 18b alternating with each other.

Abstract: A process for producing a titanium-containing silicon oxide catalyst, which comprises the following steps A and B; a catalyst obtainable by the process; and a process for producing an olefin oxide using the catalyst.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack in which at least one of a plurality of fuel cell units constituting a fuel cell stack includes a water absorbing member with a surface exposed to the atmosphere in a portion where an oxidizer flow path forming member and a separator are in contact with each other, and an area of a surface exposed to the atmosphere of the water absorbing member of the fuel cell unit the temperature of which becomes relatively lower is larger than an area of a surface exposed to the atmosphere of the water absorbing member of the fuel cell unit the temperature of which becomes relatively higher.

Abstract: Provided is a method for storing a high active titanium-containing silicon oxide catalyst, characterized in that the catalyst is stored at a relative humidity of 60% or less. The method can be used for a reaction, for example, wherein an oxirane compound is prepared from hydroperoxide and olefinic compound, even after the catalyst has been stored for a long period of time. The titanium-containing silicon oxide catalyst can be suitably employed as a catalyst satisfying the following requirements: (1) an average pore diameter is 10 ? or more, (2) the pores accounting for 90% or more of the total pore volume have a pore diameter of 50 to 200 ?, and (3) a specific pore volume is 0.2 cm cm3/g or more.

Abstract: In a method for detecting the freezing of water within a fuel cell, precise detection can be performed using a phenomenon specific to the time when water starts to freeze to allow a reduction in erroneous activation. Detection at an early stage after the start of freezing is allowed, and hence measures can be taken against an output reduction before the water within the fuel cell completely freezes.

Abstract: A conductance at an oxidizer flow path forming member is defined as C1, a conductance at an opening portion of the oxidizer flow path forming member at which an oxidizer flow rate regulating portion is arranged is defined as C2, the conductances have a relationship of C1>C2. Further, the fuel cell stack has at least one inner fuel cell unit having a value of C1/C2 which is larger than values of C1/C2 of fuel cell units located at both ends of the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A pet toilet 10 having a toilet box 13, a drainboard 14 partitioning the toilet box into an upper compartment and a lower compartment, an excreta treating material 15 laid in the upper compartment, and an urine absorbent member 11 laid in the lower compartment. The drainboard is an integral structure formed of a plurality of longitudinally extending ribs 17 spaced parallel with each other and a plurality of transversely extending ribs 18a and 18b intersecting the longitudinally extending ribs 17 and spaced parallel with each other to have drain holes 12. Each drain hole 12 has a longitudinal dimension S2 at least twice its transverse dimension S1. The transversely extending ribs include ribs 18a with a smaller height H1 from the drainboard surface 14a downward and ribs 18b with a larger height H2 from the drainboard surface 14a downward, the ribs 18a and the ribs 18b alternating with each other.

Abstract: A process for the production of cumene, which comprises producing cumene from cumyl alcohol and hydrogen with a dehydration catalyst and a hydrogenation catalyst, wherein the dehydration catalyst and hydrogenation catalyst are alternately packed so as to form n layers (n is an integer of 3 or more) or are packed as a mixture thereof in a reactor.

Abstract: There is provided a method for stopping power generation of fuel cell system including: a fuel cell having a fuel electrode and an oxidizer electrode; a fuel container; and a fuel flow path for supplying a fuel from the fuel container to the fuel cell, which enables suppression of a pressure difference between the fuel electrode and the oxidizer electrode during a stop state of an operation of the fuel cell, the method including the steps of, during the stop state of the operation of the fuel cell: stopping supply of the fuel from the fuel container to the fuel cell; consuming a residual fuel in the fuel flow path by short-circuiting the fuel electrode and the oxidizer electrode or connecting a load between the fuel electrode and the oxidizer electrode; and opening the fuel flow path to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A decomposition processing method for ethylene oxide is provided for when concentration of the ethylene oxide to be decomposed in a gas varies. The method comprises steps of reducing the concentration of ethylene oxide in the gas to a predetermined concentration which is less than the highest concentration of the ethylene oxide in the range of the variation, adsorbing ethylene oxide to a photocatalyst which has ethylene oxide adsorbing ability, and decomposing ethylene oxide by action of one of the photocatalyst and a combination of the photocatalyst and plasma. The adsorbing step and decomposing step are conducted after the reducing step.

Abstract: A fuel cell system capable of controlling a fuel cell at a time of starting and at a time of stopping with a simple structure and capable of controlling the influence of the outside air temperature of the use environment. The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell including a power generating portion including a fuel electrode and an oxidizer electrode, for performing power generation based on a fuel supplied from a fuel tank; and a switch provided between the fuel electrode and the oxidizer electrode so as to connect and disconnect a resistor between and with the fuel electrode and the oxidizer electrode. The switching of the connection and disconnection of the resistor by the switch is performed based on at least one temperature difference between two of the power generating portion of the fuel cell, the fuel tank, and outside air.