Abstract: An organic compound represented by General Formula (1), in which, in General Formula (1), R1 represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, X1 and X2 are each independently selected from an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or an aralkyl group which may have a substituent, and A1? and A2? each independently represent a monovalent anion.

Abstract: In a substrate processing apparatus, a storage device, an indexer block, a processing block and an interface block are arranged to line up in this order. The storage device includes a plurality of openers on which a carrier storing a plurality of substrates can be placed. The carrier is carried in the storage device. In the storage device, the carrier is transported among the plurality of openers by a transport device. The transport device includes first and second hands configured to be able to hold the carrier and move in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction. The second hand is provided below the first hand.

Abstract: An electrochromic apparatus includes an electrochromic element comprising a pair of electrodes and an electrochromic layer disposed between the pair of electrodes; and drive circuits connected to the electrochromic element, the drive circuits including a drive circuit A and a drive circuit B, in which, when no voltage is applied in a pulse width modulation (PWM) drive of the drive circuit A, a resistance value of the drive circuit A is larger than a resistance value of the electrochromic element, and in which when no voltage is applied in a PWM drive of the drive circuit B, the pair of electrodes is short-circuited.

Abstract: An electrochromic composition has an anodic electrochromic compound and a cathodic electrochromic compound, in which the anodic electrochromic compound is represented by General Formula [1] and the cathodic electrochromic compound is represented by General Formula [2] In General Formula 1, A1 to A4 represent substituents, R1 and R2, and R20 and R21 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. n is an integer of 1 to 5. X represents a thiophene derivative and Y- represents an anion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a driving device for an electrochromic device, the driving device including a controller. An electrochromic device has a characteristic region in which a change in a Duty ratio from a to b brings a change in the light transmittance of the electrochromic device from TA to TB and in which a change in the Duty ratio from b to a brings a change in the light transmittance of the electrochromic device from TC different from TB to TD different from TA, and the a controller controls the electrochromic device such that a Duty ratio employed in the case where the light transmittance of the electrochromic device is decreased to the intended light transmittance T1 is different from a Duty ratio employed in the case where the light transmittance of the electrochromic device is increased to the intended light transmittance T1.

Abstract: An electrochromic apparatus includes an electrochromic element comprising a pair of electrodes and an electrochromic layer disposed between the pair of electrodes; and drive circuits connected to the electrochromic element, the drive circuits including a drive circuit A and a drive circuit B, in which when no voltage is applied in PWM drive of the drive circuit A, a resistance value of the drive circuit A is larger than a resistance value of the electrochromic element, and in which when no voltage is applied in PWM drive of the drive circuit B, the pair of electrodes is short-circuited.

Abstract: A fuel cell module includes a first area where an exhaust gas combustor and a start-up combustor are provided, an annular second area around the first area where a heat exchanger is provided, an annular third area around the second area where a reformer is provided, an annular fourth area around the third area where an evaporator is provided, and a first partition member provided between the first area and the second area. The first partition member has a combustion gas hole for allowing the combustion gas to flow from the first area to the second area. A baffle circular member is provided inside the first partition member, between the exhaust gas combustor and the start-up combustor.

Abstract: A fuel cell module includes a first area where an exhaust gas combustor and a start-up combustor are provided, an annular second area around the first area and where a reformer and an evaporator are provided, and an annular third area around the second area and where a heat exchanger is provided. The exhaust gas combustor and the start-up combustor are provided coaxially with and separately away from each other.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic element having: a pair of electrodes; an electrochromic layer which is provided between the pair of electrodes and has an electrolyte and an electrochromic material; and a spacer which surrounds a periphery of the electrochromic layer, the element having a change mechanism that changes a thickness of the electrochromic layer.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for driving an electrochromic element having an excellent operating performance, which is capable of controlling, during a transitional state in which a light transmittance changes, a speed and period of the transitional state, the apparatus for driving an electrochromic element being configured to perform, when an absorbance of an electrochromic element is to be increased from a current absorbance to a target absorbance, before normal drive of driving the electrochromic element at a duty ratio (D1) for maintaining the target absorbance, accelerated drive of driving the electrochromic element at a duty ratio (D2) larger than the duty ratio (D1).

Abstract: A pet toilet includes an outer and inner container. A lower outer sidewall portion having a lower sidewall provided on a sidewall of the outer container, and a lower inner sidewall portion having a lower sidewall provided on a sidewall of the inner container. The outer and inner containers are movable. A pet entrance that is lower than an adjacent sidewall formed by arranging the inner container into the outer container, such that the position of the lower outer sidewall portion matches the position of the lower inner sidewall portion. Further, the lower outer sidewall portion is closed by the sidewall of the inner container and the lower inner sidewall portion is closed by the sidewall of the outer container by arranging the inner container into the outer container, such that the position of the lower outer sidewall portion does not match the position of the lower inner sidewall portion.

Abstract: A fuel cell module includes a first area where an exhaust gas combustor and a start-up combustor are provided, an annular second area around the first area and where a reformer and an evaporator are provided, and an annular third area around the second area and where a heat exchanger is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic compound represented by the following general formula [1], the organic compound having high solubility in a polar solvent used in an EC device, high transparency in the bleached state and high stability against repetition of an oxidation-reduction reaction.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus capable of executing loop playback of a video from a start position desired by a system user without requiring setting thereof in advance. A button displayed on a console section shifts a playback position of the video to a desired position according to an operation by a user. A comparative determination section determines whether or not a shifted playback position shifted backward. When the shifted playback position shifted backward, a video controller stores the shifted playback position as a start position of a loop playback section and the playback position before being shifted as an end position of the same, and gives an instruction for controlling loop playback of the loop playback section defined by the start position and the end position.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic compound represented by the following general formula [1], the organic compound having high solubility in a polar solvent used in an EC device, high transparency in the bleached state and high stability against repetition of an oxidation-reduction reaction.

Abstract: A method for producing propylene oxide in which the concentration of an organic peroxide in a reaction solution after an epoxidation step is from 20 to 5,000 ppm by weight based on the amount excluding propylene in the reaction solution, the method comprising an epoxidation step of reacting an organic peroxide with propylene in the presence of a catalyst to obtain propylene oxide and an alcohol, a propylene recovery step of recovering the unreacted propylene in the epoxidation step and recycling the resulting propylene as a raw material of the epoxidation step, and a propylene oxide purification step of distilling the propylene oxide obtained in the epoxidation step to obtain purified propylene oxide.

Abstract: An actuator includes a pair of electrodes facing each other, an intermediate layer containing an ionic liquid and arranged between the pair of electrodes, the electrodes and the intermediate layer being deformed when a potential difference larger than a potential window of the ionic liquid is applied between the electrodes, and insulating layers that suppress direct contact between ions of the ionic liquid and the electrodes, the insulating layers being arranged between the intermediate layer and the electrodes.

Abstract: A difference is arisen in the electric potential of the electrode layer between a fixed end portion and a displacement end portion of an actuator. The electrode layer includes a bundle of polymer fibers containing a conductive material. Longitudinal directions of the polymer fibers are arranged parallel to a direction from the fixed portion to the displacement end portion of the actuator.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a display unit for displaying a moving image indicating a maintenance procedure. When a moving image is stopped, a CPU 101 displays one or more operation marks for operating the stopped moving image on the display unit by overlapping with the moving image, and hides all of the operation marks when a certain period of time elapses from display of the operation mark. If all of the operation marks are hidden during when the moving image is stopped, the CPU redisplays the operation mark in response to a user operation. If one operation mark is displayed during when the moving image is stopped, the CPU reproduces the stopped moving image in response to a user operation.

Abstract: The present invention provides an actuator large in the amounts of displacement and generative force. The actuator includes a pair of electrode layers and an electrolyte-containing electrolyte layer interposed between the pair of electrode layers, and transforms upon application of a voltage thereto to cause ions in the electrolyte to migrate, wherein the electrolyte layer includes at least one polymer fiber layer made of polymer fibers and at least some of the polymer fibers of the polymer fiber layer are uniaxially oriented within a plane of the electrolyte layer.