Abstract: Provided are symbol-error-correctable modulation and demodulation methods and apparatuses using a frequency selective baseband.

Abstract: There are provided a human body sound transmission system and a method. The human body sound transmission system according to an aspect of the present invention directly or indirectly contacts a human body to apply coupled signals of high frequency sound signals with high frequency signals, which recover sound signals from the high frequency sound signals, to the human body and transmit the sound signals using the human body as a transmission medium, wherein a magnitude of the sound signals recovered around a human's ear is increased in proportion to the number of signals transmitted through the human body by transmitting the plurality of signals including the same sound signals through the human body.

Abstract: Provided are a human body communication apparatus for non-contact communications using a frequency-selective baseband and a human body communication method for non-contact communications in the same. The human body communication apparatus may be useful to perform stable communications between users by reducing interference induced from other communication apparatuses without affecting interference between the users since data are transmitted/received between communication apparatuses adjacent to a human body by spreading and despreading the data using only spreading codes of a limited frequency band (frequency-selective baseband) in which an inductive electromagnetic field formed by an antenna shows the most effective characteristics.

Abstract: A Time Division Duplex (TDD) communication apparatus and an operation method thereof can provide operation clock signals in the transmission and reception of the TDD communication apparatus using a Clock Recovery & Data Retiming (CDR) circuit, thereby stabilizing an operation without any crystal oscillator and reducing the power consumption. In a transmission time interval, a transmitting frame is processed using a clock signal of a reference frequency generated from the CDR circuit. In a reception time interval, a receiving frame is processed using a clock signal recovered from the receiving frame by the CDR circuit.

Abstract: Provided are a frequency modulation/demodulation apparatus using a frequency selective baseband and a transmitting/receiving apparatus using the same. In a frequency selective baseband transmission technique or an FS-CDMA technique, a transmission rate is controlled according to communication channel environment, spread code groups are repeatedly selected in a receiving side so as to obtain a frequency diversity gain. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce interference between users. In addition, even in a case where strong interference induced from electronic exists, it is possible to implement low-power, stable human-body communication and to ensure a communication quality.

Abstract: There is provided a human body communication method and system using a frequency-selective baseband in order to transmit and receive data between communication devices that are coupled to a human body by using the human body as a communication channel. The human body communication method and system may be useful to maximize an efficiency of the frequency-selective spreading technology to enhance a processing gain of the Walsh code technology, and thus to reduce the interference between human bodies of users by adaptively selecting a frequency band of Walsh codes that are used for data communications according to the human body channel characteristics and the noise environments that are varied according to the ambient environments, and also construct a low-power and stable human body communication when there is a strong interference induced from other electronic equipments.

Abstract: There is provided a communication method using a human body as a medium. A modulation apparatus using a frequency selective baseband according to an aspect of the invention may include: a serial-to-parallel conversion unit converting serial data supplied from an upper layer into parallel data consisting of M+1 number of data input bits; and a frequency selective spreader selecting one subgroup among a plurality of subgroups obtained by dividing 2N number (where N is a positive integer) of spreading codes used for frequency spreading by 2M (where M is a positive integer, and M<N is satisfied), and selecting and outputting one spreading code among 2M number of spreading codes of the one subgroup by using the M number of data input bits, and spreading codes obtained by performing bit circular shifts on the 2M number of spreading codes.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic light emitting device in which a layer having a refractive index in the range of 1.3 to 3 is further formed on an upper electrode of at least one region of regions through which rays having red, green, and blue colors are passed and a method of manufacturing the organic light emitting device. An optical length that can cause the microcavity effect according to the type of color of emitted light is controlled by using the layer to manufacture the organic light emitting device having high light emitting efficiency.

Abstract: There is provided a chair and multimedia player comprising a sound transmission apparatus performing human-body communications. The chair and multimedia player comprise at least one sound transmission apparatus, wherein the sound transmission apparatus is disposed in a surface of the chair and multimedia player to allow a user to hear a sound signal when the user is in contact with or adjacent to the surface, and the sound transmission apparatus generates a composite signal including a sound signal and a demodulation signal restoring only the sound signal from the composite signal and outputs the generated composite signal and demodulation signal into a human body in order to restore the sound signal within the vicinity of the ears of the user.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for providing a media advertisement service using human body communication, including: conductive contact part for contact with a human body; a control part configured to detect human body contact of a user with the conductive contact part and acquire user-contact-associated contents, the user-contact-associated-contents being contents associated with an advertisement selected by the human body contact of the user; and a human body communication part configured to convert the acquired user-contact-associated contents into a signal for human body communication and send the signal to a user terminal via the conductive contact part and a user's body.

Abstract: An adaptive frequency selective baseband communications method using orthogonal codes includes: a communications testing step of performing communications by using one of a plurality of codes each having a different frequency band; a proper code selecting step of selecting a proper code by using a correlation value of a plurality of codes included in test data transmitted in the communications testing step; a communications performing step of performing communications by using the proper code; and a feedback step of newly selecting a proper code by using the correlation value of the plurality of codes included in the test data transmitted in the communications performing step if a pre-set time duration has lapsed or if a reception error of more than a pre-set reference occurs, and performing the communications performing step again, wherein the test data transmitted in the communications testing step and the communications performing step includes a plurality of codes each having a different frequency band.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for generating a ranging binary code sequence at a high-speed, and a method thereof. The apparatus includes: an initial register value generator for generating initial register values of minimum valid ranging codes; a storage for storing the generated initial register values of the valid ranging codes(?K, where K is the ranging value transmitted by base station); a binary code sequence generator for generating a binary code sequence of a corresponding ranging code; and a procedure for incrementally updating the initial register values as receiving the new ranging code from base station.

Abstract: There is provided a human body communication system including: a wireless capsule injected into the body to acquire image information of the interior of the body and transmitting a signal with respect to the acquired information to the outside of the body from the inside of the body by using an electrode; and a portable data recorder performing, from the outside of the body, RF communication with the wireless capsule by the medium of the body, receiving the signal transmitted from the wireless capsule through an electrode in contact with the human body, processing the received signal into RF data, and storing the RF data.

Abstract: A frequency selective digital transmission apparatus includes: a preamble transmission processing unit generating a preamble for frame synchronization and spreading the generated preamble with a predetermined spreading code; a header transmission processing unit configuring a header including data attribute information and spreading the header with a predetermined spreading code; a data transmission processing unit performing serial-to-parallel conversion on transmission data according to a selected transmission mode and a spreading scheme and spreading the same with a frequency selective spreading code; and a multiplexing unit multiplexing the preamble, the header, and the data which have been spread by the preamble transmission processing unit, the header transmission processing unit and the data transmission processing unit, respectively, and transmitting the same as digital signals.

Abstract: A human body communication system is provided. The human body communication system includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter transmits a frame including a preamble, which is a Manchester-encoded pseudo noise (PN) code, to the human body. The receiver receives the frame from the human body, performs Manchester-decoding on the frame, performs cross-correlation on the decoding result and the PN code, and performs frame synchronization using the cross-correlation result. Accordingly, clock and data recovery performance is improved. Efficient frame synchronization with reduced computation amount can be provided.

Abstract: Provided are a system and method for human body communication using a limited passband. The system includes a transmission frame generating unit for human body communication which generates a transmission frame for human body communication based on data information including user identification (ID) and data scrambled into an orthogonal code generated by the user ID; a symbol mapping unit for symbolizing the generated transmission frame for human body communication according to a predetermined modulating method; a spreading unit for spreading the symbol outputted in the symbol mapping unit; a waveform generating unit for generating a baseband signal whose band is limited to a predetermined range with respect to the data spread in the spreading unit; and a middle band transmitting unit for modulating the baseband signal into a predetermined limited passband signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for communicating a sound wave is provided. The apparatus includes: a sound wave converter converting a sound wave signal transmitted from a counter apparatus through the human body into an electrical signal when the sound wave is transmitted from the counter apparatus through the human body and converting an electrical signal on data to be output to the counter apparatus into a sound wave; a data processor receiving the converted electrical signal from the sound wave converter and transmitting an electrical signal on the data to be output to the sound wave converter when the data to be output exists; and a switch connected between the sound wave converter and the data processor, the switch transmitting the converted electrical signal to the data processor and transmitting the electrical signal on the data to be output to the sound wave converter. Accordingly, it is possible to efficiently transmit a signal with a low loss of sound wave signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing an organic light emitting device, comprising a step of sequentially forming on a substrate a first electrode formed of a metal, one or more organic material layers including a light emitting layer, and a second electrode, which comprises a step of forming a layer on the first electrode using a metal having the higher oxidation rate than the first electrode before forming the organic material layer, and to an organic light emitting device produced by the same.

Abstract: Provided are modulation and demodulation methods and apparatuses using a frequency selective baseband. The frequency modulation method includes: generating a plurality of subgroups by dividing 2N (N is a real number) spread codes used for frequency spreading into 2M (M<N, M is a real number) spread codes; selecting P(P is a real number) subgroups among the generated subgroups; acquiring P spread codes by inputting M data bits to each of the p subgroups so as for 1 spread code to be selected among the 2M spread codes of each subgroup; and selecting dominant value among the acquired P spread codes to generate transmitting data including the dominant value. Accordingly, it is possible to increase a processing gain of the entire system, to increase a transmission data rate, and to reduce power consumption of the system.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a signal at a variable data rate in human body communications. The apparatus includes a header generator, a data generator, a spreader, and a multiplexer. The header generator generates header information including a data rate. The data generator generates transmission data by repeating each data bit to be transmitted 0 to several times according to the data rate. The spreader spreads the transmission data using a spreading code in a desired frequency band. The multiplexer multiplexes the header information and the spread data.