Abstract: An apparatus for measuring fluid speed by using the refraction of light is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a channel in which a passage is formed to allow the flow of a fluid; a first and a second light source that are located in any one region of an upper part and a lower part of the channel; a sensor installed in an opposite region of the region where the first and second light sources are located with respect to the channel, to receive the light emitted from the first and second light sources; a speed calculation unit that calculates the speed of the fluid by using a time point at which the intensity of the light received at the sensor changes; and an adjustment unit that is connected to the channel and configured to adjust the flow speed of the fluid based on the calculated speed of the fluid.

Abstract: A display device includes a first base substrate including a light-emitting area and a non-light-emitting area around the light-emitting area, a wavelength conversion pattern on the first base substrate in the light-emitting area, and a light-emitting element layer on the wavelength conversion pattern. The light-emitting element layer includes a pixel electrode including a first conductive pattern between the wavelength conversion pattern and the first base substrate, and a second conductive pattern on the wavelength conversion pattern and spaced apart from the first conductive pattern, an organic light-emitting layer on the second conductive pattern, and a common electrode on the organic light-emitting layer.

Abstract: A power voltage generator includes a booster, a voltage sensor, a constant voltage controller and a constant current controller. The booster is configured to boost an input voltage to an output voltage based on an on-off operation of a switch. The voltage sensor is configured to generate a sensing voltage by sensing the output voltage. The constant voltage controller is configured to generate a first switching signal to control the switch by comparing the sensing voltage with a reference voltage. The constant current controller is configured to generate a gain based on a ratio of an electrode signal of the switch and a target signal by comparing the electrode signal of the switch with the target signal.

Abstract: A positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery including a lithium metal compound and a phosphorus (P)-containing compound on the surface of the lithium metal compound. A content of phosphorus (P) of the phosphorus-containing compound is about 0.1 atom % to about 10 atom % based on the total amount of elements on the surface of the positive active material. A method of preparing the same and rechargeable lithium battery including the same are also provided.

Abstract: A system for analyzing a semiconductor device includes an etching module, an analyzing module, and a computing module. The etching module may repeatedly etch an entire surface of a wafer at a same etch rate to expose a next surface of the wafer at a next depth where an object to be analyzed exits. The analyzing module may obtain two-dimensional structure information from each repeatedly etched surface of the wafer. The computing module may serially stack the repeatedly obtained two-dimensional structure information to generate a three-dimensional image.

Abstract: An automatic winding device includes a lower casing having a shaft, a bobbin rotatably disposed on the shaft, a wire wound around the bobbin, a spring having a first end secured to the shaft and a second end secured to the bobbin to provide a rotational force to the bobbin, a track cover coupled to the bobbin and having tracks formed thereon, a pin positioned between the bobbin and the track cover to control rotation of the bobbin, and a pin guide spring configured to press the pin toward the track cover. The track cover includes an inner track having a radius of curvature increased and decreased along the circumferential direction, an outer track spaced apart from the inner track, a connection track configured to connect the inner and outer tracks, and a stop track configured to connect the inner and outer tracks and to stop the pin.

Abstract: In an operating method of a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) including a transmission circuit and a reception circuit, the operating method includes receiving, from a modem, first information for setting transmission power of the transmission circuit or second information about a blocker which is a frequency signal unused by the RFIC, obtaining an allowable value of phase noise of a local oscillator included in the transmission circuit, using the first information, obtaining an allowable value of phase noise of a local oscillator included in the reception circuit, using the second information, determining a level of a driving voltage, using the obtained allowable values of the phase noises, and providing the driving voltage to the local oscillators.

Abstract: A vehicle control apparatus and a method for controlling the same are disclosed. The vehicle control apparatus includes an inputter, a determiner, and a controller. The inputter receives an automatic vehicle hold (AVH) switch operation signal from an AVH device, and receives a current vehicle movement value sensed by a sensing device and a current vehicle brake force value of a brake device that generates brake force in response to activation of the AVH device. The determiner determines whether the received AVH switch operation signal transitions from an ON state to an AVH entry state, determines whether vehicle movement occurs on the basis of the received current vehicle movement value during an AVH retention time in the AVH entry state, and determines that the current vehicle brake force value is in an abnormal state when vehicle movement occurs. The controller receives the current vehicle movement value and the current vehicle brake force value, and transmits a command for judgment to the determiner.

Abstract: A vehicle transmission system may include an engine outputting power from fuel combustion, a transmission coupled to the engine and including at least one clutch to control torque input from the engine, an supercharger compressing an intake air and supplying the compressed intake air to the engine, and a control unit, where, when a predetermined acceleration condition is satisfied, the control unit is configured to operate the supercharger and to control the transmission according to a transmission clutch stroke operation map corresponding to the operation of the electric supercharger, to vary an engagement speed of the clutch when the supercharger is operated.

Abstract: Provided is an aerosol generating apparatus including: a heater configured to generate aerosol by heating a cigarette, the heater including a first electrically conductive heating element formed along a first path on an electrically insulating substrate, a second electrically conductive heating element formed along a second path on the electrically insulating substrate, and a temperature sensor track formed along a third path in a region between the first path and the second path; a battery configured to supply power to the heater; and a controller configured to control the power supplied from the battery to the heater and monitor a temperature sensed using the temperature sensor track.

Abstract: Provided is an aerosol generating system including a holder configured to generate aerosol by heating a cigarette; and a cradle including an inner space into which the holder is inserted. The holder is configured to be tiltable with respect the cradle. The holder is inserted into the inner space of the cradle and then tilted to generate the aerosol.

Abstract: Provided is an aerosol generating system including a holder configured to generate aerosol by heating a cigarette; and a cradle including an inner space into which the holder is inserted. The holder is configured to be tiltable with respect the cradle. The holder is inserted into the inner space of the cradle and then tilted to generate the aerosol.

Abstract: Provided is an aerosol generating apparatus including: a main body into which a cigarette is inserted; a first electrically conductive pattern provided on a portion of the main body to function as one of a heater for heating the cigarette and a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature of the cigarette; a second electrically conductive pattern provided on another portion of the main body to function as one of the heater and the temperature sensor; and a controller controlling the first electrically conductive pattern and the second electrically conductive pattern to make the first electrically conductive pattern and the second electrically conductive pattern function as one of the heater and the temperature sensor.

Abstract: Provided is a device including: a battery configured to supply power; a heater configured to heat an aerosol generating material by receiving power from the battery; a sensor; at least one output unit; and a controller, wherein the controller detects a user's puff by using the sensor and controls at least one output unit based on puff characteristic data based on a result of the detection.

Abstract: Provided is an aerosol generating system including a holder configured to generate aerosol by heating a cigarette; and a cradle including an inner space into which the holder is inserted. The holder is configured to be tiltable with respect the cradle. The holder is inserted into the inner space of the cradle and then tilted to generate the aerosol.

Abstract: A vehicle transmission system may include an engine outputting power from fuel combustion, a transmission coupled to the engine and including at least one clutch to control torque input from the engine, an supercharger compressing an intake air and supplying the compressed intake air to the engine, and a control unit, where, when a predetermined acceleration condition is satisfied, the control unit is configured to operate the supercharger and to control the transmission according to a transmission clutch stroke operation map corresponding to the operation of the electric supercharger, to vary an engagement speed of the clutch when the supercharger is operated.

Abstract: Provided is an aerosol generating apparatus including: a heater configured to generate aerosol by heating a cigarette, the heater including a first electrically conductive heating element formed along a first path on an electrically insulating substrate, a second electrically conductive heating element formed along a second path on the electrically insulating substrate, and a temperature sensor track formed along a third path in a region between the first path and the second path; a battery configured to supply power to the heater; and a controller configured to control the power supplied from the battery to the heater and monitor a temperature sensed using the temperature sensor track.

Abstract: Provided is an aerosol generation device including: a case into which a cigarette is insertable; a heater arranged in the case and configured to heat the cigarette inserted into the case; a mainstream smoke passage connecting an internal end portion of the cigarette to the outside; and a vaporizer configured to heat a liquid composition to generate aerosol and deliver the aerosol to the mainstream smoke passage, wherein at least a portion of the mainstream smoke passage extends in a direction crossing a longitudinal direction of the cigarette.

Abstract: Disclosed are a negative electrode active material including lithium titanium oxide particles, wherein the lithium titanium oxide particles have an average particle diameter (D50) of 0.5-9 ?m, a specific surface area of 3-7 m2/g, and a pellet density of 1.7 g/cc or more under a pressure of 64 MPa, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.

Abstract: The present invention may provide a motor including a shaft, a rotor disposed outside the shaft, and a stator disposed outside the rotor, wherein the rotor includes a rotor core surrounding the shaft and a magnet disposed inside the rotor core, the rotor core includes a pocket in which the magnet is disposed, the rotor core is formed by stacking a plurality of plates, a lower end plate of the plurality of plates is disposed to cover at least a part of the pocket, and an upper end plate of the plurality of plates is disposed at a level higher than a level of the magnet.