Abstract: Disclosed is a method for ablating hyaluronan-based hydrogels with X-rays, the method comprising the steps of: (a) preparing hyaluronan-based hydrogels; and (b) performing X-ray irradiation to the hyaluronan-based hydrogels to induce a degradation of the hyaluronan-based hydrogels by a gel-to-sol transition during the X-ray irradiation. Disclosed is also a method for fabricating three-dimensional microchannels of hyaluronan hydrogels with a finely tunable X-ray ablation technique.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for remotely controlling a sol-gel transition of hydrogels and a method for delivering a drug using the same. More specifically, the invention relates to a method of remotely controlling a sol-gel transition of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-containing hydrogels—three-dimensional networks of crosslinked polymer chains—by X-ray irradiation, and relates to a method for delivering a drug using the same.

Abstract: Particles and manufacturing methods thereof are provided. The manufacturing method of the particle includes providing a precursor solution containing a precursor dissolved in a solution, and irradiating the precursor solution with a high energy and high flux radiation beam to convert the precursor to nano-particles. Particles with desired dispersion, shape, and size are manufactured without adding a stabilizer or surfactant to the precursor solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for modifying wettability of a surface of an inorganic material, the method comprising the steps of: preparing an inorganic material with a surface; and charging the surface of the inorganic material with positive surface charges obtained from photoelectron-emission by an X-ray irradiation to the surface of the inorganic material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of fabricating a micro hollow tube, more specifically, a method of fabricating a micro hollow tube by template-free localized electrochemical deposition, in which the micro hollow tube is fabricated by the accurate control of the distribution of the electric field strength during deposition with precise interplay of the applied voltage and the distance between the microelectrode and the grown structure.

Abstract: Provided is a method of bright-field imaging using x-rays in a sample to reveal lattice defects as well as structural inhomogeneities, the method comprising: (a) disposing a sample on a holder in the Laue transmission geometry and setting the sample to a single reflection in the Bragg diffraction; (b) projecting a beam of monochromatic x-rays on the sample; and (c) obtaining transmitted radiographic images and reversed diffracted images of the projected beam of monochromatic x-rays by the sample, respectively.

Abstract: Provided is a method of determining a three-dimensional distribution of structural defects in a single crystal material, the method comprising: (a) disposing a single crystal sample on a holder, the sample being set to a symmetric reflection in the Bragg Geometry; (b) projecting a beam of incident x-rays on a predetermined crystal plane in the sample and reflecting the x-rays while the sample is azimuthally rotating with respect to an normal axis, the normal axis being perpendicular to the predetermined crystal plane; (c) obtaining geometrical measured values of a two-dimensional configuration of defects on the detector plane of a CCD detector; and (d) determining the three-dimensional distribution of the defects in the sample by formulating a geometrical relation between a three-dimensional configuration of defects on the sample and the geometrical measured values of the two-dimensional configuration of defects on the detector plane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for remotely controlling a sol-gel transition of hydrogels and a method for delivering a drug using the same. More specifically, the invention relates to a method of remotely controlling a sol-gel transition of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-containing hydrogels—three-dimensional networks of crosslinked polymer chains—by X-ray irradiation, and relates to a method for delivering a drug using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a stable freestanding pure water film. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a stable freestanding pure water film by X-ray bombardment of a small pure water volume in a capillary tube, the X-ray bombardment evaporating the pure water volume to be a pure water thin film and at the same time charging the surface of the pure water thin film to be stabilized electrically.

Abstract: Provided is a method of determining a three-dimensional distribution of structural defects in a single crystal material, the method comprising: (a) disposing a single crystal sample on a holder, the sample being set to a symmetric reflection in the Bragg Geometry; (b) projecting a beam of incident x-rays on a predetermined crystal plane in the sample and reflecting the x-rays while the sample is azimuthally rotating with respect to an normal axis, the normal axis being perpendicular to the predetermined crystal plane; (c) obtaining geometrical measured values of a two-dimensional configuration of defects on the detector plane of a CCD detector; and (d) determining the three-dimensional distribution of the defects in the sample by formulating a geometrical relation between a three-dimensional configuration of defects on the sample and the geometrical measured values of the two-dimensional configuration of defects on the detector plane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of fabricating a micro hollow tube. More specifically, the invention relates to a method of fabricating a micro hollow tube by template-free localized electrochemical deposition, in which the micro hollow tube is fabricated by the accurate control of the distribution of the electric field strength during deposition with precise interplay of the applied voltage and the distance between the microelectrode and the grown structure.

Abstract: Images of blood vessels of a body are obtained by injecting a refraction enhancement contrast agent into the blood vessels to increase a difference in refractive indices of the blood vessels and surrounding material. The blood vessels are irradiated with a penetrating radiation, and an image of the blood vessels is generated based on detected radiation. The image has visible edge enhancement features indicating boundaries of the blood vessels.

Abstract: A new radiography method which utilizes contrast enhancement mechanisms with highly collimated X-ray beams without optics to achieve high imaging resolution and improve the time resolution is disclosed. This invention includes irradiating the object with an unmonochromatized beam, specifically highly collimated synchrotron radiation, and detecting an unmonochromatized beam image after the unmonochromatized beam has passed through the object. With compact design, a system for imaging an object with very high resolution, X-ray radiography with a wide range of X-ray sources, such as synchrotron radiation, without any sophisticated X-ray optics is also disclosed. This invention may achieve real-time images with micrometer resolution.