Abstract: Example embodiments relate to an electrical device, for example, to an electrical fuse device that includes a fuse link for linking a cathode and anode. An electrical device may include a cathode, an anode, and a fuse link. The fuse link may link the cathode and the anode. The fuse link may include a multi-metal layer structure. The fuse link may include a first metal layer including a first resistance, and a second metal layer stacked on the first metal layer and including a second resistance. The first resistance may be different from the second resistance. The fuse link may include a weak point as a region at which electrical blowing is performed easier than other regions of the fuse link.

Abstract: Multi-bit programming apparatuses and/or methods are provided. A multi-bit programming apparatus may include: a first control unit that allocates any one of 2N threshold voltage states to the N-bit data; a second control unit that spaces, by any one of a first interval and a second interval, adjacent threshold voltage states of the 2N threshold voltage states; and a programming unit that programs the N-bit data by generating, in each of the at least one multi-bit cell, a distribution state corresponding to the allocated threshold voltage state. The multi-bit programming apparatus can reduce an error rate when reading data.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device may include at least one string, at least one bit line corresponding to the at least one string, and/or a sensing transistor. The at least one string may include a plurality of memory cell transistors connected in series. The sensing transistor may include a gate configured to sense a voltage of the corresponding bit line. A threshold voltage of the sensing transistor may be higher than a voltage obtained by subtracting a given voltage from a voltage applied to read the corresponding bit line connected to a memory cell transistor to be read of the plurality of memory cell transistors.

Abstract: Crystalline aluminum oxide layers having increased energy band gap, charge trap memory devices including crystalline aluminum oxide layers and methods of manufacturing the same are provided. A method of forming an aluminum oxide layer having an increased energy band gap includes forming an amorphous aluminum oxide layer on a lower film, introducing hydrogen (H) or hydroxyl group (OH) into the amorphous aluminum oxide layer, and crystallizing the amorphous aluminum oxide layer including the H or OH.

Abstract: A method of programming a nonvolatile memory device may include applying a program voltage to a memory cell. A supplementary pulse may be applied to the memory cell to facilitate thermalization of charges after the application of the program voltage. A recovery voltage may be applied to the memory cell after the application of the supplementary pulse. A program state of the memory cell may be verified using a verification voltage after the application of the recovery voltage.

Abstract: Provided is a method of forming an aluminum oxide layer and a method of manufacturing a charge trap memory device using the same. The method of forming an aluminum oxide layer may include forming an amorphous aluminum oxide layer on an underlying layer, forming a crystalline auxiliary layer on the amorphous aluminum oxide layer, and crystallizing the amorphous aluminum oxide layer. Forming the crystalline auxiliary layer may include forming an amorphous auxiliary layer on the amorphous aluminum oxide layer; and crystallizing the amorphous auxiliary layer.

Abstract: A method of programming a non-volatile memory device may include performing a first programming operation including applying a program voltage to a memory cell and verifying the memory cell using a first verification voltage. A perturbation pulse may be applied to the memory cell to facilitate thermalization of charges in the memory cell if the memory cell passes the verification using the first verification voltage. The memory cell may be verified using a second verification voltage greater than the first verification voltage after the perturbation pulse is applied.

Abstract: Provided are a non-volatile memory device and a method of manufacturing the non-volatile memory device. The non-volatile memory device includes a charge trap layer having a crystalline material. In the method, a tunneling insulating layer is formed on a substrate, and a crystalline charge trap layer is formed on the tunneling insulating layer.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to nonvolatile semiconductor memory devices using an electric charge storing layer as a storage node and fabrication methods thereof. An electric charge trap type nonvolatile memory device may include a tunneling film, an electric charge storing layer, a blocking insulation film, and a gate electrode. The blocking insulation film may be an aluminum oxide having an energy band gap larger than that of a ?-phase aluminum oxide film. An ?-phase crystalline aluminum oxide film as a blocking insulation film may have an energy band gap of about 7.0 eV or more along with fewer defects. The crystalline aluminum oxide film may be formed by providing a source film (e.g., AlF3 film) on or within a preliminary blocking insulation film (e.g., amorphous aluminum oxide film) and performing a heat treatment. Alternatively, an aluminum compound (e.g., AlF3) may be introduced into the preliminary blocking insulation film by other diffusion methods or ion implantation.

Abstract: Non-volatile memory devices and methods of programming a non-volatile memory device in which electrons are moved between charge trap layers through a pad oxide layer are provided. The non-volatile memory devices include a charge trap layer on a semiconductor substrate and storing electrons, a pad oxide layer on the first charge trap layer, and a second trap layer on the pad oxide layer and storing electrons. In a programming mode in which data is written, the stored electrons are moved between a first position of the first charge trap layer and a first position of the second charge trap layer through the pad oxide layer or between a second position of the first charge trap layer and a second position of the second charge trap layer through the pad oxide layer.

Abstract: Provided are a gate stack, a capacitorless dynamic random access memory (DRAM) including the gate stack and methods of manufacturing and operating the same. The gate stack for a capacitorless DRAM may include a tunnel insulating layer on a substrate, a first charge trapping layer on the tunnel insulating layer, an interlayer insulating layer on the first charge trapping layer, a second charge trapping layer on the interlayer insulating layer, a blocking insulating layer on the second charge trapping layer, and a gate electrode on the blocking insulating layer. The capacitorless DRAM may include the gate stack on the substrate, and a source and a drain in the substrate on both sides of the gate stack.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device includes memory transistors disposed on a semiconductor substrate in a NAND string. A string select transistor is disposed at a first end of the NAND string, and a ground select transistor is disposed at a second end of the NAN string. Bit lines are electrically connected to the semiconductor substrate outside of the string select transistor and a gate electrode of the ground select transistor.

Abstract: Provided are a charge trap memory device and method of manufacturing the same. A charge trap memory device may include a tunnel insulating layer on a substrate, a charge trap layer on the tunnel insulating layer, and a blocking insulating layer formed of a material including Gd or a smaller lanthanide element on the charge trap layer.

Abstract: A charge trap memory device may include a tunnel insulating layer formed on a substrate. A charge trap layer may be formed on the tunnel insulating layer, wherein the charge trap layer is a higher-k dielectric insulating layer doped with one or more transition metals. The tunneling insulating layer may be relatively non-reactive with respect to metals in the charge trap layer. The tunneling insulating layer may also reduce or prevent metals in the charge trap layer from diffusing into the substrate.