Abstract: A semiconductor device may include: a substrate including a peripheral circuit region and a cell region having a first cell region and a second cell region, the second cell region being farther from the peripheral circuit region than the first cell region; a plurality of memory cells disposed at intersection regions between first conductive lines and second conductive lines, respectively, the memory cells including a first memory cell disposed in the first cell region and a second memory cell disposed in the second cell region, wherein a first electrode layer of the first memory cell and a second electrode layer of the second memory cell include a conductive material, and wherein the first electrode layer further includes a first dopant that increases a resistivity of the conductive material.

Abstract: A method of determining a precise orbit of a satellite through estimation of a parallactic refraction scale factor is proposed, the method includes inputting an initial estimate including initial orbit information of a satellite with respect to an observation epoch and the parallactic refraction scale factor; performing orbit propagation using a high-precision orbit propagator by applying a dynamics model; performing observer-centered satellite optical observation modeling including the parallactic refraction scale factor; calculating an observation residual between actual optical observation data and observation data calculated via the observation modeling reflecting the parallactic refraction; and precisely determining the orbit of the satellite by estimating the parallactic refraction scale factor and a satellite state vector using a batch least square estimation algorithm.

Abstract: A method for re-entry prediction of an uncontrolled artificial space object includes: calculating an average semi-major axis and an argument of latitude by inputting two-line elements or osculating elements of an artificial space object at two different time points; calculating an average semi-major axis, argument of latitude, and atmospheric drag at a second time point; estimating an optimum drag scale factor while changing the drag scale factor; predicting the time and place of re-entry of an artificial space object into the atmosphere by applying the estimated drag scale factor. Here, orbit prediction is performed by using a Cowell's high-precision orbital propagator using numerical integration from the second time point to a re-entry time point.

Abstract: Provided are a photosensitive composition for forming a light shielding layer of an organic light emitting display device, which includes (A) an alkali soluble resin including a repeating unit represented by Formula (1); (B) a reactive unsaturated compound; (C) a photoinitiator; (D) a black colorant; (E) a hollow silica particle; and (F) a solvent, a light shielding layer of an organic light emitting display device including the composition with excellent resolution while simultaneously implementing light shielding properties and low reflection properties, an organic light emitting display device including the light shielding layer, and an electronic device including the organic light emitting display device.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for DNA extraction in a sample for next generation sequencing (NGS) and a method of constructing a NGS library using the extracted DNA. The method for DNA extraction includes: preparing a mixture by mixing a biological sample with a buffer; applying microwaves to the mixture; and recovering DNA. The method of constructing a NGS library includes: extracting DNA according to the method for DNA extraction; amplifying a target DNA using primers; and purifying the amplified product and subjecting the purified product to library pooling.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing, treating, or ameliorating graft versus host disease (GVHD), comprising thiamine derivatives, in which the active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition is fursultiamine, which can alleviate weight loss found in patients with GVHD, reduce the infiltration of liver and colon inflammatory cells, and effectively inhibit the production of allogeneic CD4+ IFN?+ T cells, and thus can be effectively used for the prevention, treatment, or amelioration of GVHD.

Abstract: Disclosed are a charging station recommendation apparatus and a method thereof. The charging station recommendation apparatus includes a data collection device that collects vehicle data of a vehicle charged by at least one charging station at least once for each driver of the vehicle, a data processing device that generates driver charging information and/or vehicle charging information based on the collected vehicle data, and a data application device that recommends an optimal charging station based on the driver charging information and/or the vehicle charging information.

Abstract: An antenna module includes a first connection member including at least one first wiring layer and at least one first insulating layer; an antenna package disposed on a first surface of the first connection member, and including a plurality of antenna members and a plurality of feed vias; an integrated circuit (IC) disposed on a second surface of the first connection member and electrically connected to the corresponding wire of at least one first wiring layer; and a second connection member including at least one second wiring layer electrically connected to the IC and at least one second insulating layer, and disposed between the first connection member and the IC, wherein the second connection member has a third surface facing the first connection member and having an area smaller than that of the second surface, and a fourth surface facing the IC.

Abstract: Provided is a hydrophobic silica aerogel precursor, and a hydrophobic silica aerogel produced using the same. In the methods, a linear silane crosslinking agent containing a PEG-derived unit is introduced when preparing a hydrophobic aerogel precursor, resulting in the production of a hydrophobic silica aerogel having improved high-temperature thermal stability and improved physical properties.

Abstract: Provided are a tagatose-bisphosphate aldolase variant having tagatose conversion activity, and a method of preparing tagatose using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer prodrug and a ligand-linker conjugate compound thereof, a composition containing these, and therapeutic use thereof particularly as an anticancer drug. The stability of the compounds themselves and the stability thereof in plasma are excellent and the compounds are advantageous in terms of manifestation of toxicity, and thus the compounds are industrially useful in that it is possible to target proliferative diseases such as cancer, to perform a specific treatment, to maximize the drug efficacy, and to minimize the occurrence of side effects.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the disclosure are directed to updating a selected group-based communication interface of a plurality of group-based communication interfaces with an application dialog received from an external application. In an example, user interaction data associated with a group-based communication system can be received from a client device, and a triggering event, associated with an application external to the group-based communication system, can be identified from within the user interaction data. An application dialog request, associated with the triggering event, can be sent to the application and, in response to sending the application dialog request to the application, an application dialog can be received from the application.

Abstract: Provided are a novel fructose-C4-epimerase and a method of producing tagatose using the same.

Abstract: Provided are a substrate treating apparatus and a method thereof that can improve pattern roughness when an etching process is performed for a substrate. The substrate treating method comprises: inserting a substrate into a substrate treating apparatus; injecting a first process gas into the substrate treating apparatus and treating the substrate to a first plasma using the first process gas; and injecting a second process gas into the substrate treating apparatus and treating the substrate to a second plasma using the second process gas, wherein at least some components of the second process gas differ from those of the first process gas.

Abstract: A group-based communication platform can present, via a client device of the group-based communication platform, a user interface that includes a user interface element, interaction therewith, invoking a command associated with an external system. Based at partly on receiving an indication of an interaction with the user interface element, the group-based communication platform can cause payload data to be provided to the external system, wherein the payload data is associated with an indication of the command invoked via the interaction. Based at least partly on causing the payload data to be provided to the external system, a response to the payload data can be received and an interactive dialog can be presented via the user interface. The interactive dialog can be configured to prompt a user of the client device for data to be provided to the external system for performing a processing action associated with the command.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thermoplastic resin composition, a method of preparing the same, and a molded article including the same. Also disclosed is a thermoplastic resin composition including a base resin including a vinyl cyanide compound-conjugated diene rubber-aromatic vinyl compound graft copolymer, an alkyl acrylate rubber-vinyl cyanide compound-aromatic vinyl compound graft copolymer, and an aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound copolymer and a polysiloxane in a predetermined composition ratio, wherein the alkyl acrylate rubber-vinyl cyanide compound-aromatic vinyl compound graft copolymer has a grafting degree of 42% or more and is included in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight based on 100% by weight in total of the base resin.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp includes a light source unit including a plurality of light sources; an optical unit including a plurality of incidence lenses, a plurality of emission lenses corresponding to the plurality of incidence lenses, and a plurality of shields each configured to block a part of light from being incident on each of the plurality of emission lenses; and a light transmission unit that transmits light generated from the light source unit to the optical unit. In particular, the optical unit is divided into a plurality of transmission regions that transmit the light generated from each of the plurality of light sources to allow a pattern region corresponding to each of the plurality of light sources to be formed.

Abstract: A method of processing a substrate is provided. The method processes a substrate by using a substrate processing apparatus including a chamber, a shower head unit for supplying a cleaning gas into the chamber, a first electrode disposed on an upper portion of the shower head unit, a support unit for supporting the substrate, and a second electrode disposed inside the support unit, the method including supplying the cleaning gas into the chamber, and supplying a voltage of a first magnitude to the first electrode and supplying a voltage of a second magnitude greater than the first magnitude to the second electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a super-absorbent polymer having excellent properties, both centrifugal retention capacity (CRC) and absorption under pressure (AUP) having been improved by introducing a surface crosslinked layer crosslinked by surface-modified inorganic particles, and to a method for preparing the same. The super-absorbent polymer comprises: a base resin powder containing a crosslinked polymer of water-soluble ethylene-based unsaturated monomers having an at least partially neutralized acidic group; and a surface crosslinked layer formed on the base resin powder, wherein inorganic particles may be chemically bound to the crosslinked polymer contained in the surface crosslinked layer, via an oxygen-containing bond or a nitrogen-containing bond.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer prodrugs and ligand-linker conjugates thereof. The present disclosure also relates to compositions and uses of said prodrugs and conjugates.