Abstract: A semiconductor device including a first fin protruding on a substrate and extending in a first direction; a first gate electrode on the first fin, the first gate electrode intersecting the first fin; a first trench formed within the first fin at a side of the first gate electrode; a first epitaxial layer filling a portion of the first trench, wherein a thickness of the first epitaxial layer becomes thinner closer to a sidewall of the first trench; and a second epitaxial layer filling the first trench on the first epitaxial layer, wherein a boron concentration of the second epitaxial layer is greater than a boron concentration of the first epitaxial layer.

Abstract: the laser arrangement (1) is configured such that the electrical connection (14) provides a direct current connection between the driver (13) and the laser (11) such that a photocurrent (Iphoto) that is generated in the electrode-absorption modulator section (112) of the laser (11) by illumination with light of the laser section (111) at least partially flows to the driver (13) and at least contributes to the energy supply of the driver (13).

Abstract: Disclosed are a membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cells having improved durability and a manufacturing method thereof. Hydrogen peroxide, from which a hydroxyl radical is generated, may be removed using an antioxidant having the structure A1-aA?aBO3-?and including strontium or samarium, thereby improving the durability of an electrolyte membrane and an electrode.

Abstract: A manifold block mounted to a fuel cell stack for supplying and distributing air and hydrogen to the stack, the manifold block comprises: a main body including a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet, an air inlet and an air outlet; a hydrogen outlet cover welded to an outer surface of the main body and including a condensation chamber connected to the hydrogen outlet; an air inlet cover welded to an inner surface of the main body and including an air inflow portion connected to the air inlet; and an air outlet cover welded to the inner surface of the main body and including an air outflow portion connected to the air outlet.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquefied natural gas storage apparatus. The apparatus includes a heat insulated tank and liquefied natural gas contained in the tank. The tank has heat insulation sufficient to maintain liquefied natural gas therein such that most of the liquefied natural gas stays in liquid. The contained liquefied natural gas has a vapor pressure from about 0.3 bar to about 2 bar. The apparatus further includes a safety valve configured to release a part of liquefied natural gas contained in the tank when a vapor pressure of liquefied natural gas within the tank becomes higher than a cut-off pressure. The cut-off pressure is from about 0.3 bar to about 2 bar.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) device includes a first and a second fin-type active region protruding from a first region and a second region, respectively, of a substrate, a first and a second gate line, and a first and a second source/drain region. The first fin-type active region has a first top surface and a first recess has a first depth from the first top surface. The first source/drain region fills the first recess and has a first width. The second fin-type active region has a second top surface and a second recess has a second depth from the second top surface. The second depth is greater than the first depth. The second source/drain region fills the second recess and has a second width. The second width is greater than the first width.

Abstract: Edge-emitting laser diodes having high confinement factors and lattice-matched, porous cladding layers are described. The laser diodes may be formed from layers of III-nitride material. A cladding layer may be electrochemically etched to form a porous cladding layer having a high refractive index contrast with an active junction of the device. A transparent conductive oxide layer may be deposited to form a top-side cladding layer with high refractive index contrast and low resistivity.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes performing a first ion implantation process on a substrate to form a lower dopant region in the substrate, patterning the substrate having the lower dopant region to form active patterns, and performing a second ion implantation process on the active patterns to form an upper dopant region in an upper portion of each of the active patterns. The lower and upper dopant regions have a same conductivity type.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel ligand compound represented by Formula 1 and a novel transition metal compound represented by Formula 2, and the novel ligand compound and transition metal compound according to the present invention has high comonomer incorporation effect in the preparation of an olefinic polymer having a low density and a high molecular weight, and thus can be usefully used as a catalyst for a polymerization reaction.

Abstract: A vehicle system includes a vehicle component, a battery, and a thermoelectric module coupled to the component to allow heat transfer between the catalytic converter and the thermoelectric module, wherein the thermoelectric module is electrically connected to the battery. The vehicle system further includes a temperature sensor coupled to the vehicle component. The temperature sensor is configured to measure the temperature of the vehicle component. The vehicle system further includes a controller in electronic communication with the thermoelectric module. The controller is programmed to switch the thermoelectric module among the heating mode, the cooling mode, and the power-generation mode based on the temperature of the vehicle component. The vehicle component may be an exhaust manifold, a turbocharger turbine housing, an exhaust gas conduit coupled between an exhaust manifold and a catalytic converter, and/or a catalytic converter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquefied natural gas storage apparatus. The apparatus includes a heat insulated tank and liquefied natural gas contained in the tank. The tank has heat insulation sufficient to maintain liquefied natural gas therein such that most of the liquefied natural gas stays in liquid. The contained liquefied natural gas has a vapor pressure from about 0.3 bar to about 2 bar. The apparatus further includes a safety valve configured to release a part of liquefied natural gas contained in the tank when a vapor pressure of liquefied natural gas within the tank becomes higher than a cut-off pressure. The cut-off pressure is from about 0.3 bar to about 2 bar.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a video decoding method for decoding an input bitstream in which each of pictures has been encoded with being split into a plurality of tiles. The method includes decoding partial decoding information included in the input bitstream and determining one or more target tiles to be decoded among the plurality of tiles according to the partial decoding information; and decoding video data corresponding to the one or more target tiles, wherein the partial decoding information includes at least one of first information indicating whether to perform partial decoding and second information indicating an area on which partial decoding is to be performed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image acquiring method. The image acquiring method includes receiving an instruction to acquire a one-side image to acquire an image on a first side of a document; obtaining a penetrated image of the first side of the document, which is seen on the second side, with a second image sensor for obtaining an image on a second side of the document, while the document is being fed; obtaining an image on the first side of the document with a first image sensor for obtaining an image on the first side of the document, while the document is being fed; and processing the image on the first side based on the penetrated image of the first side.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lithium complex oxide, and more specifically, to a lithium complex oxide of which a range of FWHM(104) values maintains a constant relationship with a molar fraction of nickel when measuring XRD defined by a hexagonal lattice having a R-3m space group. The lithium complex oxide according to the present invention exhibits an effect of improving lifetime properties of the cells including high Ni-based cathode active materials accordingly by enabling a range of the FWHM(104) values at (104) peaks defined by the hexagonal lattice having the R-3m space group to maintain a constant relationship with the molar fraction of nickel, thereby maintaining the primary particles in a predetermined size range.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of generating NP gallium nitride (GaN) across large areas (>1 cm2) with controlled pore diameters, pore density, and porosity. Also disclosed are methods of generating novel optoelectronic devices based on porous GaN. Additionally a layer transfer scheme to separate and create free-standing crystalline GaN thin layers is disclosed that enables a new device manufacturing paradigm involving substrate recycling. Other disclosed embodiments of this invention relate to fabrication of GaN based nanocrystals and the use of NP GaN electrodes for electrolysis, water splitting, or photosynthetic process applications.

Abstract: Disclosed are an antioxidant for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells including barium cerium oxide and one or more rare-earth elements and having a Perovskite structure, an electrolyte membrane and the membrane-electrode assembly for vehicles including the antioxidant. The antioxidant for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells according to the present invention can improve antioxidant activity and long-term stability of electrolyte membranes and enhance durability of fuel cells.

Abstract: A system for presenting media sheets includes a finisher output bin assembly. The finisher output bin assembly includes a translatable output floor, and a guide substrate coupled to the translatable output floor to guide the translatable output floor relative to the guide substrate in at least one coordinate direction. The finisher output bin assembly includes an output structure mechanically coupled to the translatable output floor to drive the translatable output floor relative to the guide substrate.

Abstract: Methods are provided for generating a crystalline material. The methods comprise depositing a textured thin film in a growth seed area, wherein the textured thin film has a preferential crystallographic axis; providing a growth channel extending from the growth seed area, the growth channel permitting guided lateral growth; and growing a crystalline material in the growth channel along a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the preferential crystallographic axis of the textured thin film. A preferred crystalline material is gallium nitride, and preferred textured thin films are aluminum nitride and titanium nitride.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquefied natural gas storage apparatus. The apparatus includes a heat insulated tank and liquefied natural gas contained in the tank. The tank has heat insulation sufficient to maintain liquefied natural gas therein such that most of the liquefied natural gas stays in liquid. The contained liquefied natural gas has a vapor pressure from about 0.3 bar to about 2 bar. The apparatus further includes a safety valve configured to release a part of liquefied natural gas contained in the tank when a vapor pressure of liquefied natural gas within the tank becomes higher than a cut-off pressure. The cut-off pressure is from about 0.3 bar to about 2 bar.

Abstract: An electronic device and a method for controlling displaying of information in the electronic device are provided. The electronic device includes a first display formed on at least a portion of a body of the electronic device, and a second display formed on at least a portion of a cover functionally connected to the body and including a transparent display area.