Abstract: Various embodiments include protection layers for a transistor and methods of forming the same. In an embodiment, a method includes: exposing a semiconductor nanostructure, a dummy nanostructure, and an isolation region by removing a dummy gate; increasing a deposition selectivity between a top surface of the semiconductor nanostructure and a top surface of the isolation region relative a selective deposition process; depositing a protection layer on the top surface of the isolation region by performing the selective deposition process; removing the dummy nanostructure by selectively etching a dummy material of the dummy nanostructure at a faster rate than a protection material of the protection layer; and forming a gate structure around the semiconductor nanostructure.

Abstract: A method for generating learning problems is provided. The method includes the steps of: acquiring a first learning problem; generating a first solution explanation with reference to the first learning problem using a first language model, and generating a second solution explanation with reference to the first learning problem using a second language model; and generating a second learning problem with reference to at least one of the first solution explanation and the second solution explanation.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for visualizing problem solving results, the method comprising the steps of: displaying information on a user's predicted correct answer rate for at least one problem in an area assigned to each of the at least one problem; and dynamically determining display status of the area assigned to a first problem with reference to the user's predicted correct answer rate for the first problem and the user's actual correctness/incorrectness result for the first problem.

Abstract: A RACH configuration including a MsgA PUSCH configuration can be received. An association between a PRACH preamble of a plurality of PRACH preambles and a PUSCH of a plurality of PUSCHs can be determined. A first PRACH preamble can be randomly selected from the plurality of PRACH preambles. The first PRACH preamble and a PUSCH associated with the first PRACH preamble can be transmitted. The PUSCH can be transmitted according to the MsgA PUSCH configuration. A PDSCH can be received in response to transmission of the first PRACH preamble and the PUSCH. A MAC PDU of the PDSCH can include a plurality of RARs of a plurality of different RAR formats. Each of the plurality of RARs can correspond to a MAC-subPDU of the MAC PDU.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an injectable formulation containing, as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), an isoxazoline derivative or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof useful as a caspase inhibitor. The injectable formulation according to the present invention includes a first agent composed of a high dose of the API, and a second agent that is a solvent capable of dissolving the first agent, and may be prepared by mixing the first agent and the second agent immediately before administration. The injectable formulation stably contains the active API and thus has the advantage that effective drug efficacy can be expected when administered to a patient.

Abstract: Provided is a polymer comprising: a first unit represented by Chemical Formula 1; a second unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 and different from the first unit; a third unit represented by Chemical Formula 2; and an end group represented by Chemical Formula 3, and an organic light emitting device using the same, wherein all the variables are described herein.

Abstract: A map generation method including receiving a map editing request for a specific floor among a plurality of floors of a building, providing an editing interface on a display unit of an electronic device in response to the map editing request, the editing interface including at least a part of a specific map corresponding to the specific floor, specifying at least one node group allocatable on the specific map based on first node rules, the first node rules corresponding to spatial characteristics of the specific floor, and performing a node placement process such that first nodes included among the at least one node group are placed on the specific map.

Abstract: A separator includes: a polymer porous support; and a coating layer disposed on at least one surface of the polymer porous support and containing a binder polymer, wherein the binder polymer includes a polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer and a cyanoethylated polymer, and the coating layer has a surface roughness (Ra) ranging from 300 nm to 500 nm. The separator includes a coating layer formed non-uniformly on the polymer porous support, and thus, can provide an effect of improving the workability of a battery assembling process. A method for manufacturing the separator, and a lithium secondary battery including the separator, are also provided.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution additive for a lithium secondary battery, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery comprising the same, and a lithium secondary battery are described. Specifically, the electrolyte solution additive for a lithium secondary battery may comprise a compound represented by Formula 1, wherein in Formula 1, R1 to R3, L and n are described herein.

Abstract: An example apparatus includes: a first transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a control terminal; a second transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a control terminal, the first terminal of the second transistor coupled to the first terminal of the first transistor, the second terminal of the second transistor coupled to the second terminal of the first transistor; first driver circuitry having a terminal coupled to the control terminal of the first transistor; second driver circuitry having a terminal coupled to the control terminal of the second transistor; and gate balancing circuitry having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the gate balancing circuitry coupled to the control terminal of the first transistor and the terminal of the first driver circuitry, the second terminal of the gate balancing circuitry coupled to the control terminal of the second transistor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical film and a method of preparing same, the optical film comprising a polymer resin comprising imide repeating units and amide repeating units, the amide repeating units being included at a ratio of at least 80% relative to the imide repeating units and the amide repeating units.

Abstract: In an electronic device comprising a glossy housing, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the housing comprises: a metal substrate, and an anodized layer overlapping the metal substrate, wherein the anodized layer can include: pore walls including a plurality of pores; and coloring dye particles including an organic dye and a conductivity enhancer, which are disposed in the plurality of pores.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a low dielectric polymer substrate and a preparation method thereof. More specifically, the present disclosure provides a low dielectric polymer substrate to which metal or ceramic may be deposited with high adhesion without a separate adhesive layer through surface modification of a polymer substrate and a preparation method thereof.

Abstract: A gas detection apparatus for cell module assemblies accurately and rapidly detects a damaged cell of a cell module assembly and the damaged position of the damaged cell. The gas detection apparatus includes a gas detection chamber configured to receive a cell module assembly; and a sliding die configured to be movable to the lower part of the gas detection chamber in the state in which the cell module assembly is disposed at the upper end thereof. The gas detection apparatus further includes a gas sensor provided in the gas detection chamber, the gas sensor including a plurality of gas sensors disposed so as to correspond to positions of cells of the cell module assembly. A gas detection method for cell module assemblies uses the gas detection apparatus for cell module assemblies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a video encoding/decoding method and apparatus. The video decoding method according to the present invention may comprise decoding filter information on a coding unit; classifying samples in the coding unit into classes on a per block classification unit basis; and filtering the coding unit having the samples classified into the classes on a per block classification unit basis by using the filter information.

Abstract: Methods of making orally available softgels includes pre-wetting a probiotic with an edible oil to produce a wetted supplement, wherein the edible oil is present in a range of 25% to 75% by weight of a total weight of the probiotic and edible oil, heating the wetted supplement to a temperature in a range of 35° C. to 40° C., blending the wetted supplement and a molten chocolate component together to produce a liquid fill material, encapsulating the liquid fill material in a softgel coating to produce an orally available softgel, and cooling the orally available softgel to have a softgel capsule shell comprising 5% to 15% by weight water. The fill material is a solid at room temperature in the cooled orally available softgel.

Abstract: Video coders and decoders perform transform coding and decoding on blocks of video content according to an adaptively selected transform type. The transform types are organized into a hierarchy of transform sets where each transform set includes a respective number of transforms and each higher-level transform set includes the transforms of each lower-level transform set within the hierarchy. The video coders and video decoders may exchange signaling that establishes a transform set context from which a transform set that was selected for coding given block(s) may be identified. The video coders and video decoders may exchange signaling that establishes a transform decoding context from which a transform that was selected from the identified transform set to be used for decoding the transform unit. The block(s) may be coded and decoded by the selected transform.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic electronic component includes: a ceramic body including dielectric layers and first internal electrodes and second internal electrodes disposed to face each other and alternately stacked with the respective dielectric layers interposed therebetween; a first external electrode connected to the first internal electrodes; a second external electrode connected to the second internal electrodes; and a protective layer disposed on the ceramic body, the first external electrode, and the second external electrode, wherein the protective layer includes an adhesion assisting layer and a coating layer, an average thickness of the protective layer is 70 nm or more and/or less than 400 nm, and a ratio of an average thickness of the coating layer to the average thickness of the protective layer is 0.25 or more and/or 0.75 or less.

Abstract: A touch detection device may include a touch area including a plurality of driving electrodes and a plurality of detecting electrodes, a plurality of touch driving integrated circuits (ICs) electrically connected to and supplying driving signals to the driving electrodes, a plurality of touch detecting ICs electrically connected to the detecting electrodes and receiving touch detection signals from the detecting electrodes, and a touch control IC controlling the touch driving ICs and the touch detecting ICs. The touch area may be divided into a plurality of sub-touch areas, the touch driving ICs may be provided to correspond to the plurality of sub-touch areas, respectively, in a one-to-one manner, and the plurality of touch detecting ICs may be provided to correspond to the sub-touch areas, respectively.