Abstract: An independent steering device includes a knuckle coupled to a wheel and a driving unit including a motor and a reducer. The motor provides driving force for rotating the knuckle. At least a portion of the reducer is rotatably connected to the knuckle and decelerates a rotational movement of the motor and transmits the rotational movement to the knuckle. The independent steering device further includes a steering angle measuring device coupled to the knuckle and the driving unit and measuring a steering angle of the wheel. The steering angle measuring device includes a body coupled to the knuckle and rotates with the knuckle, a shaft rotatably coupled to the body, and a rod coaxially extending from the shaft and fixed to at least a portion of the driving unit.

Abstract: An independent steering device for a vehicle wheel includes: a knuckle provided with a first upper coupling portion and a second upper coupling portion at an upper portion and a lower coupling portion at a lower portion; a first actuator rotatably coupled to the first upper coupling portion; a second actuator positioned adjacent to the first actuator and rotatably coupled to the second upper coupling portion; and a lower connection member rotatably coupled to the lower coupling portion. The lower coupling portion may be positioned below a center of the knuckle between the first upper coupling portion and the second upper coupling portion.

Abstract: An independent steering device includes: a knuckle coupled to a wheel; and a driving unit having the knuckle rotatably coupled to at least a portion thereof and providing a driving force for rotating the knuckle. The driving unit may include: a motor having a first rotating shaft; a reducer having a second rotating shaft and coupled to the knuckle; and a power transmission member connecting the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft and configured to transmit rotational force between the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft. The motor and the reducer may be disposed so that the first and second rotating shafts are parallel.

Abstract: Provided is an auto parking assistance MDPS system, which includes a command interpolator configured to interpolate and receive a position command, and an MDPS controller configured to generate and output a position command by adjusting an interpolated position command from the command interpolator based on a feedback angle output from a motor driven power steering (MDPS) plant.

Abstract: In a vehicular brake-by-wire system, when a motor needs to generate brake hydraulic pressure, but fails to drive due to a trouble with the motor, a failure in the controller, or the like, a driver operates a pneumatic cylinder by operating pneumatic valve switch, and a master cylinder operates by the operation of the pneumatic cylinder, thereby possibly generating brake hydraulic pressure for vehicular braking.

Abstract: An embodiment suspension system for a vehicle includes a rocker arm housing coupled to a first end of a lower arm through which a rotation axis passes, a rocker arm having a first end surrounded by the rocker arm housing and a second end disposed toward a center of the rocker arm housing, the rocker arm being rotatable together with the lower arm about the rotation axis, a torsion bar having a first end connected to the second end of the rocker arm and a second end extending along the rotation axis and then coupled to a vehicle body connection member, and a contact protrusion disposed on either the rocker arm housing or the rocker arm, the contact protrusion being configured to come into contact with the other of the rocker arm and the rocker arm housing in accordance with a rotation angle of the rocker arm housing.

Abstract: An embodiment suspension system for a vehicle includes a rocker arm housing coupled to a first end of a lower arm through which a rotation axis passes, a rocker arm having a first end surrounded by the rocker arm housing and a second end disposed toward a center of the rocker arm housing, the rocker arm being rotatable together with the lower arm about the rotation axis, a torsion bar having a first end connected to the second end of the rocker arm and a second end extending along the rotation axis and then coupled to a vehicle body connection member, and a contact protrusion disposed on either the rocker arm housing or the rocker arm, the contact protrusion being configured to come into contact with the other of the rocker arm and the rocker arm housing in accordance with a rotation angle of the rocker arm housing.

Abstract: A semiconductor may include a substrate including a first active region and a second active region, an element isolation film on the substrate exposing the first active region and the second active region, a silicon germanium film on the first active region of the substrate, a first gate insulating film on the silicon germanium film and contacting the silicon germanium film, a first gate electrode on the first gate insulating film, a source/drain region in the substrate and on both sides of the first gate electrode, a second gate insulating film on the second active region of the substrate and contacting the substrate, and a second gate electrode on the second gate insulating film. A height from a lowest portion of the element isolation film to an upper face of the substrate may be different in the first active region compared to the second active region.

Abstract: A method of a server and an electronic device are provided. The method includes receiving a package generated with an intermediate representation from a first electronic device; receiving build environment information on at least one third electronic device from a second electronic device; and generating an application package to be executed in the at least one third electronic device, based on the package or the build environment information. The electronic device includes a build unit configured to generate a Central Processing Unit (CPU-independent) binary and build information for CPUs involved in two or more third electronic devices; a package generation unit configured to generate a CPU-independent application package using the generated CPU-independent binary and the generated build information; and a package registration unit configured to transmit the generated CPU-independent application package to a server.

Abstract: A polarizing plate includes a polarizer, and a quarter wave film (QWF) layer and a +C (positive C) plate layer, which are disposed on a lower side of the polarizer, wherein a total refractive index ratio Nz of the polarizer, the quarter wave film layer, and the +C plate layer is 0.1 to 0.8, and thereby shows excellent antireflection effects in an oblique direction of a screen as well as in a front direction thereof, and an image display apparatus including the same.

Abstract: Disclosed are a polarizing plate, which includes a polarizer, and a quarter wave film (QWF) layer and a +C (positive C) plate layer, which are disposed on a lower side of the polarizer, wherein a total refractive index ratio Nz of the polarizer, the quarter wave film layer, and the +C plate layer is 0.1 to 0.8, and thereby shows excellent antireflection effects in an oblique direction of a screen as well as in a front direction thereof, and an image display apparatus including the same.

Abstract: An operation method of an electronic device is provided, which includes determining whether a target dependent area exists in a source code, and converting the target dependent area into a target independent Intermediate Representation (IR) when it is determined that the target dependent area exists in the source code.

Abstract: A method of a server and an electronic device are provided. The method includes receiving a package generated with an intermediate representation from a first electronic device; receiving build environment information on at least one third electronic device from a second electronic device; and generating an application package to be executed in the at least one third electronic device, based on the package or the build environment information. The electronic device includes a build unit configured to generate a Central Processing Unit (CPU-independent) binary and build information for CPUs involved in two or more third electronic devices; a package generation unit configured to generate a CPU-independent application package using the generated CPU-independent binary and the generated build information; and a package registration unit configured to transmit the generated CPU-independent application package to a server.

Abstract: A voice recognition method and an electronic device thereof are provided, including executing a voice recognition function, setting a voice recognition mode based on information input from at least one sensor of the electronic device, and processing an input voice according to the set mode.

Abstract: Provided are a method of preparing a zinc oxide nanostructure electrode and a method of preparing a dye-sensitized solar cell using the same. The present invention relates to a use of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate or a derivative thereof for promoting the differentiation of keratinocytes into fibroblasts. The present invention provides a pharmaceutical or cosmetic use of a composition containing NAADP or a derivative thereof for regenerating and improving a skin barrier, or preventing, improving or treating stratum corneum disorders such as psoriasis or atopy, and a use for promoting the differentiation of separated keratinocytes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of fabricating a CIS or CIGS thin film, comprising: forming, on a substrate, a seed particle layer comprising copper-indium-compound seed particles comprising copper (Cu); indium (In); and at least one selected from the group consisting of gallium (Ga), sulfur (S) and selenium (Se), applying, on the seed particle layer, a water-soluble precursor solution comprising: a water-soluble copper (Cu) precursor; a water-soluble indium (In) precursor; and at least one selected from the group consisting of a water-soluble gallium (Ga) precursor, a water-soluble sulfur (S) precursor and a water-soluble selenium (Se) precursor, and forming a thin film at high temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a thin-film light-absorbing layer using spraying, including mixing precursor solutions comprising CuCl2, InCl3 and SeC(NH2)2 under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature thus preparing a mixture solution; spraying the mixture solution on a substrate and drying it, thus forming a thin film; and selenizing the thin film under a selenium atmosphere. A method of manufacturing a thin-film solar cell is also provided, which includes forming a back contact layer on a glass substrate using sputtering; forming a light-absorbing layer on the back contact layer using spraying; forming a buffer layer on the light-absorbing layer using chemical vapor deposition; forming a window layer on the buffer layer using sputtering; and forming an upper electrode layer on the window layer.

Abstract: Provided are a method of preparing a zinc oxide nanostructure electrode and a method of preparing a dye-sensitized solar cell using the same. The present invention relates to a use of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate or a derivative thereof for promoting the differentiation of keratinocytes into fibroblasts. The present invention provides a pharmaceutical or cosmetic use of a composition containing NAADP or a derivative thereof for regenerating and improving a skin barrier, or preventing, improving or treating stratum corneum disorders such as psoriasis or atopy, and a use for promoting the differentiation of separated keratinocytes.

Abstract: An operating method of a device for installing an application for a device includes receiving an application installation request including an application and an authentication token from an application development apparatus, and installing the application based on the authentication token, which includes serial numbers of devices authorized for the application.

Abstract: A method of processing data for paying for at least one of item in a system having a Payment Gateway server and a mobile device is disclosed. The method includes steps of downloading an application by using address information in a memory of the mobile device, transmitting user information stored in the USIM of the mobile device to the PG server if the first phone number is identical with the second phone number, generating ID information for the user in the PG server, transmitting first barcode from the PG server to the mobile device if the mobile device requests a barcode to the PG server, transmitting request signal for second barcode from the mobile device to the PG server if a specific item is selected by the user of the mobile device, and transmitting the second barcode from the PG server to the mobile device.