Abstract: The present invention discloses a multi-layer hard film for an indexable insert. The multi-layer hard film for the indexable insert provided by the present invention is formed by sequentially depositing a base layer, an intermediate layer and a top layer with different composition ratios and film structures individually on the indexable insert, thus minimizing a delamination and tool wear which may occur in high speed machining.

Abstract: In a display panel and a method of manufacturing the display panel, the display panel includes a display substrate including a first electrode and a second electrode insulated from the first electrode and disposed on the first electrode, an opposite substrate including a third electrode facing the second electrode, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the display substrate and the opposite substrate. The liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystal molecules, a reactive mesogen polymer, and nano-rods.

Abstract: The present application relates to a composition including gut flora-derived extracellular vesicles, and to an animal disease model using same. In addition, the present application relates to a method for using the gut flora-derived extracellular vesicles to efficiently search for a candidate drug which may prevent or treat diseases that occur due to gut flora-derived extracellular vesicles, and to a vaccine which can efficiently prevent or treat infections caused by gut flora or diseases that occur due to gut flora-derived extracellular vesicles. Further, the development of diagnostic technology to discover, using the gut flora-derived extracellular vesicles of the present application, the etiology of diseases that occur due to gut flora-derived extracellular vesicles, can be achieved.

Abstract: A method of interfacing between a universal serial bus (USB) host and a USB device. The USB host and the USB device include modules to process packets according to network protocols, instead of USB bus interfaces. Therefore, the USB device can be connected to the USB host even without a USB cable, and thus is not affected by the distance between the USB host and USB device.

Abstract: A memory system includes a nonvolatile memory device, a memory controller for controlling the nonvolatile memory device and a virtual data interface layer that manages reading and/or writing of patterned data from/to the nonvolatile memory device. In a read operation, the virtual data interface layer generates patterned data that is requested to be read. Accordingly, a read speed of the memory system may be improved.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a multi-layer hard film for an indexable insert. The multi-layer hard film for the indexable insert provided by the present invention is formed by sequentially depositing a base layer, an intermediate layer and a top layer with different composition ratios and film structures individually on the indexable insert, thus minimizing a delamination and tool wear which may occur in high speed machining.

Abstract: The nozzle error correction method is provided for adjusting information of an output image to correct an error nozzle. A position of an error nozzle firing an ink amount different from a reference value is detected from a plurality of nozzles. A determination is made from an input image as to whether a current pixel for output is an error pixel of the detected error nozzle. A channel value of the error nozzle is set to a certain value if the current pixel is the error pixel. However, if the current pixel is not the error pixel, a determination is made as to whether an error pixel exists in a certain area around the current pixel. A value of the current pixel is then adjusted based on error information. Image-processing is performed in order for the current pixel to be outputted, if the error pixel exists in the certain area. Accordingly, degradation of a print speed and a shortened life span of the head are prevented.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel bioconjugation protocol for peptide suitable for in vivo applications. Bioconjugation of the peptide to HA derivative increases its half life in circulation contributing for a high efficacy. More over, conjugate of HA derivative and peptide which is treated with hyaluronidase shows increased bioactivity. And also, in contrast to PEGylation, HA derivative can be conjugated with many numbers of peptide molecules per single HA derivative chain, which enables multiple action of peptide drugs.

Abstract: A multiplication apparatus including a multiplier and multiplicand extractor for dividing the multiplicand into partial multiplicands and dividing the multiplier into partial multipliers, and for generating partial input pairs by combining the partial multiplicands with the partial multipliers, and a multiplication executor including identical partial multiplication modules for receiving the partial input pairs and outputting partial carries and partial products. The apparatus further includes an output generator for combining the partial carries with the partial products according to the execution instruction to generate a final output. For simple multiplications, each of the partial multiplication modules can pass data to and from an adjacent partial multiplication module to calculate the partial carry and the partial product, and pass bits exceeding its own multiplication coverage.

Abstract: The image encoder includes a block arrangement unit configured to chromatically subsample an externally input image signal and to arrange the image signal in units of a plurality of blocks, a plurality of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) units configured to perform DCT with respect to the image signal divided into the plurality of blocks, a plurality of quantization units configured to quantize the outputs of the plurality of DCT units, a delta modulation unit configured to perform Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) with respect to the outputs of the plurality of quantization units, a plurality of Huffman encoding units configured to encode the outputs of the delta modulation units using a Huffman encoding method, and a code connection unit configured to reconstruct the signals output from the plurality of Huffman encoding units in constant bit units and to output a compressed image signal. Since the image is encoded in parallel, it is possible to increase encoding speed.

Abstract: In a capacitor having a high dielectric constant, the capacitor includes a cylindrical lower electrode, a dielectric layer and an upper electrode. A metal oxide layer is formed on inner, top and outer surfaces of the lower electrode as the dielectric layer. A first sub-electrode is formed on a surface of the dielectric layer along the profile of the lower electrode and a second sub-electrode is continuously formed on the first sub-electrode corresponding to the top surface of the lower electrode, so an opening portion of the lower electrode is covered with the second sub-electrode. The first and second sub-electrodes include first and second metal nitride layers in which first and second stresses are applied, respectively. Directions of the first and second stresses are opposite to each other. Accordingly, cracking is minimized in the upper electrode with the high dielectric constant, thereby reducing current leakage.

Abstract: An array type inkjet print head includes an ink cartridge to store ink, at least one print head chip disposed on a base of the ink cartridge to project from the base, the at least one print head chip to fire the ink, a flat plate cover disposed on the base of the ink cartridge and to have at least one opening corresponding to the at least one print head chip, and an adhesive member disposed between the base of the ink cartridge and the flat plate cover to fix the flat plate cover to the base of the ink cartridge. The flat plate cover is formed of either a metal material or a ceramic material.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method of forming a lower electrode of a capacitor in a semiconductor memory device includes etching a mold oxide layer to have at a cylindrical structure, resulting in an electrode with increased surface area. The cylindrical structure may have more than one radius. This increased surface area results in an increased capacitance. An excessive etch phenomenon, which occurs because a sacrificial oxide layer is etched at a higher rate than the mold oxide layer, is avoided.

Abstract: In a capacitor having a high dielectric constant, the capacitor includes a cylindrical lower electrode, a dielectric layer and an upper electrode. A metal oxide layer is formed on inner, top and outer surfaces of the lower electrode as the dielectric layer. A first sub-electrode is formed on a surface of the dielectric layer along the profile of the lower electrode and a second sub-electrode is continuously formed on the first sub-electrode corresponding to the top surface of the lower electrode, so an opening portion of the lower electrode is covered with the second sub-electrode. The first and second sub-electrodes include first and second metal nitride layers in which first and second stresses are applied, respectively. Directions of the first and second stresses are opposite to each other. Accordingly, cracking is minimized in the upper electrode with the high dielectric constant, thereby reducing current leakage.

Abstract: An array type inkjet head and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The method includes providing a test head in which nozzle chips are mounted, printing ejection patterns on a printing medium according to various ejection timings of the nozzle chips by controlling the test head, classifying the nozzle chips into groups according to the ejection patterns, and assembling the nozzle chips that are classified in the same group having the same ejection pattern on the array type inkjet head. Since the array type inkjet head is manufactured by grouping together the nozzle chips having the same ejection pattern, poor printing results can be prevented.

Abstract: In a capacitor having a high dielectric constant, the capacitor includes a cylindrical lower electrode, a dielectric layer and an upper electrode. A metal oxide layer is formed on inner, top and outer surfaces of the lower electrode as the dielectric layer. A first sub-electrode is formed on a surface of the dielectric layer along the profile of the lower electrode and a second sub-electrode is continuously formed on the first sub-electrode corresponding to the top surface of the lower electrode, so an opening portion of the lower electrode is covered with the second sub-electrode. The first and second sub-electrodes include first and second metal nitride layers in which first and second stresses are applied, respectively. Directions of the first and second stresses are opposite to each other. Accordingly, cracking is minimized in the upper electrode with the high dielectric constant, thereby reducing current leakage.

Abstract: An inkjet printer includes an ink tank, a head chip comprising a nozzle and a signal pad, a base plate provided between the ink tank and the head chip and having a first ink flow path through which ink of the ink tank is supplied to the head chip, a head chip supporting member provided between the base plate and the head chip, comprising a second ink flow path which makes the nozzle communicate with the first ink flow path, and detachably combined to the base plate together with the head chip, and a controlling part which controls the head chip.

Abstract: An inkjet print head chip capable of preventing an adhesive from flowing over a nozzle part during a connection work of a flexible printed circuit board thereto is provided with a nozzle part to have a plurality of nozzles formed therein; a plurality of connecting pads disposed at a side of the nozzle part and electrically connected to a plurality of ink firing portions formed under the nozzle part; and an overflow prevention dam disposed between the nozzle part and the plurality of connecting pads and to have a height higher than the plurality of connecting pads.

Abstract: Provided is a session management method of managing a session created between a wireless universal serial bus (USB) host and a wireless USB device through a wireless network, the session management method including: receiving session status messages periodically transmitted for checking a status of the created session; counting a number of continuous reception failures representing a number of the session status messages that are not received; and if the number of the continuous reception failures of session status messages is greater than a reference number, changing the current status of the session to a suspended status if the current status of the session is a connected status, and closing the created session if the current status of the session is a suspended status.

Abstract: A method of interfacing between a universal serial bus (USB) host and a USB device. The USB host and the USB device include modules to process packets according to network protocols, instead of USB bus interfaces. Therefore, the USB device can be connected to the USB host even without a USB cable, and thus is not affected by the distance between the USB host and USB device.