Abstract: Image sensors are provided. The image sensors may include a substrate including first, second, third and fourth regions, a first photoelectric conversion element in the first region, a second photoelectric conversion element in the second region, a third photoelectric conversion element in the third region, a fourth photoelectric conversion element in the fourth region, a first microlens at least partially overlapping both the first and second photoelectric conversion elements, and a second microlens at least partially overlapping both the third and fourth photoelectric conversion elements. The image sensors may also include a floating diffusion region and first, second and third pixel transistors configured to perform different functions from each other. Each of the first, second and third pixel transistors may be disposed in at least one of first, second, third and fourth pixel regions. The first pixel transistor may include multiple first pixel transistors.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus for a vehicle may include a light source emitting light of a predetermined color; a reflector reflecting the light emitted from the light source to project the light externally, the reflector having a color different from the color of the light emitted from the light source to change the color of the light when the light is reflected; and a light transmittance variable portion positioned between the light source and the reflector such that the light emitted from the light source is incident thereupon prior to the reflector, the light transmittance variable portion being configured to vary in light transmittance.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus for a vehicle may include a light source emitting light of a predetermined color; a reflector reflecting the light emitted from the light source to project the light externally, the reflector having a color different from the color of the light emitted from the light source to change the color of the light when the light is reflected; and a light transmittance variable portion positioned between the light source and the reflector such that the light emitted from the light source is incident thereupon prior to the reflector, the light transmittance variable portion being configured to vary in light transmittance.

Abstract: Image sensors are provided. An image sensor includes a color filter layer. The image sensor includes a metal structure adjacent a sidewall of the color filter layer. The image sensor includes an insulating layer on the color filter layer. Moreover, the image sensor includes an electrode layer on the insulating layer. Methods of forming image sensors are also provided.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp apparatus is provided that forms a dark portion on an opponent vehicle within a light-irradiated region of a headlamp to prevent glare. The irradiated regions of the headlamp and an infrared light lamp are matched to more accurately match a dark portion forming region with the opponent vehicle.

Abstract: A rear lamp apparatus of a vehicle is provided. The rear lamp apparatus includes a light source configured to irradiate beams, a hologram lens configured to generate a specific image when the beams irradiated from the light source are incident thereto and a reflector disposed to position the beams of the light source incident thereto and reflect the beams irradiated from the light source to transmit the beams to the hologram lens. A shield is disposed between the light source and the hologram lens to block the beams irradiated from the light source to prevent the beams from being incident to the hologram lens. Accordingly, the rear lamp apparatus resolves distortion when a hologram image is formed and is advantageous in a layout by reducing a reproduction distance when a recording distance of the hologram image is increased.

Abstract: A lamp apparatus for a vehicle which radiates only a p-polarized beam without radiating an s-polarized beam which is reflected by water collecting on a road surface by filtering light which is radiated to a road surface which is wet by rain, preventing reflection of light by water, whereby it is possible to prevent light from blinding the people in oncoming vehicles, so safety from oncoming vehicles is secured and since light having a uniform waveform is radiated, lighting feeling is improved.

Abstract: A pixel light headlamp for a vehicle may include a light source module, a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) optical system, an imaging lens module, wherein the condenser lens includes a first condenser lens disposed between the light source and the phosphor and second and third condenser lenses which are disposed on a path through which light emitted from the first condenser lens is incident on the DMD chip; the second condenser lens is disposed to face the phosphor; the third condenser lens is disposed to be distanced from the second condenser lens such that it is not overlapped with a moving path of light emitted from the phosphor; and the light source and the first condenser lens as well as the DMD chip and the imaging lens module are configured to tilt with respect to a lens housing.

Abstract: An external display lighting apparatus of a vehicle, may include a light source emitting light; a scanning mirror reflecting the light emitted from the light source to change a traveling path of the light and configured to rotate by a predetermined angle to scan an image of reflected light; and a reflector provided such that the light reflected by the scanning mirror is incident thereupon and the incident light is reflected off a road surface, the reflector being configured to be rotatable such that the light is projected onto the road surface around the vehicle.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a photoelectric converter to generate charges in response to incident light and to provide the generated charges to a first node, a transfer transistor to provide a voltage of the first node to a floating diffusion node based on a first control signal, a source follower transistor to provide a voltage of the floating diffusion node as a unit pixel output, a correlated double sampler (CDS) to receive the unit pixel output and to convert the unit pixel output into a digital code. The first control signal having first, second, and third voltages is maintained at the second voltage in a period between when the voltage of the first node is provided to the floating diffusion node and when the CDS is provided with the voltage of the first node as the unit pixel output.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a photoelectric conversion unit configured to receive light to generate an electric charge and provide the electric charge to a first node, a transfer transistor configured to provide a voltage level of the first node to a floating diffusion node in response to a first signal, a booster configured to increase a voltage level of the floating diffusion node in response to a second signal, a source follower transistor configured to provide the voltage level of the floating diffusion node to a second node, and a selection transistor configured to provide a voltage level of the second node to a pixel output terminal in response to a third signal. After the selection transistor is turned on, the booster is enabled, and before the transfer transistor is turned on, the booster is disabled.

Abstract: A head lamp apparatus may control a supply of power to a laser diode based on a quantity of white light outputted to an outside environment in the head lamp apparatus using the laser diode as a light source, and controls a power supply using only a quantity of pure white light excluding noise light when the supply of power to the laser diode is controlled, thus maximally preventing blue laser beams, which are harmful to human bodies, from being exposed to the outside environment, and allowing an operation of a head lamp to be precisely controlled.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp apparatus is provided that forms a dark portion on an opponent vehicle within a light-irradiated region of a headlamp to prevent glare. The irradiated regions of the headlamp and an infrared light lamp are matched to more accurately match a dark portion forming region with the opponent vehicle.

Abstract: An external vehicle notification information system may include a projector illuminating generated information using a light source, a lens transmitting the information, a reflector reflecting partial information of the information toward the lens, and a screen displaying the partial information transmitted from the lens.

Abstract: Image sensors are provided. An image sensor includes a color filter layer. The image sensor includes a metal structure adjacent a sidewall of the color filter layer. The image sensor includes an insulating layer on the color filter layer. Moreover, the image sensor includes an electrode layer on the insulating layer. Methods of forming image sensors are also provided.

Abstract: A lamp apparatus for a vehicle may include a light source device configured to irradiate light; a detector configured to be distanced from the light source device and detect the light irradiated from the light source device, verifying whether the light source device is operating abnormally; and a reflector configured to have the light irradiated from the light source device incident thereon and reflect a portion of the light irradiated from the light source device wherein a portion of the light reflects toward the detector while reflecting the light irradiated from the light source device such that the light reflects toward a front of the vehicle.

Abstract: A rear lamp apparatus of a vehicle is provided. The rear lamp apparatus includes a light source configured to irradiate beams, a hologram lens configured to generate a specific image when the beams irradiated from the light source are incident thereto and a reflector disposed to position the beams of the light source incident thereto and reflect the beams irradiated from the light source to transmit the beams to the hologram lens. A shield is disposed between the light source and the hologram lens to block the beams irradiated from the light source to prevent the beams from being incident to the hologram lens. Accordingly, the rear lamp apparatus resolves distortion when a hologram image is formed and is advantageous in a layout by reducing a reproduction distance when a recording distance of the hologram image is increased..

Abstract: Image sensors are provided. An image sensor includes a color filter layer. The image sensor includes a metal structure adjacent a sidewall of the color filter layer. The image sensor includes an insulating layer on the color filter layer. Moreover, the image sensor includes an electrode layer on the insulating layer. Methods of forming image sensors are also provided.

Abstract: A rear lamp apparatus of a vehicle is provided. The apparatus includes a light source that emits light having a first wavelength band, a light filter disposed with a first side facing an exterior and a second side facing an interior, that reflects light having the first wavelength band, and transmits light having a second wavelength band that is different from the first wavelength band. A light diffraction element is disposed to receive light emitted from the light source and changes a transmission path of incident light to direct. The light emitted is transmitted to the first side of the light filter by the light diffraction element and is reflected to be directed toward the exterior of the vehicle to prevent the transmission to the interior of the vehicle. Accordingly, a rear lamp is turned on at a side of rear glass and exterior and interior visual fields are improved.

Abstract: A rear lamp apparatus of a vehicle is provided. The apparatus includes a light source emits light having a first wavelength band and a light filter that is disposed with a first side facing an exterior and a second side facing an interior of the vehicle, and reflects light having the first wavelength band and transmits light having a second wavelength band that is different from the first wavelength band. The light emitted from the light source is transmitted to the first side of the light filter and is reflected from the light filter to the exterior without being transmitted into the interior. Accordingly, the rear lamp apparatus allows for an enhanced external appearance of a vehicle and provides a new type of rear lamp using rear windshield.