Abstract: An optical apparatus is disclosed, which includes an actuator for driving an optical function member of an interchangeable lens, a storage part (memory) storing a plurality of driving patterns for the actuator in advance, and a controller for controlling the actuator to perform driving by using one of the plurality of driving patterns stored in the storage part (memory). The controller selects one of the plurality of driving patterns from the storage part (memory) in accordance with the type of image pickup apparatus on which the interchangeable lens is mounted.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus which reduces a color misregistration caused by a variation in speed of a photoconductor or an intermediate transfer medium. The image forming apparatus is constructed to superimpose multiple color images on each other on an intermediate transfer medium by rotating a photoconductor and the intermediate transfer medium and to form a color image. In the image forming apparatus, detection is made as to the phase difference between the timing of forming a latent image on the photoconductor and the rotational speed of the intermediate transfer medium, and the detected phase difference is corrected by increasing or decreasing the rotational speed of the intermediate transfer medium by using a correction signal, while no latent image is being transferred to the intermediate transfer medium. In addition, a transfer misregistration caused by a variation in load acting on the intermediate transfer medium is corrected by adding the transfer misregistration to a correction signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing layered aluminum fine particles, and applications to single electron tunneling quantum devices, and the present invention further relates to a method for producing spherical metallic aluminum fine particles (layered aluminum fine particles), characterized in that metallic aluminum is supplied into a mixed gas of helium and 1×10−7 to 3×10−7 torr water vapor by sputtering induced by argon gas discharge to generate aggregates, after which this product is released into a vacuum to generate single crystals in which the surface layer is covered with alumina.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing layered aluminum fine particles, and applications to single electron tunneling quantum devices, and the present invention further relates to a method for producing spherical metallic aluminum fine particles (layered aluminum fine particles), characterized in that metallic aluminum is supplied into a mixed gas of helium and 1.times.10.sup.-7 to 3.times.10.sup.-7 torr water vapor by sputtering induced by argon gas discharge to generate aggregates, after which this product is released into a vacuum to generate single crystals in which the surface layer is covered with alumina.

Abstract: A metal ribbon manufacturing apparatus which comprises a cooling roll having a cooling surface for cooling a melt, a melt nozzle confronting the cooling surface with a prescribed gap maintained between it and the cooling roll, gas flow supply means for supplying an inert gas to the periphery of the melt nozzle, roll outside periphery atmosphere shutoff means for covering at least a portion of the outside periphery of the cooling roll and preventing the atmosphere from being rolled in by the rotation of the cooling roll, and an atmosphere staying portion disposed on the front side in the rotating direction of the cooling roll of the roll outside periphery atmosphere shutoff means.

Abstract: A registration pattern is formed on an intermediate transfer belt by using one photosensitive body. Pattern parts transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt vary in spacing due to speed variation occurring at the transfer time. The passing timing of the registration pattern is read through a read section placed downstream from the photosensitive body and speed (position) variation is sensed. The sense data is gotten over several cycles of the intermediate transfer belt and a low-frequency component caused by thickness unevenness of the intermediate transfer belt is extracted. The extracted data is subjected to the effects of variations at both the formation time and read time of the registration pattern and thus is corrected of calculating true speed (position) variation data. For example, a drive roll is controlled based on the data and an image is formed.

Abstract: A driving apparatus includes a permanent magnet magnetized so as to have a plurality of poles, a coil for making a magnetic field by the application of a voltage thereto, and creating a force between itself and the permanent magnet, the force created between the coil and the permanent magnet driving an object to be driven, a position detecting means for detecting the position of the object to be driven by using a magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, and a feedback circuit for feeding back information corresponding to the voltage applied to the coil to the position information of the object to be driven obtained by the position detector. The driving apparatus may be used in an optical apparatus.

Abstract: A lens driving device includes a stator, a rotor magnetized to have a plurality of poles, an arm fixed to the rotor in such a manner as to be rotatable together with the rotor, a moving member for rectilinearly moving a lens in response to a rotation of the arm and a coil for causing the stator to generate a magnetic flux to rotate the rotor.

Abstract: A driving device includes a forming part for forming one magnetic circuit, a first coil disposed at a first driven member and a second coil disposed at a second driven member. The first and second coils are provided within the one magnetic circuit and arranged to move by being respectively supplied with currents.

Abstract: A belt feeding device including a plurality of belt feeding rolls, a belt wrapped around the rolls, and at least a pair of guide members each having an edge guide surface against which either side edge of the belt abuts in crosswise movement of the belt. The outer circumferential surface of each roll is formed with a plurality of ring-shaped slits axially spaced a distance w from each other, each of the slits having a depth h and a width m. The values of h, m, and w are set so that a load to an axial displacement of the belt wrapped around the rolls at a position of each guide member becomes 80 N/mm or less. Accordingly, an edge force acting between either side edge of the belt and the corresponding guide member against which the side edge of the belt abuts can be reduced to 15N or less.

Abstract: An optical apparatus is provided with a lens unit movable in the direction of the optical axis thereof, a lens barrel, an electromagnetic coil coupled to one of the lens unit and the lens barrel, a driving unit having a magnetic material coupled to the other of the lens unit and the lens barrel, and a guide for slidably guiding the lens unit relative to the lens barrel.

Abstract: An optical apparatus having a lens driving device includes a stepping motor for driving a lens which is movable along an optical axis and a controller for driving the stepping motor. The controller selectively changes excitation for the stepping motor among a plurality of respectively different excitations.

Abstract: A motor for driving a moving member with respect to a member which serves as a reference of the movement includes at least two first piezoelectric actuators for operating an operating portion thereof such that it is brought into contact with and is moved away from said member, and at least one second piezoelectric actuator operating such that it changes a distance between the plurality of first piezoelectric actuators. At least one of the plurality of first piezoelectric actuators employs a bimorph type piezoelectric element.

Abstract: This specification discloses an optical apparatus provided with a lens unit movable in the direction of the optical axis thereof, a lens barrel, an electromagnetic coil coupled to one of the lens unit and the lens barrel, a driving unit having a magnetic material coupled to the other of the lens unit and the lens barrel, and a guide for slidably guiding the lens unit relative to the lens barrel.

Abstract: In an ion implantation apparatus for injecting an ion beam into a substrate at a controllable incident angle, the substrate (13a) is supported by a supporting section which comprises a disc shaped plate (13) for locating the substrate thereon and an injecting chamber (11) for disposing the disc shaped plate therein. The substrate is irradiated by the ion beam. The ion implantation apparatus comprises a first controlling section (20, 23) and a second controlling section (34). The first controlling section controls the supporting section so as to change a location of the substrate in relation to the ion beam. The second controlling section controls supporting section so as to change the controllable incident angle relative to the ion beam.

Abstract: A projection apparatus for projecting through an optical system a circuit pattern formed on a mask or reticle onto a wafer. Ambient or environment conditions of the apparatus, such as an atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity are detected and, on the basis of the results of detection, any focus error and magnification error upon pattern projection on the wafer are corrected.

Abstract: In an ion implantation apparatus which is for use in injecting an ion beam (11) onto a wafer (12) in a predetermined direction and which comprises an electric conductor tube (14) divided into a first tube section (17) and a second tube section (18) along the predetermined direction with an insulator interposed therebetween. The first tube section is located in proximity of the wafer and is grounded while the second tube section is remote from the wafer to be used as a target section which is bombarded by primary electrons to generate secondary electrons directed to the wafer. Undesired electrons are trapped by the first tube section and flow through the ground.The electric conductor tube may further comprise a third tube section (21) which is electrically insulated from the second tube section and which is remote from the wafer in comparison with the second tube section in the predetermined direction.