Abstract: The new organic electroluminescent display device has a carrier-transporting layer and/or an organic luminous layer composed of a nematic liquid crystal or a liquid crystal dispersing a carrier-transporting low-molecule therein. When the organic luminous layer is to be bestowed with faculty as a liquid crystal, it is made of a nematic liquid crystal. Both the carrier-transporting layer and the organic luminous layer may be bestowed with faculty as a liquid crystal. Since the liquid crystal is incorporated in the carrier-transporting layer and/or the organic luminous layer, the display device can be driven as a liquid crystal display device in a dark place by charging with a voltage lower than a light emission initiating potential. Of course, it is driven as an electroluminescent display device when it is charged with a voltage higher than the light emission initiating potential. Use of an electroluminescent liquid crystal as a organic luminous layer enables omission of a carrier-transporting layer.

Abstract: A vacuum vapor deposition apparatus includes a vacuum chamber having a plurality of vapor sources and a heater for heating the vapor sources to achieve vacuum vapor deposition on a surface of at least one substrate within the vacuum chamber. At least one of the vapor sources utilizes an organic material. A hot wall, which encloses the vapor sources and a space in which the vapor sources and the substrate confront each other, is heated to a temperature at which the organic material is neither deposited nor decomposed. The organic material is vapor deposited on the surface of the substrate by heating the vapor sources while the vapor sources and the substrate are moved relative to each other.

Abstract: In an electroluminescent device comprising an anode, a cathode, and an electroluminescent organic layer interposed therebetween, wherein a luminescent material in the organic layer emits light upon application of a voltage between the anode and the cathode, an auxiliary carrier transporting layer which contains an aromatic amine derivative comprising recurring units of formula (1) and having a number average molecular weight of 200-100,000 is formed between the anode and the organic layer. R1 to R4 each are hydrogen, hydroxyl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon, organooxy, acyl or sulfonate group, excluding the case where all R1 to R4 are hydrogen atoms at the same time, and n is a positive number of 2-3,000.

Abstract: An aromatic amine derivative of the following general formula (1) is useful to form an auxiliary carrier transporting layer in an electroluminescent device. R1 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group or organooxy group, and A and B have the following general formula (2) or (3).

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device includes at least two light-emissive units provided between a cathode electrode and an anode electrode opposed to the cathode electrode, each of the light-emissive units including at least one light-emissive layer. The light-emissive units are partitioned from each other by at least one charge generation layer, the charge generation layer being an electrically insulating layer having a resistivity of not less than 1.0×102 &OHgr;cm.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device having a luminescent layer interposed between an anode and a cathode, on a substrate, wherein a layer containing an electron-accepting compound containing a boron atom represented by the following formula (I): wherein each of Ar1 to Ar3 which are independent of one another, is an aromatic hydrocarbocyclic group or aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, and a hole transport compound, is formed between the luminescent layer and the anode.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device includes at least one luminescent layer, constituted from an organic compound, provided between a cathode electrode and an anode electrode opposed to the cathode electrode; and an organic compound layer doped with a metal capable of acting as an electron-donating dopant, the organic compound layer being disposed as a metal doping layer in an interfacial surface with the cathode electrode. An emission spectrum of light emitted from the organic electroluminescent device is controlled by varying a layer thickness of the metal doping layer. Alternatively, the organic compound layer can be doped with an electron-accepting compound, disposed as a chemical doping layer in an interfacial surface with the anode electrode on the luminescent layer side; wherein an emission spectrum of light emitted from the organic electroluminescent device is controlled by varying a layer thickness of the chemical doping layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent (EL) device comprising at least one luminescent layer of an organic compound, the luminescent layer being positioned between a cathode electrode and an anode electrode opposed to the cathode electrode, and an organic layer positioned adjacent to the cathode electrode, in which the organic layer is constituted from an organic metal complex compound containing at least one of alkali metal ions, alkali earth metal ions and rare earth metal ions, and the cathode electrode is constituted from a metal capable of reducing the metal ion in the complex compound, in vacuum, to the corresponding metal. The cathode electrode can be formed from a low cost and stable metal which is well-known as the wiring material. The EL device ensures a diminished energy barrier in an electron injection from the cathode electrode into the luminescent layer, a lowered driving voltage, and a high efficiency and luminescence.

Abstract: A multicolor organic EL element having a light emitting layer containing at least two organic dyes that can act as light emitting center (luminescence center), wherein at least one of said organic dyes is modified so as to change the colors of the light emitted from the element, and a method for manufacturing the element, and a display using the element.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device having a luminescent layer interposed between an anode and a cathode, on a substrate, wherein a layer containing an electron-accepting compound containing a boron atom represented by the following formula (I): 1

Abstract: An electroluminescent device comprising an anode, a cathode, and at least one electroluminescent organic layer interposed therebetween, wherein a luminescent material in the organic layer emits light upon application of a voltage between the anode and the cathode, is characterized in that a salt of an electron accepting dopant with a polyimide precursor and/or polyimide having oligo-aniline units on side chains is formed as an auxiliary carrier transporting layer between the anode and the organic layer, the polyimide precursor and/or polyimide being obtained from a diamine component containing at least 1 mol % of an oligo-aniline unit-bearing diaminobenzene derivative and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride or derivative thereof.

Abstract: A molecular beam epitaxy effusion cell, in which effusion material 5 is heated to melt down to be evaporated, so as to generate vapor molecule for growth of a thin film thereof upon a solid body surface, comprises: a crucible 1 for containing the effusion material 5 therein; and a heating means for heating the effusion material 5 contained within the crucible 1, wherein in the crucible 1 is contained heat conduction medium 4, being stable thermally and chemically and having heat conductivity higher than that of the effusion material 5, such as of pyrolytic boron nitride (PBN), together with the effusion material 5.

Abstract: A successive vapor deposition system in which a vapor deposition material is heated, vaporized in a vacuum, and deposited onto a vapor deposition area of a substrate, includes a conveyer which conveys the substrate in a conveying direction parallel to a plane on which the substrate lies, wherein the vapor deposition area faces downward and is exposed through the underside of the conveyer; a plurality of vapor deposition chambers aligned in the conveying direction, each the vapor deposition chamber including a space through which the substrate is conveyed; at least one container positioned in each of the plurality of vapor deposition chambers below the plane on which the substrate lies, and containing the vapor deposition material, wherein a width of the container covers the vapor deposition area in a direction perpendicular to the conveying direction; and a heating medium provided for the container.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for forming a thin-film layer, such as a metallic film or a transparent conductive film, on a functional organic layer formed from an organic compound, by means of a sputtering method performed at a low discharge voltage and a low gas pressure, without imparting any damage to the surface of the organic layer. The thin-film layer is formed by use of a facing-targets-type sputtering apparatus including a pair of facing targets disposed a predetermined distance away from each other; an electron reflection electrode disposed on the periphery of each target; and magnetic field generation means disposed at the sides of each target. The magnetic field generation means generates a magnetic field extending from one target to the other so as to surround a confinement space provided between the paired targets, as well as a magnetic field having a portion parallel to the surface of each target in the vicinity of a peripheral edge portion of the target.

Abstract: A multicolor organic EL element having a light emitting layer containing at least two organic dyes that can act as light emitting center (luminescence center), wherein at least one of said organic dyes is modified so as to change the colors of the light emitted from the element, and a method for manufacturing the element, and a display using the element.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent panel having two luminescent layers interposed between a pair of electrode layers emits white light or colored light. One luminescent layer is composed of a hole transport host material and a first fluorescent material doped in the host material, and the other luminescent layer is composed of an electron transport host material and a second fluorescent material doped in the host material. Both luminescent layers simultaneously emit respective lights which in turn are mixed into a white light or colored light. To realize the simultaneous light emission from both luminescent layers and to enhance energy conversion efficiency, organic materials having a solid state fluorescence spectrum peak wavelength in a range of 380 nm-510 nm are used as both host materials, and materials having a solid state fluorescence spectrum which overlaps with that of the host materials or is shifted to a longer wavelength side are used as the fluorescent materials doped in the host materials.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device includes at least one light emission layer from an organic compound, the light emission layer being positioned between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode opposed to the anode electrode, in which an organic layer positioned adjacent to the anode electrode is from an organic compound which includes, as an electron-accepting dopant, an electron-accepting compound having a property of oxidizing the organic compound of said organic layer, said electron-accepting compound being doped to said organic layer in vacuum with a simultaneous evaporation method.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent (EL) device including at least one luminescent layer, constituted from an organic compound, between a cathode electrode and an anode electrode, the EL device further comprising an organic layer adjacent to the cathode electrode, in which the organic layer is constituted from a mixed layer of an electron-transporting organic compound and an organic metal complex compound containing at least one of alkali metal ions, alkali earth metal ions and rare earth metal ions, and the cathode electrode is constituted from a metal capable of reducing the metal ion(s) in the complex compound, in a vacuum, to the corresponding metal.

Abstract: A vacuum vapor deposition apparatus includes a vacuum chamber having a plurality of vapor sources and a heater for heating the vapor sources to achieve vacuum vapor deposition on a surface of at least one substrate within the vacuum chamber. At least one of the vapor sources utilizes an organic material. A hot wall, which encloses the vapor sources and a space in which the vapor sources and the substrate confront each other, is heated to a temperature at which the organic material is neither deposited nor decomposed. The organic material is vapor deposited on the surface of the substrate by heating the vapor sources while the vapor sources and the substrate are moved relative to each other.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent (EL) device comprising at least one luminescent layer of an organic compound, the luminescent layer being positioned between a cathode electrode and an anode electrode opposed to the cathode electrode, and an organic layer positioned adjacent to the cathode electrode, in which the organic layer is constituted from an organic metal complex compound containing at least one of alkali metal ions, alkali earth metal ions and rare earth metal ions, and the cathode electrode is constituted from a metal capable of reducing the metal ion in the complex compound, in vacuum, to the corresponding metal. The cathode electrode can be formed from a low cost and stable metal which is well-known as the wiring material. The EL device ensures a diminished energy barrier in an electron injection from the cathode electrode into the luminescent layer, a lowered driving voltage, and a high efficiency and luminescence.