Abstract: The new organic electroluminescent display device has a carrier-transporting layer 3 and/or an organic luminous layer 4 composed of a nematic liquid crystal or a liquid crystal dispersing a carrier-transporting low-molecule therein. When the organic luminous layer 4 is to be bestowed with faculty as a liquid crystal, it is made of a nematic liquid crystal. Both the carrier-transporting layer 3 and the organic luminous layer 4 may be bestowed with faculty as a liquid crystal. Since the liquid crystal is incorporated in the carrier-transporting layer 3 and/or the organic luminous layer 4, the display device can be driven as a liquid crystal display device in a dark place by charging with a voltage lower than a light emission initiating potential. Of course, it is driven as an electroluminescent display device when it is charged with a voltage higher than the light emission initiating potential.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device includes at least one light emission layer from an organic compound, the light emission layer being positioned between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode opposed to the anode electrode, in which an organic layer positioned adjacent to the anode electrode is from an organic compound which includes, as an electron-accepting dopant, an electron-accepting compound having a property of oxidizing the organic compound of said organic layer, said electron-accepting compound being doped to said organic layer in vacuum with a simultaneous evaporation method.

Abstract: A vapor deposition method of an organic compound comprises introducing a mixture of an organic compound powder with a powder or crushed particles of at least one of a ceramic, a metal, and a metal coated with a ceramic in a receptacle; and heating the receptacle which contains the mixture, in a vacuum, so that the organic compound is sublimated or vaporized, and is deposited onto an object surface so as to form a thin organic compound layer thereon.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent (EL) device includes at least one luminescent layer having an organic compound doped with a metal capable of acting as a donor dopant, in adjacent to a cathode electrode. The EL device ensures a diminished energy barrier in an electron injection from the cathode electrode into the luminescent layer, i.e., metal-doped organic compound layer, and thus a lowered driving voltage. The lowered driving voltage can be obtained regardless of the work function of the cathode material.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element (device) having different layer structures. The first element is a layer of a lower-molecular 1,2,4-triazole derivative; the second element is a carrier-transport control layer for selectively transporting holes or electrons, which is interposed between an electron-transport layer and a hole-transport layer. The third element is a hole-transport wherein a dye is molecularly dispersed and an electron-transport layer, both being laminated each other. The fourth element is a layer containing a high-molecular 1,2,4-triazole derivative as a hole-transport material; and the fifth element is a hole-transport layer wherein a hole-transport material is molecularly dispersed in a high-molecular 1,2,4-triazole derivative as a resin binder. The organic electroluminescent device is excellent in luminous efficiency, luminance and stability, permitting blue light emission, multi-color light emission (three primary color), and white light.

Abstract: The first organic electroluminescent device is prepared by laminating the hole-transport luminescent layer 1 in which a dye is molecularly dispersed, and the electron-transport layer 2 containing a triazole derivative of the following formula (1). The second organic electroluminescent device has the layer containing the above triazole derivative. The third organic electroluminescent device wherein the layer containing the triazole derivative is interposed between the electron-transport layer and a hole-transport layer.Every device is excellent in luminous efficiency, luminance and stability, realizing blue light emission, the multi-color displays and white light emission due to three primary colors. ##STR1## wherein the numeral references have the same meanings stated in specification.

Abstract: The triazole derivatives of this invention are expressed by the general formula (1).The organic electroluminescent device of this invention have a layer containing at least one triazole derivative of the general formulas (1) and (2).Such triazole derivatives are excellent in electron-transport efficiency, hole-blocking properties and heat resistance, and such organic electroluminescent devices are excellent in luminous efficiency, luminance and stability. ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 have the same meanings as indicated in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electroluminescent devices, which may be used as colored display elements in indicator devices or flat plate multicolored displays. Electroluminescent elements can be categorized as natural or injection type. The present invention relates to injection type electroluminescent devices which operate by the application of a current through the system, creating luminescence at a p-n junction.