Abstract: An optical transmission line is formed and thereafter solidified using an optical transmission line forming material in the fluid condition. The optical transmission line formed between optical transmission terminals assures higher reliability and never generates disconnection or internal stress therein.

Abstract: To improve resistance to environmental changes and enhance system extensibility, the present invention provides an optical bus for transmitting an optical signal, which has diffusers distributed in a optical transmission layer to diffuse an input signal beam and propagate the diffused signal beam, and a signal processor for carrying out signal processing including transmission and reception of a signal beam using the optical bus.

Abstract: If a resist pattern is formed on a titanium-based thin film, and a titanium-based thin film is etched with an NH.sub.4 OH--H.sub.2 O.sub.2 --H.sub.2 O-based etching solution with an ammonia concentration of 3% or less, irregularities on pattern faces due to etching can be eliminated, and the amount of side etching at the titanium thin film below the resist pattern ends can be suppressed to 1 .mu.m or less.

Abstract: When a forward or reverse voltage is applied to two diodes 1 and 2 connected in series in the same direction, the junction CP of the two diodes is switched for a comparatively low-impedance state to a high-impedance state or vice versa, so that a photoelectric transducer 3 connected to the junction CP is brought to either a reset or storage state. With an improved image pickup device having this construction, the impedance at the junction CP can definitely be held at low level in all instances without being influenced by the amount of illumination on the photoelectric transducer 3, whereby it can be saturated within a predetermined reset time so as to prevent the generation of residual charges.

Abstract: A circuit for driving an oscillatory-wave motor, which generates traveling oscillatory waves on a surface of an elastic body by applying a drive frequency voltage to an electro-mechanical energy conversion element securely fixed to the elastic body to drive a movable body in friction-contact with the surface of the elastic body, includes: an electro-mechanical energy conversion element, securely fixed to the elastic body, for detecting an oscillation frequency during the driving of the oscillatory-wave motor; a feedback signal output device for outputting feedback signals on the basis of the output of the element; an optimum drive-frequency detection device for detecting an optimum drive frequency of the oscillatory-wave motor only on the basis of the feedback signals; and an automatic drive-frequency tracking circuit for outputting detected values from the detection device as voltage values to a voltage control oscillator for generating drive frequency voltage signals.

Abstract: An image sensor is provided with a plurality of photodiodes each having a better forward-current responsiveness and a smaller dark current in the reverse direction. Each of the photodiodes includes a two-layered photoelectric conversion layer made of non-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon. One of these two layers, which has an interface that prevents electrons from escaping when photogenerated electric charge is stored, is deposited at a lower temperature than the other. The photodiodes are arranged in rows on a transparent electrode. The photodiodes operate in pairs, each pair corresponding to one picture element and having a first photodiode connected to a second photodiode in series, with opposite polarity. All the first photodiodes are connected to a detecting circuit and all the second photodiodes are connected to a pulse generating circuit.

Abstract: An image sensor capable of reading with high sensitivity at high speed, in which each light-receiving element consists of two photodiodes PD1 and PD2, which comprise a transparent substrate 1, a metal electrode 2, photoelectric transducing layers 3a and 3b, transparent electrodes 4a and 4b and an insulating layer 5, which layers are formed in superposition and patterned to provide PD1 and PD2 that are interconnected in such a way that the relationship of polarities of one photodiode is reverse to that of the other photodiode. The transparent electrode 4a of photodiode PD1 is connected to a common electrode wiring 7 (typically made of aluminum) via a contact hole 6a formed in the insulating layer 5, whereas the transparent electrode 4b of photodiode PD2 is connected to a lead wiring 8 (typically made of aluminum) via a contact hole 6b also formed in the insulating layer 5.

Abstract: A metal film and a doped a-Si film are deposited on a glass substrate, and successively etched by photolithography using the same resist pattern, to form a metal electrode and doped a-Si layers. The doped a-Si layers thus formed are then re-etched to remove portions protruding from the metal electrode. Then, a non-doped a-Si layer and a transparent electrode are successively formed on the doped a-Si layer. A protection film may additionally be deposited on the glass substrate before the deposition of the metal film.

Abstract: Circuitry for driving an ultrasonic motor in which a rotor is driven by travelling waves generated by a piezoelectric effect, which circuitry includes a pulse generator for generating pulses applied to the ultrasonic motor for driving the same, a driving pulse width changing circuit for changing the width of the driving pulse to change the rotational speed of the motor, a feed-back piezoelectric element provided on the motor for generating a feed-back signal in response to the rotational speed of motor, and a driving frequency automatic tracking circuit responsive to the feed back signal from the motor for generating a voltage signal to control the pulse generator.