Abstract: A solar cell is discussed. The solar cell according to an embodiment includes a substrate of a first conductive type, an emitter layer of a second conductive type opposite the first conductive type, which forms a p-n junction along with the substrate, a first anti-reflection layer on the emitter layer, a second anti-reflection layer on the first anti-reflection layer, a first electrode part connected to the emitter layer, and a second electrode part connected to the substrate. The first anti-reflection layer is formed of silicon nitride, and the second anti-reflection layer is formed of silicon oxide.

Abstract: An image processing controller of a display apparatus includes: a memory configured to store a plurality of dithering maps; and a dithering unit configured to receive an image signal and a control signal and to output a data signal, where the dithering unit selects a frame set of H frame sets based on the control signal, where H is a positive integer, and each of the H frame set corresponds to the plurality of dithering maps in a predetermined order, and the dithering unit selects dithers the image signal sequentially with reference to the plurality of dithering maps in the selected frame set, and outputs the dithered signal as the data signal.

Abstract: A solar cell is discussed. The solar cell includes a semiconductor substrate of a first conductive type, an emitter region of a second conductive type opposite the first conductive type, which is positioned at a front surface of the semiconductor substrate, a front passivation part positioned on a front surface of the emitter region, a front electrode part which passes through the front passivation part and is electrically connected to the emitter region, a back passivation part positioned on a back surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a back electrode part which passes through the back passivation part and is electrically connected to the semiconductor substrate. The front passivation part and the back passivation part each include a silicon oxide layer. One of the front passivation part and the back passivation part includes an aluminum oxide layer.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solar cell is discussed. The method may include injecting first impurity ions at a first surface of a substrate by using a first ion implantation method to form a first impurity region, the substrate having a first conductivity type and the first impurity ions having a second conductivity type, and the first impurity region having the second conductivity type; heating the substrate with the first impurity region to activate the first impurity region to form an emitter region from the first impurity region; etching the emitter region from a surface of the emitter region to a predetermined depth to form an emitter part from the emitter region; and forming a first electrode on the emitter part to connect to the emitter part and a second electrode on a second surface of the substrate to connect to the second surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The solar cell includes a first conductive type substrate, an emitter layer of a second conductive type opposite the first conductive type, the emitter layer and the substrate forming a p-n junction, a plurality of first electrodes electrically connected to the emitter layer, at least one current collector connected to the plurality of first electrodes, and a second electrode electrically connected to the substrate. Each of the plurality of first electrodes includes a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer on the first electrode layer. The at least one current collector includes a plurality of first current collector layers having a plurality of first portions and at least one second current collector layer on the plurality of first current collector layers.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a first conductivity type substrate; an emitter unit having a second conductivity type opposite to the first conductivity type, and forming a p-n junction with the substrate; an anti-reflective film positioned on the emitter unit; a plurality of first electrodes positioned on the anti-reflective film and connected with the emitter unit; and a second electrode connected with the substrate, wherein the emitter unit includes a first region and a second region that are positioned between an outermost first electrode among the plurality of first electrodes and the edge of the substrate, and a thickness of the first region gradually increases in going from the edge of the substrate to the outermost first electrode, and a thickness of the second region is uniform.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solar cell is discussed. The method may include injecting first impurity ions at a first surface of a substrate by using a first ion implantation method to form a first impurity region, the substrate having a first conductivity type and the first impurity ions having a second conductivity type, and the first impurity region having the second conductivity type; heating the substrate with the first impurity region to activate the first impurity region to form an emitter region from the first impurity region; etching the emitter region from a surface of the emitter region to a predetermined depth to form an emitter part from the emitter region; and forming a first electrode on the emitter part to connect to the emitter part and a second electrode on a second surface of the substrate to connect to the second surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a solar cell includes forming jagged portions non-uniformly on a surface of a substrate, forming a first type semiconductor and a second type semiconductor in the substrate, forming a first electrode to contact the first type semiconductor, and forming a second electrode to contact the second type semiconductor. An etchant used in a wet etching process in manufacturing the solar cell includes about 0.5 wt % to 10 wt % of HF, about 30 wt % to 60 wt % of HNO3, and up to about 30 wt % of acetic acid based on total weight of the etchant.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a solar cell includes forming jagged portions non-uniformly on a surface of a substrate, forming a first type semiconductor and a second type semiconductor in the substrate, forming a first electrode to contact the first type semiconductor, and forming a second electrode to contact the second type semiconductor. An etchant used in a wet etching process in manufacturing the solar cell includes about 0.5 wt % to 10 wt % of HF, about 30 wt % to 60 wt % of HNO3, and up to about 30 wt % of acetic acid based on total weight of the etchant.

Abstract: A solar cell and a solar cell module including the solar cells are disclosed. The solar cell includes a substrate of a first conductive type; an emitter layer of a second conductive type positioned at a light receiving surface of the substrate; a plurality of first electrodes that are positioned on the emitter layer and are electrically connected to the emitter layer; and at least one first current collector that is positioned on the emitter layer in a direction crossing the plurality of first electrodes, wherein a thickness of each of the plurality of first electrodes is different from a thickness of the at least one first current collector, and a difference of the thickness of the each first electrode to the thickness of the at least one current collector is equal to or less than about 0.5 times the thickness of the at least one first current collector.

Abstract: A solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The method for manufacturing the solar cell includes forming an emitter region of a second conductive type opposite a first conductive type at a first surface of a substrate of the first conductive type by using an ion implantation method, forming a passivation layer on a second surface positioned opposite the first surface of the substrate, and forming a first electrode, which is positioned on the first surface of the substrate and is connected to the emitter region, and a second electrode, which is positioned on the second surface of the substrate and is selectively connected to the substrate through the passivation layer.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a substrate of a first conductive type, an emitter layer which is positioned at one surface of the substrate and has a second conductive type opposite the first conductive type, an anti-reflection layer which is positioned on the emitter layer and has a contact line, and an electrode part positioned on the emitter layer exposed by the contact line. The electrode part includes a seed layer directly contacting the emitter layer. The emitter layer has a first thickness of a formation area of the anti-reflection layer and a second thickness of a formation area of the seed layer. The first thickness is different from the second thickness.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solar cell is discussed. The method may include injecting first impurity ions at a first surface of a substrate by using a first ion implantation method to form a first impurity region, the substrate having a first conductivity type and the first impurity region having a second conductivity type, heating the substrate with the first impurity region to activate the first impurity region to form an emitter region, etching the emitter region from a surface of the emitter region to a predetermined depth to form an emitter part, and forming a first electrode on the emitter part to connect to the emitter part and a second electrode on a second surface of the substrate, which is opposite the first surface of the substrate to connect to the second surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a substrate of a first conductive type, an emitter layer which is positioned at an incident surface of the substrate and has a second conductive type opposite the first conductive type, a front electrode which is positioned on the incident surface of the substrate and is electrically connected to the emitter layer, a back passivation layer which is positioned on a back surface opposite the incident surface of the substrate, has at least one hole, and contains intrinsic silicon, and a back electrode layer positioned on the back passivation layer. The back electrode layer is electrically connected to the substrate through the at least one hole of the back passivation layer and contains a distribution of a silicon material.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a first conductivity type substrate; an emitter unit having a second conductivity type opposite to the first conductivity type, and forming a p-n junction with the substrate; an anti-reflective film positioned on the emitter unit; a plurality of first electrodes positioned on the anti-reflective film and connected with the emitter unit; and a second electrode connected with the substrate, wherein the emitter unit includes a first region and a second region that are positioned between an outermost first electrode among the plurality of first electrodes and the edge of the substrate, and a thickness of the first region gradually increases in going from the edge of the substrate to the outermost first electrode, and a thickness of the second region is uniform.

Abstract: A solar cell module is discussed. The solar cell module includes a plurality of solar cells each including a substrate and an anti-reflection layer positioned on the substrate, a protective member surrounding the plurality of solar cells, and a transparent member positioned on the protective member. The protective member is formed of a silicon resin. The anti-reflection layer includes a first anti-reflection layer positioned on the substrate and a second anti-reflection layer positioned on the first anti-reflection layer. The first anti-reflection layer and the second anti-reflection layer are formed of different materials.

Abstract: A solar cell is discussed. The solar cell according to an embodiment includes a substrate of a first conductive type, an emitter layer of a second conductive type opposite the first conductive type, which forms a p-n junction along with the substrate, a first anti-reflection layer on the emitter layer, a second anti-reflection layer on the first anti-reflection layer, a first electrode part connected to the emitter layer, and a second electrode part connected to the substrate. The first anti-reflection layer is formed of silicon nitride, and the second anti-reflection layer is formed of silicon oxide.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solar cell includes forming a passivation layer on a rear surface of a substrate of a first conductivity type; forming connecting electrodes having a plurality of electrical contacts that are in contact with the rear surface of the substrate by using a first paste for a first temperature firing on portions of the passivation layer; and forming a rear electrode layer by using a second paste for a second temperature firing on the passivation layer and the plurality of electrical contacts, wherein a temperature of the second temperature firing is lower than a temperature of the first temperature firing.

Abstract: A solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The solar cell includes a first conductive type substrate, an emitter layer of a second conductive type opposite the first conductive type, the emitter layer and the substrate forming a p-n junction, a plurality of first electrodes electrically connected to the emitter layer, and a second electrode electrically connected to the substrate. At least one of the plurality of first electrodes includes a first electrode layer, a plurality of first electrode auxiliaries separated from the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer positioned on an upper surface and a lateral surface of the first electrode layer and on an upper surface and a lateral surface of each of the plurality of first electrode auxiliaries.

Abstract: A selective emitter solar cell is discussed. The selective emitter solar cell includes a substrate of a first conductive type, an emitter layer of a second conductive type positioned on a light receiving surface of the substrate, and a plurality of first electrodes that are positioned on the emitter layer and are electrically connected to the emitter layer. The emitter layer includes a first emitter portion having a first impurity concentration and a second emitter portion having a second impurity concentration higher than the first impurity concentration. The second emitter portion includes a first region that directly contacts at least one of the plurality of first electrodes and overlaps the at least one of the plurality of first electrodes and a second region that is positioned around the first region and does not overlap the at least one of the plurality of first electrodes.