Abstract: A method for determining a refractive correction for an eye involves measuring an optical error of the eye, calculating at least one image quality parameter for a selected spatial frequency of range of spatial frequencies, based on the measured optical error of the eye, and forming a plan for refractive correction of the optical error, based on the calculated image quality parometer. In some embodiments, measuring the optical error involves taking one or more wavefront measurements. In some embodiments, calculating the parameter involves calculation a modulation transfer function.

Abstract: A multitask vision architecture is constructed based on multitask vision-metrics derived from wave aberration of the eye. The multitask vision metrics include at least one of the followings: vision clarity of eye that measures optical quality of an eye against those in a cohort of eyes with normal acuity, aberration-induced vision symptoms, retinal image quality for best vision and night vision, and retinal image quality for a range of focus depth. The multitask vision architectures is applied for determining a wavefront shape for an optimized vision correction, for specifying excessive aberrations in an eye, and for specifying quality of a vision product.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for improving vision and the resolution of retinal images is described in which a point source produced on the retina of a living eye by a laser beam is reflected from the retina and received at a lenslet array of a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor such that each of the lenslets in the lenslet array forms an aerial image of the retinal point source on a CCD camera located adjacent to the lenslet array. The output signal from the CCD camera is acquired by a computer which processes the signal and produces a correction signal which may be used to control a compensating optical or wavefront compensation device such as a deformable mirror. It may also be used to fabricate a contact lens or intraocular lens, or to guide a surgical procedure to correct the aberrations of the eye. Any of these methods could correct aberrations beyond defocus and astigmatism, allowing improved vision and improved imaging of the inside of the eye.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for improving vision and the resolution of retinal images is described in which a point source produced on the retina of a living eye by a laser beam is reflected from the retina and received at a lenslet array of a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor such that each of the lenslets in the lenslet array forms an aerial image of the retinal point source on a CCD camera located adjacent to the lenslet array. The output signal from the CCD camera is acquired by a computer which processes the signal and produces a correction signal which may be used to control a compensating optical or wavefront compensation device such as a deformable mirror. It may also be used to fabricate a contact lens or intraocular lens, or to guide a surgical procedure to correct the aberrations of the eye. Any of these methods could correct aberrations beyond defocus and astigmatism, allowing improved vision and improved imaging of the inside of the eye.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for improving vision and the resolution of retinal images is described in which a point source produced on the retina of a living eye by a laser beam is reflected from the retina and received at a lenslet array of a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor such that each of the lenslets in the lenslet array forms an aerial image of the retinal point source on a CCD camera located adjacent to the lenslet array. The output signal from the CCD camera is acquired by a computer which processes the signal and produces a correction signal which may be used to control a compensating optical or wavefront compensation device such as a deformable mirror. It may also be used to fabricate a contact lens or intraocular lens, or to guide a surgical procedure to correct the aberrations of the eye. Any of these methods could correct aberrations beyond defocus and astigmatism, allowing improved vision and improved imaging of the inside of the eye.

Abstract: A wavefront sensor enhances calibration of a laser ablation system, such as a laser eye surgery system, by measuring one or more characteristics of an ablated test surface. Typically, light is passed through the ablated test surface, and the light is analyzed to determine the test surface characteristics. In some embodiments, the ablated test surface is positioned along a treatment plane. In some embodiments, light is passed through a wavefront sensor, such as a Hartmann-Shack sensor, to convert the light into electrical signals. A processor then converts the electrical signals into data, such as surface maps showing high-order aberrations and/or artifacts on the test surface, refractive power measurements, shape measurements, and the like. Generated data may then be used to calibrate a laser surgery system.

Abstract: Transmittance of light through a pupil or to the retina of a patient's eye is controlled to improve night vision. In one example, this involves providing an ocular device in the form of a contact lens having a central, disk shaped clear window having a diameter that is custom designed based high-order aberrations in an eye and less than the diameter of the patient's pupil at night. The ocular device also has an annular portion that surrounds the disk shaped window portion. The annular portion comprises material that provides reduced light transmittance to provide controlled light transmission at pupil periphery at night and to the retina of a patient. Such controlled light transmittance can reduce photon noise that otherwise can exacerbate halos and ghosts that one can experience at night and/or it can improve night vision contrast. In the case of a contact lens and corneal inlay, light transmittance is controlled across the cornea.

Abstract: A wavefront sensing system for measuring wave aberration of an eye comprises an illumination light source configured to produce a compact light source at the retina of the eye, a small opaque stop configured to block corneal reflection of the illumination light, a wavefront sensor configured to measure the outgoing wavefront originated from the compact light source at the retina. Measuring wave aberration of an eye can be improved by using a Hartmann-Shack sensor with a fixed, localized mark on the lenslet array for unique identification of each focus spot of the sensor to its corresponding lenslet, and by including a refractive correction module and a wavefront fusing algorithms for the determination of wave aberration of an at its far accommodation point. In an additional aspect, a wavefront sensing system is designed to provide more comprehensive diagnosis of refractive corrections by measuring light scattering in the eye as well as wavefront data of lenses used for refractive corrections.

Abstract: A multitask vision architecture is constructed based on multitask vision-metrics derived from wave aberration of the eye. The multitask vision metrics include at least one of the followings: vision clarity of eye that measures optical quality of an eye against those in a cohort of eyes with normal acuity, aberration-induced vision symptoms, retinal image quality for best vision and night vision, and retinal image quality for a range of focus depth. The multitask vision architectures is applied for determining a wavefront shape for an optimized vision correction, for specifying excessive aberrations in an eye, and for specifying quality of a vision product.

Abstract: Accommodation-Free Wavefront, wave aberration of an eye at the far accommodation points, is determined using a wavefront fusion algorithm by obtaining a wave aberration of an eye from a wavefront measurement, obtaining a manifest refraction of an eye at a far accommodation point according to a conventional subjective refraction, and determining a wave aberration of the eye at its far accommodation point based on a combination of the manifest refraction and the measured wave aberration of the same eye. Wave aberration of an eye at the far accommodation points enable accommodation-free wavefront-guided vision corrections as well as comprehensive vision diagnosis of human vision based on a true-vision wavefront. True-Vision wavefront is determined from the accommodation-free wavefront with removal of a refractive prescription of a correction lens if the lens is used for a sphero-cylindrical correction.

Abstract: Relative MTF scores for an eye are determined by obtaining at least one wave aberration of an eye, calculating at least one modulation transfer function from the wave aberration of the tested eye, specifying image quality of the eye using a relative MTF score system derived from the calculated modulation transfer function of the tested eye and a set of modulation transfer functions from a cohort of eyes with normal visual acuity. Methods for comparing image quality of different eyes under equal conditions and at different pupil sizes include comparing MTF of different eyes for best MTF in all pupil sizes and MTF of different eyes for night vision at a large pupil size that is different from eye to eye.

Abstract: Aberration-induced vision symptoms are determined by obtaining at least one wave aberration of an eye, calculating at least one point-spread function from the wave aberration, convolving the point-spread function of eye with at least one specially designed image for night vision diagnosis, and determining at least one aberration-induced vision symptom of the tested eye from the convolved images. The specially designed images are for vision diagnosis of aberration-induced glare, halo, ghost image, and starburst. The invention methods for specifying aberration-induced symptoms allow to find an optimized refractive corrections of defocus and astigmatism and to reduce vision symptoms caused by aberrations in the eye.

Abstract: A wavefront sensing system for determining the wave aberration of an eye comprises a fixation target configured to keep the eye focus at its far accommodation point by illuminating the fixation target with a light source at a location optically conjugate to the cornea of the eye, an illumination light source configured to produce a compact light source at the retina of the eye, and a wavefront sensor configured to measure the outgoing wavefront originated from the compact light source at the retina. The compact light source at the retina of the eye in the wavefront sensing system is obtained by illuminating the cornea of the eye with a fixed divergent beam that is optimized for a normal population without the need of a refractive correction for the focus error and astigmatism. The outgoing wavefront originated from the compact light source at the retina is refracted by a cylindrical lens before being measured if the wavefront sensor is a Hartmann-Shack sensor.

Abstract: A method for analyzing wavefront sensing images as an array of focus spots comprise obtaining a wavefront sensing image of an optical object such as an eye using a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor, determining at least one average distance between the neighboring focus spots in the wavefront images. The method for analyzing wavefront sensing images further includes calculating a sphero-cylindrical error, detecting the focus spots of the wavefront image automatically, calculating the wavefront slopes at an array of sampling locations, and reconstructing the wave aberration of the tested optical object from the measured wavefront slopes using a least-squares estimator. The least-squares estimator includes a modal wavefront reconstruction using Zernike polynomials with a Zernike order larger than 10 and less than or equal to the number of sampling points along one axis in the sampled area.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for improving vision and the resolution of retinal images is described in which a point source produced on the retina of a living eye by a laser beam is reflected from the retina and received at a lenslet array of a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor such that each of the lenslets in the lenslet array forms an aerial image of the retinal point source on a CCD camera located adjacent to the lenslet array. The output signal from the CCD camera is acquired by a computer which processes the signal and produces a correction signal which may be used to control a compensating optical or wavefront compensation device such as a deformable mirror. It may also be used to fabricate a contact lens or intraocular lens, or to guide a surgical procedure to correct the aberrations of the eye. Any of these methods could correct aberrations beyond defocus and astigmatism, allowing improved vision and improved imaging of the inside of the eye.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for improving vision and the resolution of retinal images is described in which a point source produced on the retina of a living eye by a laser beam is reflected from the retina and received at a lenslet array of a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor such that each of the lenslets in the lenslet array forms an aerial image of the retinal point source on a CCD camera located adjacent to the lenslet array. The output signal from the CCD camera is acquired by a computer which processes the signal and produces a correction signal which may be used to control a compensating optical or wavefront compensation device such as a deformable mirror. It may also be used to fabricate a contact lens or intraocular lens, or to guide a surgical procedure to correct the aberrations of the eye. Any of these methods could correct aberrations beyond defocus and astigmatism, allowing improved vision and improved imaging of the inside of the eye.

Abstract: Optical correction methods, devices, and systems reduce optical aberrations or inhibit refractive surgery induced aberrations. Error source control and adjustment or optimization of ablation profiles or other optical data address high order aberrations. A simulation approach identifies and characterizes system factors that can contribute to, or that can be adjusted to inhibit, optical aberrations. Modeling effects of system components facilitates adjustment of the system parameters.

Abstract: A wavefront sensor enhances calibration of a laser ablation system, such as a laser eye surgery system, by measuring one or more characteristics of an ablated test surface. Typically, light is passed through the ablated test surface, and the light is analyzed to determine the test surface characteristics. In some embodiments, the ablated test surface is positioned along a treatment plane. In some embodiments, light is passed through a wavefront sensor, such as a Hartmann-Shack sensor, to convert the light into electrical signals. A processor then converts the electrical signals into data, such as surface maps showing high-order aberrations and/or artifacts on the test surface, refractive power measurements, shape measurements, and the like. Generated data may then be used to calibrate a laser surgery system.

Abstract: A method for determining a refractive correction for an eye involves measuring an optical error of the eye, calculating at least one image quality parameter for a selected spatial frequency of range of spatial frequencies, based on the measured optical error of the eye, and forming a plan for refractive correction of the optical error, based on the calculated image quality parometer. In some embodiments, measuring the optical error involves taking one or more wavefront measurements. In some embodiments, calculating the parameter involves calculation a modulation transfer function.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring vision characteristics of an eye includes a laser for providing an optical beam and a focusing element for focusing the optical beam behind a retina of the eye for providing a finite source of secondary radiation on the retina of the eye. The secondary radiation is emitted from the retina as a reflected wavefront of radiation that passes outward from the eye. A polarizer is placed within a path of the optical beam for transmitting a polarized wavefront therethrough. A wavefront analyzer receives the polarized wavefront for measuring distortions associated therewith.