Abstract: The invention relates to a process for evaporating a liquid containing vaporizable oxidation-sensitive compounds in an evaporator in which the liquid is brought into contact with a heated solid surface for evaporation, by a process in which direct contact between the resulting vapor phase and the heated solid surface is substantially avoided. It also directed to an evaporator composed of a heatable solid surface (16), an apparatus (2, 3) for heating the solid surface and an apparatus (10) for feeding a liquid containing vaporizable compounds to the heatable solid surface, wherein the apparatus for feeding the liquid is designed and arranged in the evaporator in such a way (12, 14, 18) that direct contact between a resulting vapor phase and the heatable solid surface is substantially avoided.

Abstract: Fuel or lubricant additives based on reaction products of an ethylenically unsaturated poly-1-alkene derived from one or more 1-alkenes of 3 to 24 carbon atoms and from 0 to 50% by weight of ethene, processes for their preparation and fuel or lubricant compositions containing these additives are described.

Abstract: The preparation of alkoxylates of oligoamines or polyamines by a two-stage procedure where, in the first stage, one molecule of alkylene oxide per NH group is added onto the oligoamines or polyamines in the presence of water, alcohols or acids or a mixture thereof in the absence of a neutral or basic catalyst and, in the second stage, after removal of water and acids reaction with further alkylene oxide is carried out in the presence of a conventional neutral or basic catalyst, entails, before the second stage is carried out, an organic solvent or diluent or a mixture thereof from the group of(a) alcohols and phenols and their alkoxylates,(b) polyalcohols based on ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or a mixture thereof,(c) N-substituted carboxamides,(d) alkanolmonoamines and alkanolpolyamines and their alkoxylates,(e) other alkoxylates of oligoamines or polyamines,(f) aromatic hydrocarbons,(g) aliphatic hydrocarbons,(h) ethers and(i) sulfones or sulfoxidesbeing added.

Abstract: The invention relates to pyridine-2,4- and -2,5-dicarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and X have the meanings given, a process for the preparation of these compounds and their use, in particular in medicaments for influencing the metabolism of collagen and collagen-like substances or the biosynthesis of Cl.sub.q.

Abstract: The invention relates to pyridine-2,4- and -2,5-dicarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, 3.sup.3, R.sup.4 and X have the meanings given, a process for the preparation of these compounds and their use, in particular in medicaments for influencing the metabolism of collagen and collagen-like substances or the biosynthesis of Cl.sub.q.

Abstract: A method of producing microstructures having regions of different structural height includes providing a layer of positive resist material that is sensitive to X-ray radiation with microstructures on a side facing a source of X-rays. Using a mask, the layer of a positive resist material is partially irradiated with the X-rays. The irradiated regions are removed with the aid of a developer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing microstructured metallic bodies in which plastic negative molds of the microstructures are produced on an electrically conductive base plate by means of electron beam lithography, X-ray lithography or a micromolding technique. Cavities of the negative molds are filled with metal by electroplating while employing the electrically conductive base plate as an electrode. In the course of producing the negative molds, a residual plastic layer is left at the bottom of the cavities of the negative molds on the electrically conductive base plate. Also, before the cavities of the negative molds are filled with metal by electroplating, the residual plastic layer at the bottom of the cavities is removed by means of reactive ion etching with ions that are accelerated perpendicularly toward the surface of the base plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to pyridine-2,4- and -2,5-dicarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and X have the meanings given, a process for the preparation of these compounds and their use, in particular in medicaments for influencing the metabolism of collagen and collagen-like substances or the biosynthesis of Cl.sub.q.

Abstract: A process for the lithographic manufacture of electroformable microstructure having a triangular or trapezoidal cross-section from a resist material.A composite body is provided which is comprised of a layer of resist material on an electrically conductive substrate. The resist layer is irradiated to form irradiated band regions in the resist layer by conducting a first irradiation in which the substrate having the resist layer thereon is positioned at an angle of +.alpha. relative to a plane orthogonal to the incident radiation to form a first set of band-shaped regions, and a second irradiation in which the substrate is positioned at an angle of -.alpha. relative to a plane orthogonal to the incident radiation to form a second set of band-shaped regions which overlap the first set at the interface between the resist layer and the substrate. The irradiated regions of the resist layer are developed to produce microstructures.

Abstract: The invention relates to pyridine-2,4- and -2,5-dicarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and X have the meanings given, a process for the preparation of these compounds and their use, in particular in medicaments for influencing the metabolism of collagen and collagne-like substances or the biosynthesis of Cl.sub.q.

Abstract: A process for producing a filter including a microporous membrane and a supporting structure connected thereto, including producing a mold for the membrane and the supporting structure, filling the mold with a molding material whose solubility can be changed by high energy radiation, and forming the micropores by partial irradiation of the membrane with high energy radiation and removal of the regions having increased solubility. The filter produced according to the above method is a unitary structure with the supporting structure integrally connected to the membrane.

Abstract: Esters of pyridine-2,4- and -2,5-dicarboxylic acid act as inhibitors of proline hydroxylase and lysine hydroxylase and are suitable as fibrosuppressants and immunosuppressants, in particular for the treatment of disturbances of the metabolism of collagen and collagen-like substances and of the biosynthesis of Cl.sub.q.