Abstract: An ultra-high reliability station (UHR STA) requests that medium access control (MAC) header protection padding be included in an MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU). A protected control frame may be received from the UHR AP comprising an MPDU that includes a MAC header protection padding field. The MAC header protection padding field may comprise padding to allow for additional time for the processing circuitry to compute the MIC before sending the ACK. For multi-link operations (MLOs) when MAC header protection padding is used, each link may be configured with an independent replay counter and a different key is used for the protected control frame and a protected MAC header in each link. The independent replay counter in each link is reset to zero when the key is derived or rekeyed and set to a packet or sequence number (PN or SN) of the protected control frame or protected MAC header when the MIC is verified.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to using padding bits for protecting trigger frames, block acknowledgement request frames, and block acknowledgement frames in Wi-Fi. A device may generate padding bits of a trigger frame, a block acknowledgment request frame, or a block acknowledgement frame; generate one or more fields signaling that the padding bits are present in the trigger frame, the block acknowledgement request frame, or the block acknowledgement frame; and cause to send the trigger frame, the block acknowledgement request frame, or the block acknowledgement frame to one or more STAs, the trigger frame, the block acknowledgement request frame, or the block acknowledgement frame including the one or more fields and the padding bits.

Abstract: A method of adaptably detecting dirt, occlusion and smudge on camera lens and image sensor includes capturing an image; subjecting original pixels of the image to sampling to result in sampled pixels; excluding outliers of the sampled pixels to result in retained pixels; obtaining an average value of the retained pixels; obtaining a tolerance value according to luminance values of the retained pixels; generating a threshold value for determining dirt, occlusion and smudge on camera lens and image sensor in the image according to the tolerance value and the average value of the retained pixels; and comparing a luminance value of at least one pixel of the image with a corresponding threshold value.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods directed to transfer learning of cascaded EDFA models error accumulations in a multi-span system in which a two-step method using transfer learning is employed to reduce EDFA model error accumulation in a multi-span system. A first step of employs existing pretrained component-level ML-based EDFA models in chain to create a large synthetic dataset. The synthetic dataset includes all related features and labels for a specific end-to-end link. A source model is trained based on the large synthetic dataset. To accommodate a performance prediction gap between real link condition and the source model, which is trained on synthetic dataset, our method employs a second step that collects a few measurements from the real end-to-end link and makes few-shots learning to transfer the synthesis-data-based source model to real-data-based target model.

Abstract: A neutron measuring method includes placing a conversion material on a first positioning component, in which the conversion material includes a radioactive region. A radiation dosimeter is placed on a second positioning component. The first positioning component and the second positioning component are overlapped such that the radioactive region of the conversion material is exposed to the radiation dosimeter.

Abstract: Epitaxial source/drain structures for enhancing performance of multigate devices, such as fin-like field-effect transistors (FETs) or gate-all-around (GAA) FETs, and methods of fabricating the epitaxial source/drain structures, are disclosed herein. An exemplary device includes a dielectric substrate. The device further includes a channel layer, a gate disposed over the channel layer, and an epitaxial source/drain structure disposed adjacent to the channel layer. The channel layer, the gate, and the epitaxial source/drain structure are disposed over the dielectric substrate. The epitaxial source/drain structure includes an inner portion having a first dopant concentration and an outer portion having a second dopant concentration that is less than the first dopant concentration. The inner portion physically contacts the dielectric substrate, and the outer portion is disposed between the inner portion and the channel layer. In some embodiments, the outer portion physically contacts the dielectric substrate.

Abstract: A pulse generator, an Error Check and Scrub (ECS) circuit and a memory are provided. The pulse generator includes: a delay circuit configured to receive an ECS command signal, perform delay processing on the ECS command signal, and output a delay command signal, the delay between the ECS command signal and the delay command signal being a first preset value; and a latch circuit configured to receive the ECS command signal and the delay command signal, perform latch processing based on the ECS command signal and the delay command signal, and output an ECS pulse signal. The pulse width of the ECS command signal is provided with a plurality of values, and the pulse width of the ECS pulse signal is the first preset value.

Abstract: A bioreactor exhaust system includes an exhaust tube, a shut off valve, and a vessel. The exhaust tube includes a level sensor. The vessel includes a sterilant. The shut off valve is responsive to the sterilant reaching the level sensor.

Abstract: A breast pump includes a main body and a breast milk suctioning shield. The main body has an accommodation space. The breast milk suctioning shield is assembled in the accommodation space and detachably connected to the main body. A front end of the breast milk suctioning shield has a breast shielding portion, and a nipple passage extends from a rear end of a center portion of the breast shielding portion. One or more deformable members are assembled with an annular connection portion between the breast shielding portion and the nipple passage, and the deformable member is controlled to be inflated or deflated by a first air pump.

Abstract: This disclosure outlines systems, methods, and devices for roaming data restriction. A device receives a transition request frame from a non-access point multi-link device (non-AP MLD), detailing capabilities and operational parameters for establishing links as a target access point multi-link device (target AP MLD). It then sends a transition response frame to the non-AP MLD, including metadata for context transfer, such as authentication parameters, replay counters, reordering buffer states, and transmission sequence numbers. During the transition, the device communicates with the non-AP MLD as the target AP MLD, receiving forwarded data context from a current access point multi-link device (current AP MLD). It manages data transfer operations by forwarding uplink data from the current AP MLD to the non-AP MLD and transmitting downlink data directly to the non-AP MLD.

Abstract: A cross-shape transfer blade is configured to, in operation, be mounted or coupled to an end of a transfer robot arm (TRA). The cross-shape robot or transfer blade includes a plurality of raised regions to contact a backside of a workpiece or thin workpiece such that the cross-shape transfer blade supports and transports the respective workpeice between various locations within a semiconductor manufacturing plant (FAB). The cross-shape transfer blade includes a first prong structure, a second prong structure, a first wing structure, and a second wing structure. Respective ones of the plurality of raised regions are at corresponding ones of the first prong structure, the second prong structure, the first wing structure, and the second wing structure minimizing contact between the backside of the workpiece or thin workpiece and the cross-shape transfer blade when the workpiece or thin workpiece is being transferred, transported, and supported by the cross-shape transfer blade.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems, methods, and structures that increase overall sensing reach of a DFOS system and reduces system cost without sacrificing sensed signal quality by employing a cascaded arrangement of DFOS interrogators and operating method providing backscattering DFOS, maintaining each span within a desired length which can advantageously be determined by signal quality, pulse rate, or other factors such as physical layout. The cascaded DFOS interrogators work independently while sharing the pulse light produced by the first interrogator in a cascaded series of interrogators. The light is amplified in successive fiber spans and a circulator may be employed to cut-off any backscattered signal.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to KEK frame encryption. A device may identify, within a received authentication frame, a capability bit in a Robust Security Network Extension Element (RSNXE) indicating peer device support for Key Encryption Key (KEK) derivation during an authentication frame exchange. The device may derive the KEK during the authentication frame exchange based on mutual support for KEK derivation and derivation of a Pairwise Transient Key Security Association (PTKSA) during the exchange. The device may use a cryptographic key protection process for deriving the KEK. The device may encrypt a portion of the authentication frame using the derived KEK.

Abstract: The invention relates to a computer implemented method and system for analyzing a video. The method comprises the steps of receiving, via a receiving module, data of the video comprising a series of images showing the subject; extracting, via an extracting module, features related to the subject from the video, the extracting step comprising: extracting, via a first extracting module, a first feature comprises one or more visual characteristics from one or more images of the series of images comprising the video; and extracting, via a second extracting module, a second feature comprises one or more spatial and/or temporal characteristics from the video; and processing, via an analyzing module, the extracted features to determine a score as a scalar representative of an engagement level of the subject.

Abstract: A bioreactor exhaust system includes an exhaust tube, a shut off valve, and a vessel. The exhaust tube includes a level sensor. The vessel includes a sterilant. The shut off valve is responsive to the sterilant reaching the level sensor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a quick-change platform, a battery production line and a control method. The quick-change platform includes a tray set. In a first pick-and-place state, the tray set is located in a first pick-and-place position, so as to enable the tray set to receive the target objects removed from a battery module clamp, or enable a battery module transport apparatus to pick the target objects placed on the tray set. In a second pick-and-place state, the tray set is located in a second pick-and-place position, so as to remove the target objects on the tray set, or place the target objects on the tray set.

Abstract: A mechanical keyboard is provided, which includes a plurality of mechanical keys, a circuit board, a plurality of first magnetic elements, a lower casing and a plurality of second magnetic elements. The mechanical keyboard has a key region and an edge region surrounding the key region. The mechanical keys are located in the key region. The circuit board is disposed beneath the mechanical keys. The first magnetic elements are disposed beneath the circuit board and distributed in the key region. The lower casing is disposed beneath the mechanical keys, the circuit board and the first magnetic elements. The second magnetic elements are disposed over the lower casing, in which the second magnetic elements respectively correspond to the first magnetic elements and respectively repel the first magnetic elements.

Abstract: A method (of generating a layout diagram of a wire routing arrangement in a multi-patterning context having multiple masks, the layout diagram being stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium) includes: placing, relative to a given one of the masks, a given cut pattern at a first candidate location over a corresponding portion of a given conductive pattern in a metallization layer; determining whether the first candidate location results in a group of cut patterns which violates a design rule; and temporarily preventing placement of the given cut pattern in the metallization layer at the first candidate location until a correction is made which avoids violating the design rule.

Abstract: The present application provides a power supply system for supplying power to network device, comprising power supply module, housing, and stereoscopic accommodating space therebetween. The power supply module without a fan comprises: a primary circuit comprising at least one primary switch and configured to receive AC input voltage and convert the AC input voltage into a first voltage; a transformer comprising primary and secondary windings and configured to convert the first voltage into a second voltage, the primary winding is coupled to the primary circuit; and a secondary circuit comprising at least one secondary switch and configured to convert the second voltage into a DC output voltage for the network device, the secondary circuit is coupled to the secondary winding, the secondary switch adopts SMT package, and power density of the power supply module is 60 W/inch3 or more. The stereoscopic accommodating space is filled with liquid coolant for cooling.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to high throughput (HT) control information. A device may determine a frame comprising HT control information. The device may determine to extend a size of the HT control information. The device may cause to generate a management or data frame for sending to a first station device of one or more station devices, the management or data frame comprising extended high throughput (HT) control information, define a new control identification (ID) associated with the extended HT control information, and cause to send the management or data frame to the first station device.