Abstract: The present invention relates to aqueous liquid formulations comprising 5-30% by weight of a dye composition comprising 25-85% by weight of Direct Brown 44 15-75% by weight of Direct Yellow 11 and/or of a dye obtainable by reduction or thermal treatment of Direct Yellow 11 0-15% by weight of one or more blue direct dyes and 0-10% by weight of one or more red direct dyes all based on the dye composition 0.5-15% by weight of one or more alkylamines whose one, two or three alkyl radicals may each be substituted by one or two hydroxyl groups and/or amino groups and/or interrupted by one or two oxygen atoms in ether function, based on the total weight of the aqueous liquid formulation, the sodium content of the liquid formulation not exceeding 0.3% by weight, and also their use for dyeing cellulose material especially paper.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aqueous liquid formulations comprising 5-30% by weight of a dye composition comprising 25-85% by weight of Direct Brown 44 15-75% by weight of Direct Yellow 11 and/or of a dye obtainable by reduction or thermal treatment of Direct Yellow 11 0-15% by weight of one or more blue direct dyes and 0-10% by weight of one or more red direct dyes all based on the dye composition 0.5-15% by weight of one or more alkylamines whose one, two or three alkyl radicals may each be substituted by one or two hydroxyl groups and/or amino groups and/or interrupted by one or two oxygen atoms in ether function, based on the total weight of the aqueous liquid formulation, the sodium content of the liquid formulation not exceeding 0.3% by weight, and also their use for dyeing cellulose material especially paper.

Abstract: Disclosed are bisazo compounds of the formula Ia or Ib where R1 is hydrogen or methyl, the X groups are independently —CH2CH2— or —CH2CH2CH2—, R2, R3, and R4 are independently hydrogen or methyl, A is an anion and n corresponds to the valency of A. Also disclosed are the use of the bisazo compounds for dyeing, especially paper, and colorants containing said bisazo compounds.

Abstract: Azoxy dyes of the general formula I in the form of the free acid where n is 0 or 1, each R1 is selected from the group consisting of methoxy, hydroxyl and carboxyl, each R2 is selected from the group consisting of carboxyl, amino, C1-C4-alkylamino, allylamino, benzylamino and methoxycarbonylmethylamino, and the phenyl rings A may additionally be substituted by C1-C8-alkyl, unsubstituted or methyl- or halogen-substituted phenyl, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, halogen, carboxyl, N-benzylcarbamoyl, unsubstituted or nitro-, halogen-, C1-C4-alkoxy- or acetoxy-substituted phenylcarbamoyl and naphthylcarbamoyl or be benzofused, their copper complexes, a process for preparing the copper complex dyes, azoxy dyes of the formula I in their partially or completely deacylated form, their copper complexes, colorants comprising these azoxy dyes and/or their copper complexes and also their use for dyeing and printing natural or synthetic substrates.

Abstract: Azoxy dyes of the general formula I in the form of the free acid 1

Abstract: Azoxy dyes of the general formula I in the form of the free acid where n is 0 or 1, each R1 is selected from the group consisting of methoxy, hydroxyl and carboxyl, each R2 is selected from the group consisting of carboxyl, amino, C1-C4-alkylamino, allylamino, benzylamino and methoxycarbonylmethylamino, and the phenyl rings A may additionally be substituted by C1-C8-alkyl, unsubstituted or methyl- or halogen-substituted phenyl, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, halogen, carboxyl, N-benzylcarbamoyl, unsubstituted or nitro-, halogen-, C1-C4-alkoxy- or acetoxy-substituted phenylcarbamoyl and naphthylcarbamoyl or be benzofused, their copper complexes, a process for preparing the copper complex dyes, azoxy dyes of the formula I in their partially or completely deacylated form, their copper complexes, colorants comprising these azoxy dyes and/or their copper complexes and also their use for dyeing and printing natural or synthetic substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed are bisazo compounds of the formula Ia or Ib 1

Abstract: Compositions comprising as components A) at least one bisazo compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds of the general formula Ia  and of the general formula Ib  where R1 is C1-C8-alkyl, R2 is C2-C8-alkyl, R3 and R3′ are each C2-C21-alkyl in which up to four CH2 groups of the carbon chain may be replaced by oxygen in ether function, R4 is hydrogen or is R3 (independently of R3), R4′ is hydrogen or is R3′ (independently of R3′), B) at least one solvent in which said component A) is soluble, and optionally C) at least one surface-active substance, are useful as dye penetrants for detecting surface cracks or other defects in workpieces to be tested in this respect.

Abstract: Cationic azo dyes of the general formula I where R1, R2, R3, A1, A2, B1, B2, An⊖, n and K have the meaning given in the specification are prepared and used for the dyeing and printing of natural or synthetic substrates and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula I X[—Y1—A1—Y2—M—Y3—A2—Z]n  I, wherein the variables are as defined in the specification. The compounds are suitable as alignment layers for liquid-crystalline materials, as photocrosslinkable adhesives, as monomers for the production of liquid-crystalline networks, as base material for the preparation of polymerizable liquid-crystal systems which can be doped by chiral compounds, as polymerizable matrix monomers for polymer-dispersed displays or as base material for polymerizable, liquid-crystalline materials for optical components, such as polarizers, retardation plates or lenses.

Abstract: Dye mixtures comprising one or more thienyl- and/or thiazole-azo dyes with a coupling component of the aminothiazole, aniline or tetrahydroquinoline series, one or more dyes of the class of the monoazo or disazo dyes, methine dyes, azamethine dyes, anthraquinone dyes, nitro dyes or quinophthalone dyes which have their respective absorption maximum at a wavelength of from 410 to 520 nm and optionally one or more dyes of the class of the monoazo or disazo dyes, methine dyes, azamethine dyes, anthraquinone dyes, nitro dyes or quinophthalone dyes which have their respective absorption maximum at a wavelength of from 600 to 700 nm, the FWHM value of the absorption maximum being at least 2000 cm−1, are useful for thermal transfer and for dyeing or printing synthetic materials.

Abstract: Dye salts which are free from fiber-reactive radicals and have the formula where Chr is an (m+n)-valent radical of a chromophore from the series of the metal-free or metal-containing phthalocyanines, of the quinacridones, of the mono-, dis- or polyazo dyes, of the anthraquinones or copper formazans, Ar is phenyl or naphthyl each of which is unsubstituted or substituted, x⊕ is a metal cation or ammonium ion, y⊕ is a proton, metal cation or ammonium ion, m is 1 to 6 and n is 1 to 6, the sum of m and n being not more than 7, are used in methods of dyeing or printing polymeric material and in dye preparations.

Abstract: Oligomeric azo dyes having an alternating construction made up of tetrazo components and coupling components, containing in the molecule at least 2 units of the structure I------[D--------K]------ (I)where D and K are as defined in the specification, are prepared and used alone or in mixtures for dyeing and printing natural or synthetic substrates.

Abstract: The use of water-soluble quinacridones of the formula I ##STR1## where M.sup..sym. is a lithium, sodium, potassium or ammonium cation,R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy, carboxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl, sulfamoyl, mono- or di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkylsulfamoyl, carbamoyl, mono- or di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkylcarbamoyl, unsubstituted or substituted mono- or diphenylsulfamoyl, unsubstituted or substituted mono- or diphenylcarbamoyl, halogen, nitro or cyano,n is 0, 1 or 2 andm is 0, 1 or 2 and the sum n+m is at least 1,for dyeing and printing natural and synthetic fiber material.

Abstract: Pyridone dyes useful for thermal transfer and for dyeing or printing synthetic materials have the formula ##STR1## where X is CH or nitrogen,R.sup.1 is substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl,R.sup.2 is a carbocyclic or heterocyclic radical,R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,R.sup.5 is substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, andR.sup.6 is cyano, carbamoyl, carboxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanoyl.

Abstract: Polymerizable liquid-crystalline compounds of the formula IZ.sup.1 --Y.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --Y.sup.3 --M--Y.sup.4 --A.sup.2 --Y.sup.2 --Z.sup.2 IwhereZ.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are radicals containing reactive groups via which polymerization can be effected,Y.sup.1 -Y.sup.4 are a single chemical bond, oxygen, sulfur, --O--CO--, --CO--O--, --O--CO--O--, --CO--NR--, --NR--CO--, --O--CO--NR--, --NR--CO--O-- or --NR--CO--NR--, where at least one of the groups Y.sup.3 and Y.sup.4 is --O--CO--O--, --O--CO--NR--, --NR--CO--O-- or --NR--CO--NR--,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are spacers having 2 to 30 carbon atoms in which the carbon chain may be interrupted by ether oxygen, thioether sulfur or by nonadjacent imino or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylimino groups,M is a mesogenic group,R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,and compositions comprising them are distinguished by favorable liquid-crystalline phase-temperature ranges and can be used in optical display devices and in cholesteric liquid-crystalline colorants.

Abstract: A process for preparing pigment particles of defined size and shape comprises treating a sheetlike structure having through openings of defined shape and size with a polymerizable substance or mixture of substances in such a way that the openings are filled, removing any solvent present, polymerizing the substance or substance mixture, and isolating the resulting pigment particles from the openings. The pigments are readily varied in size and shape by variation of the substrate parameters and are useful for the known pigment applications, especially coatings, paints and inks.

Abstract: Oligomeric azo dyes having an alternating construction made up of diazo components and coupling components, containing in the molecule at least 3 units of the structure I--[D--K]-- (I)where D is a tetrazo component of the formula II ##STR1## where x is a direct bond, oxygen, sulfur or a bridge member of the formula --NHCO--, --NHCONH--, --CO--, --NHSO.sub.2 --, --SO.sub.2 NHSO.sub.2 --, --SO.sub.2 --, --SO.sub.2 --NH--A--NH--SO.sub.2 --, -NAlk-CO-, -NAlk-CO-NAlk-, -NAlk-CO--NH--, -NAlk-SO.sub.2 --, --SO.sub.2 -NAlk-SO.sub.2 --, --SO.sub.2 -NAlk-A-NAlk-SO.sub.2 --, --SO.sub.2 -NAlk-A-NH--SO.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 -- or --NH--,R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently of the other hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanoyl, cyano, carboxyl, hydroxysulfonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxyl, carbamoyl, mono- or di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl-carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, mono- or di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Use of compounds in the plastic columnar discotic liquid-crystal phase for transport of electric charges.

Abstract: Cationic azo dyes of the formula I ##STR1## where the variables are as defined in the specification, amines as their intermediates, processes for preparing them, their use for dyeing and printing natural or synthtic substrates, and their mixtures are described.