Abstract: The present invention provides a fertilizer composition which enables the efficient absorption of a fertilizer such as calcium. Namely, the present invention provides a fertilizer composition comprising a specific anionic surfactant or a hydrophilic nonionic surfactant and a fertilizer as the essential components.

Abstract: A device and method of input/output control capable of exhibiting the battery performance by nature by rapidly raising the temperature of the secondary battery by the regeneration at a low temperature. A temperature rise controller controls the temperature rise of the battery pack based on the battery temperature, thereby determining a central value of the state-of-charge control in the range of the state of charge. A battery input/output controller voluntarily controls the state of charge based on the central value of the state-of-charge control from the temperature rise controller and the state of charge at the point of time from the state-of-charge operator, and controls charge and discharge based on the charge and discharge request from the outside to the battery pack.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine control unit for hybrid vehicle makes an electric motor function as a main driving source for the vehicle under a predetermined condition and at the same time, controls a hybrid mechanism so as to warm up the internal combustion engine. If a requested engine output to the internal combustion engine exceeds a predetermined output or if an accelerator opening degree exceeds a predetermined opening degree, the same control unit changes the operating condition of the internal combustion engine from the warm-up operation condition to an operation condition fitting to the requested engine output.

Abstract: When a first motor MG1 cranks and starts an engine 150 that is in the cold, the revolving speed of the engine does not increase quickly 150. It is accordingly required to control the first motor MG1, in order to prevent electric power 194 stored in a battery from being wasted. A starting control apparatus does not cause the first motor MG1 to output a torque corresponding to a difference between a target revolving speed N* and an actual revolving speed Ne of the engine 150, but gradually increases a target torque STG by the open-loop control and restricts the magnitude of the target torque STG to a preset maximum torque STGMAX, which depends upon a cooling water temperature Tw of the engine 150. When the engine 150 is in the cold, the high viscosity of lubricant causes the revolving speed of the engine 150 not to quickly increase in response to the high target torque set to the first motor MG1.

Abstract: A method for processing semiconductor wafers, which provides planarized surface in a well controllable manner and with high accuracy by processing a film with uneven surface, formed over a semiconductor wafer, within the area of a working surface with a diameter larger than that of said semiconductor wafer by not more than two times, and by processing the film with a polishing liquid supplied from a supply unit disposed on a vertically arranged working surface is disclosed. Additionally, high quality dressing of the working surface can be easily performed by virtue of the smaller diameter of the working surface. Furthermore, the vertical arrangement of the working surface makes possible ready compatibility with semiconductor wafers of enlarged diameters.

Abstract: A power output apparatus includes a planetary gear having a planetary carrier, a sun gear, and a ring gear, an engine having a crankshaft linked with the planetary carrier, a first motor attached to the sun gear, and a second motor attached to the ring gear. In response to an engine operation stop instruction, the power output apparatus stops a fuel injection into the engine and controls the first motor, in order to enable a torque acting in reverse of the rotation of the crankshaft to be output to the crankshaft via the planetary gear and a carrier shaft until the revolving speed of the engine becomes close to zero. This structure allows the revolving speed of the engine to quickly approach zero.

Abstract: When a first motor MG1 cranks and starts an engine 150 that is in the cold, the revolving speed of the engine does not increase quickly 150. It is accordingly required to control the first motor MG1, in order to prevent electric power 194 stored in a battery from being wasted. A starting control apparatus does not cause the first motor MG1 to output a torque corresponding to a difference between a target revolving speed N* and an actual revolving speed Ne of the engine 150, but gradually increases a target torque STG by the open-loop control and restricts the magnitude of the target torque STG to a preset maximum torque STGMAX, which depends upon a cooling water temperature Tw of the engine 150. When the engine 150 is cold, the high viscosity of lubricant causes the revolving speed of the engine 150 not to quickly increase in response to the high target torque set to the first motor MG1.

Abstract: A method for processing semiconductor wafers, which provides planarized surface in a well controllable manner and with high accuracy by processing a film with uneven surface, formed over a semiconductor wafer, within the area of a working surface with a diameter larger than that of said semiconductor wafer by not more than two times, and by processing the film with a polishing liquid supplied from a supply unit disposed on a vertically arranged working surface is disclosed. Additionally, high quality dressing of the working surface can be easily performed by virtue of the smaller diameter of the working surface. Furthermore, the vertical arrangement of the working surface makes possible ready compatibility with semiconductor wafers of enlarged diameters.

Abstract: A power output device is provided with an internal combustion engine having an output shaft, an electric motor for generating and receiving electric power and for rotating a rotation shaft, a drive shaft mechanically connected to the output and the rotation shaft, and a battery for supplying electric power to the electric motor and storing electric power from the electric motor. When a vehicle mounting the power output device drives normally, a target torque of the motor is determined by the PI (Proportional Integral) control. When the vehicle drives with the engine stopping or idling, however, a target torque is determined to be substantially zero. Then an electric power for the control of the electric motor is prevented from being consumed. While such a control is executed, a target torque of the electric motor is determined by the PI control when the drive shaft is locked. Consequently, even when the drive shaft is locked, the rotation speed of the engine is kept to be substantially constant.

Abstract: A magnetic head has a slider made of a glass-ceramic substrate which has, as its predominant crystal phase, a mixed crystal of lithium disilicate (Li2O.2SiO2) and either or both of &agr;-quartz (&agr;-SiO2) and &agr;-cristobalite (&agr;-SiO2), the &agr;-quartz has a globular grain structure each globular crystal grain being made of aggregated particles and having a grain diameter within a range from 0.1 &mgr;m to 3.0 &mgr;m, the &agr;-cristobalite has a globular grain structure each globular grain having a grain diamter within a range from 0.1 &mgr;m to 1.0 &mgr;m, and surface roughness (Ra) of the glass-ceramic substrate after polishing is within a range from 5 Å to 50 Å.

Abstract: A glass-ceramic substrate for a magnetic disk suitable for use as a contact recording type magnetic disk includes alpha-cristobalite (alpha-SiO2) and lithium disilicate (Li2O·2SiO2) as main crystal phases. The ratio of alpha-cristobalite/lithium disilicate is within a range from 0.20 to less than 0.25, a grain diameter of crystal grains is within a range from 0.1 &mgr;m to 1.0 &mgr;m, surface roughness (Ra) of the substrate after polishing is within a range from 2 Å to 9 Å.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polishing method using a grindstone comprising abrasive grains and a bonding resin for bonding the abrasive grains, as well as to a polishing apparatus to be used for the polishing method. By using a resin for bonding abrasive grains, it is possible to obtain a grindstone having a desired modulus of elasticity. With such a grindstone, the surface of a substrate having concave and convex portions can be rendered uniformly flat, irrespective of the size of the concave and convex portions. Further, by first polishing the substrate surface with a polishing tool of a small elastic modulus and thereafter polishing it with a polishing tool of a large elastic modulus, it is possible to obtain a polished surface of reduced damage. The method of the invention is effective in planarizing various substrate surfaces having concave and convex portions.

Abstract: A power output device is provided with a planetary gear, an engine having a crank shaft coupled to the planetary gear, a motor secured to a sun gear and a motor secured to a ring gear. Even if there is no need to continue operation of the engine, the engine is not immediately stopped in view of the charge amount of a battery. For example, in the D (drive) range, a processing for stopping rotation of the engine with a predetermined deceleration is performed only if an ABS device is out of operation, the cancellation of reaction force is possible and the vehicle speed is within a predetermined range. Consequently, it is possible to stop the engine while preventing the reaction force from causing a sense of shock to the driver.

Abstract: In the polishing machine 10 for pressing the polished surface 7 of the workpiece 1 against the face where there are abrasives 15 of the rotating polishing tool 11 and executing chemical mechanical polishing, the brushing device 30, the cleaner 40, the abrasive supplier 52, and the pure water supplier 60 are sequentially arranged behind the location of the head 20 for pressing the workpiece 1 against the polishing tool 11 in the rotational direction. The cleaner 40 sprays the cleaning water 47 to the face where there are abrasives 15 of the rotating polishing tool 11 and sucks and collects it by the vacuum hole 45. Fresh slurry 62 is always supplied by the slurry supplier 63 comprising the abrasive supplier 52 and the pure water supplier 60.

Abstract: In a hybrid vehicle, there is a shock in a transient period when a driving condition of an internal combustion engine is shifted from a loaded driving state for power generation, in which a load is applied to the internal combustion engine by a motor generator, to a non-loaded driving state for idling or motoring, in which no load is applied to the internal combustion engine. A hybrid power output apparatus of the present invention, in which the motor generator is mechanically linked with the internal combustion engine, prevents an abrupt change in output torque from the motor generator in the transient period from the loaded driving state to the non-loaded driving state. One procedure to attain this object sets the minimum revolving speed of the internal combustion engine in the loaded driving state to be greater than the revolving speed in the non-loaded driving state by approximately 200 rpm.

Abstract: A glass-ceramic substrate for a magnetic head has as its predominant crystal phase a mixed crystal of lithium disilicate (Li.sub.2 O.2SiO.sub.2) and either or both of .alpha.-quartz (.alpha.-SiO.sub.2) and .alpha.-cristobalite (.alpha.-SiO.sub.2), the .alpha.-quartz has a globular grain structure each globular crystral grain being made of aggregated particles and having a grain diameter within a range from 0.1 .mu.m to 3.0 .mu.m, the .alpha.-cristobalite has a globular grain structure each globular grain having a grain diamter within a range from 0.1 .mu.m to 1.0 .mu.m, and surface roughness (Ra) of the glass-ceramic substrate after polishing is within a range from 5 .ANG. to 50 .ANG..

Abstract: The present invention prevents a decrease in efficiency due to energy circulation in a power transmission path in a power output apparatus having an engine and a motor as power source. In the power output apparatus, a planetary gear 120 has a sun gear shaft linked with a generator MG1, a ring gear shaft linked with a motor MG2, and a planetary carrier linked with an output shaft of an engine 150. The power output apparatus carries out a control procedure to avoid energy circulation, which goes through the planetary gear 120, the motor MG2, and generator MG1, and the planetary gear 120, and thereby prevent a decrease in efficiency. The energy circulation occurs when the motor MG2 converts the power output from the engine 150 to electric power and the generator MG1 carries out power operation with the regenerated electric power.

Abstract: A glass-ceramic substrate for a magnetic disk suitable for use as a contact recording type magnetic disk includes alpha-cristobalite (alpha-SiO.sub.2) and lithium disilicate (Li.sub.2.SiO.sub.2) as main crystal phases. The ratio of alpha-cristobalite/lithium disilicate is within a range from 0.25 to 0.35, a grain diameter of crystal grains is within a range from 0.1 .mu.m to 1.0 .mu.m, surface roughness (Ra) of the substrate after polishing is within a range from 2 .ANG. to 10 .ANG. and abrasion resistance index (Aa) of the substrate is within a range from 5 to 15.

Abstract: A backlash sound reducing method utilizes backlash sounds in a planetary gear unit in a hybrid vehicle that occur within predetermined operation ranges when the vehicle is stopped or running. If the output energy of an engine is within a predetermined range, the engine is controlled so that the output energy therefrom becomes a predetermined value. In the aforementioned case, it is also possible to increase the revolution speeds of the gears undergoing backlash. This operation avoids operating the engine within a range where the torque fluctuation is large, thereby reducing the backlash sound. Further, by setting relatively high revolution speeds, the force pressing the gears to each other is increased, so that the occurrence of backlash sounds is controlled.

Abstract: A crystallized glass and a manufacturing method therefor are disclosed. The crystallized glass comprises .beta.-spodumene solid solution as the predominant crystal phase, and is produced by forming a melted raw glass, cooling and thereafter heat-treating it. The raw glass has a composition comprising, expressed in terms of weight percent: 52-65% SiO.sub.2 ; 8-15% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; 0-4% P.sub.2 O.sub.5, 3-8% TiO.sub.2, and 0-4% ZrO.sub.2, wherein the following inequality is satisfied,0.1<(% of P.sub.2 O.sub.5 +% of ZrO.sub.2)/(% of TiO.sub.2)<0.8; 0-10% ZnO, 0-10% MgO, and 0-5% BaO, wherein the following inequality is satisfied,<(% of ZnO+% of MgO+% of BaO)<15; 3-12% Li.sub.2 O; 0-4% K.sub.2 O; and As.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, wherein the following inequality is satisfied,0<% of As.sub.2 O.sub.3 +% of Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 <2.