Abstract: A display device, which is adapted for time-division driving and is free from occurrence of crosstalk, includes a pair of substrates which are arranged to be opposite to each other and at least one of which is transparent, electrodes provided respectively on surfaces of the substrates facing each other, and a material which is sandwiched between the electrodes and the light transmitting quantity of which is changed by an electric field applied between the electrodes. The electrodes formed on the surfaces of the substrates facing each other constitute scanning electrodes and signal electrodes which intersect each other to form display portions. The signal electrodes constitutes independent electrodes formed independently of each other in units of display portions. Outside leads of the respective independent electrodes are passed through the substrate provided with the electrodes and are led out to the back surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is disclosed, which comprises a liquid crystal cell including a first substrate having a first electrode, a second substrate having a second electrode, which is opposite to the first substrate, and a nematic liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first polarizer disposed outside of the first substrate; a second polarizer disposed outside of the second substrate; and at least one optically anisotropic layer disposed at least one of between the first substrate and the first polarizer and between the second substrate and the second polarizer. The twist angle of the nematic liquid crystal layer is greater than 180.degree.; and the following conditions are fulfilled: ##EQU1## where .DELTA.n.sub.LC represents a birefringence of the nematic liquid crystal; d.sub.LC a thickness of the nematic liquid crystal layer; .DELTA.n.sub.i a birefringence of the optically anisotropic layer; d.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to optically active compounds represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3, ##STR2## and M are defined as in the specification, methods and intermediates for their preparation, liquid crystal compositions comprising at least one optically active compound of formula I and their use in electrooptical display, switching and modulation devices.

Abstract: A method for producing a polarizer patterned with a plural number of portions having a polarizing ability or direction of polarization comprising the first step of producing a surface oriented in a pre-determined direction on a substrate, the second step of producing a polymerizable molecular layer which comprises polymerizable molecules on the above surface, the third step of polymerizing the molecules in said polymerizable molecular layer into a desired pattern and the fourth step of removing the unpolymerized portion of said polymerizable molecular layer.

Abstract: A reactor having a coil surrounded by a magnetic shield formed of laminated magnetic sheets. Connecting members pass through the central opening of the coil and are clamped between sheets of the magnetic shield. Each connecting member comprises a pair of connecting plates having opposite ends expanded. They are inserted from opposite sides of the central opening of the core, and are fixed together. The expanded parts at both ends of the connecting member increases the friction, and reduces vibration and noises.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device characterized in comprising a set of substrates facing each other at least one of which is transparent, transparent electrodes provided respectively to each facing plane of the substrates, a light absorbing layer held between the transparent electrodes, and an electric power source for applying electric field to the light absorbing layer, and that the light absorbing layer is composed of two layers, each of the layers has dichroism, average light absorbing axis of the each layers without electric field is approximately parallel to the substrate plane and crossing each other almost orthogonally, and the average light absorbing axis of the each layers changes the axis direction by applying of electric field. In accordance with the present invention, the liquid crystal display device having eye-tireless bright display, long life time, and electric power saving character is realized.

Abstract: An electromagnetic induction apparatus includes a tank having a bottom plate and containing an electrical device which vibrates during operation. The tank is supported by supporting members disposed between the tank bottom plate and a floor surface to define spaces therebetween. Sound suppressing members are disposed in the spaces defined between the support members, the tank bottom plate, and the floor surface. The sound suppressing members absorb sounds generated within the spaces and prevent air within the spaces from resonating during vibration of the electrical device.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a phase-plate disposed between a pair of substrates, preferably inside of the electrode, to increase the transmission rate and improve the contrast ratio of the display.

Abstract: There are disclosed an optically active compound represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein n, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3, and M are defined as in the detailed explanation, and *-marked carbon atoms are each an asymmetric carbon atom; a liquid crystal composition comprising at least one optically active compound of said general formula and a liquid crystal optical modulator using the composition thereof.

Abstract: The polarizer of the present invention is composed of mediums having different refractive indices, by which ordinary light in incidented light is wholly reflected at a boundary between laminated medium I and medium II and extraordinary light is transmitted through the medium II. The medium II is so arranged as to be almost 45.degree. to the light axis, and thickness of the medium II is selected as a value with which the medium II works as a half wave length plate to the transmitting light. The polarizer, which has high transparency by reduction of absorption and is able to make most of incident light be similarly polarized light, is obtained. A polarizer for and apparatus for bright liquid crystal display, which is able to be enlarged to a large size display without light absorption, can be provided.

Abstract: The present invention discloses dichiral compounds represented by the general formula ##STR1## (R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3, M and n have the same definitions as in the description portion of the specification), intermediates for preparation of said compounds, liquid crystal compositions comprising said compounds, and liquid crystal optical modulators using said compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a graded metal powder for metallic pigment, comprising a metal powder wherein the metal powder has a mean particle size of from about 2.5 to about 15.0 .mu.m, the content of particles having a particle size of not greater than 1 .mu.m is not larger than about 0.5% by volume, and the metal powder has a particle size distribution such that not smaller than 97% by volume of the particles of the metal powder fall within the range between half the mean particle size of the metal powder and double the mean particle size of the metal powder. Also is disclosed a process for producing a graded metal powder by classifying metal particles dispersed in a mineral oil containing a nonionic-anionic surfactant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal light modulation device which has a cell comprising a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent and which have electrodes and are opposed through a spacer, a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer which is enclosed in said cell and which has a phase series where a nematic phase (N*phase) or an isotropic phase (I phase) is shown on a just higher temperature side of a ferroelectric phase (smectic C* phase, Sc* phase) and two polarizing plates which sandwich the cell therebetween, liquid crystal molecules at one interface between the liquid crystal layer and the substrate being fixed to the substrate more weakly than liquid crystal molecules at the other interface between the liquid crystal and the substrate wherein the liquid crystal molecule weakly fixed is fixed to such an extent that inversion of spontaneous polarization of the liquid crystal molecule occurs upon application of an electrical field to the liquid crystal layer through the electrodes, or

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal device which comprises at least one pair of counterposed substrates, a ferroelectric liquid crystal material provided between the substrates, means for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal material and provided at the substrates, an alignment-controlling layer provided on the surface on the liquid crystal material side of each of the substrates, and a sealing member at the peripheral edges of the substrates, the alignment-controlling layer being a film of an organic polymer whose .beta. dispersion temperature is higher than the curing temperature of a sealant for the sealing member, preferably at least 200.degree. C., has a good alignment state of ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules achieved by cooling alone without any application of an electric field and has good display qualities such as a high contrast.

Abstract: Disclosed is a graded metal powder for metallic pigment, comprising a metal powder wherein the metal powder has a mean particle size of from about 2.5 to about 15.0 .mu.m, the content of particles having a particle size of not greater than 1 .mu.m is not larger than about 0.5% by volume, and the metal powder has a particle size distribution such that not smaller than 97% by volume of the particles of the metal powder fall within the range between half the mean particle size of the metal powder and double the mean particle size of the metal powder. Also is disclosed a process for producing a graded metal powder by classifying metal particles dispersed in a mineral oil containing a nonionic-anionic surfactant.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a fiber reinforced plastic structure, comprising the steps of winding a continuous long-staple fiber impregnated with a liquid resin around a plurality of winding jigs until the resultant bundle of resin impregnated fibers attains a predetermined thickness; setting rings tightly in place on the linear portions of the resin impregnated fiber bundle between the jigs; and moving the tightly set rings relative to the linear portions thereby wringing the resin impregnated fiber bundle and expelling bubbles entrapped within the fiber bundle.

Abstract: The liquid crystal cell (30) for the optical change-over switch comprises a pair of transparent substrates (1), a pair of transparent flat electrodes (2) provided on the respective opposing surfaces of the substrates, orientation control films (3) provided on the flat electrodes (2), two pair of comb shaped electrodes (33) respectively provided on the orientation control films (3), and a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer (4) confined between the substrates (1). The optical incidence plane (31) to the cell (30) is so selected that the plane (31) is away from the helical axes (9) of the ferroelectric liquid crystal in the cell (30) in the order of somewhat greater than the tilt angle (.theta..sub.t) of the ferroelectric liquid crystal.

Abstract: A steering wheel core material of continuous filament FRP for vehicles which is made up of a ring, a boss positioned at the center of the ring, and spokes connecting the boss to the ring, said boss being integrally joined to a boss metal fitting. It is formed by winding resin-impregnated continous filaments in layer around the ring- and spoke-forming mold and the body of the boss metal fitting, with an elastic material interposed between the body of the boss metal fitting and the FRP.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal device wherein a bistable ferroelectric liquid crystal is sandwiched between display electrodes; a liquid crystal device and a driving method therefor characterized in that switching elements are disposed at respective intersection points between a plurality of scanning electrodes and a plurality of signal electrodes, and that at a juncture between said each switching element and one of said display electrodes, a control element is disposed by which when said switching element is off, an absolute value of a crest value of a voltage applied to said ferroelectric liquid crystal is held less than a threshold value (.vertline.V.sub.th .vertline.) of said ferroelectric liquid crystal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal matrix driving method capable of shortening the re-write time of a picture surfaces is disclosed. In accordance with this method, pixels are brought to the light ON state or OFF state by changing in advance the light transmission state by utilizing the bistability of the display of the ferroelectric liquid crystal, a voltage keeping the light ON state or an OFF voltage is then applied to the pixels when they are already in the ON state in accordance with a time-division driving method such as line sequence scanning driving or dot sequence scanning driving, and a voltage keeping the OFF state or an ON voltage is applied when the pixels are already in the OFF state.