Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus having a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates. One of the pair of substrates has an electrode structure including a plurality of pixel electrodes and a plurality of common electrodes, an organic polymer film is formed on at least one of the pixel electrodes and the common electrodes, and the liquid crystal layer is in direct contact with the organic polymer film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, a plurality of first common electrodes extending in a direction and being formed on one substrate of the pair of substrates, and a second common electrode connected to one of the first common electrodes. The second common electrode has a first edge adjacent the one of the first common electrodes and a second edge opposite to the one of the first common electrode. A first pixel electrode is formed between two of the first common electrodes and extends in the same direction as the first common electrodes. A second pixel electrode overlaps the second common electrode, is connected to the first pixel electrode, and covers at least a portion of the first edge of the second common electrode.

Abstract: An active matrix liquid crystal display device is provided, in which an after image remaining after removing an application of a direct current voltage is suppressed. The active matrix liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal molecule having negative dielectric anisotropy and a dopant having a dissociative group.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device of IPS mode, occurrence of a sticking-image and after-image phenomenon is prevented.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates, at least one of which is transparent, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, an electrode structure formed on one of the pair of substrates for generating an electric field in said liquid crystal layer, the electrode structure including at least one common electrode and at least one pixel electrode, a gate insulating film formed on the one common electrode, an insulation layer formed on the gate insulating film and an orientation film formed on the insulation layer. A sum of thickness of the gate insulating film, the insulation layer and the orientation film is no greater than about 2.8 &mgr;m.

Abstract: An active-matrix liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the pair of substrates, a group of electrodes for applying to the liquid crystal layer an electric field substantially parallel to the substrate plane and a plural number of active elements being formed on one of the pair of substrates and an alignment layer disposed between the liquid crystal layer and at least one of the pair of substrates. The alignment layer is a photo-reactive material layer, and the photo-reactive material layer is a photo-reactive alignment layer which has been subjected to linearly polarized light irradiation to selectively derive a photochemical reaction and a tilt angle of liquid crystal molecules on the alignment layer surface of the substrate is 3° or less.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates, at least one of which is transparent. A liquid crystal layer held between the pair of substrates and an alignment layer formed on at least one of the pair of substrates. The pair of substrates are adhered together using a resin so that an interval is formed therebetween, and a portion formed with the resin has at least an opening for injecting liquid crystal into the interval formed between the pair of substrates and the opening is sealed with a photo-curable resin. The liquid crystal layer includes a photo-reactive liquid crystal compound, the molecular structure of which is converted by photo-irradiation, and a photo-absorbing organic compound having a photo-absorptivity larger than the photo-absorptivity of the photo-reactive liquid crystal compound at a designated wavelength, and containing at least one of alkyl substituent, alkenyl substituent, and alkoxyl substituent, respectively, in its molecule.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus having a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates. One of the pair of substrates has an electrode structure including a plurality of pixel electrodes and a plurality of common electrodes, an organic polymer film is formed on at least one of the pixel electrodes and the common electrodes, and the liquid crystal layer is in direct contact with the organic polymer film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a plurality of switching elements including a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, and an electrode structure formed on one of the pair of substrates for generating an electric field having a component substantially in parallel with the one of said pair of substrates. The electrode structure includes at least one common electrode and at least one pixel electrode. An organic film is formed on at least one of the at least one common electrode and the at least one pixel electrode, with the organic film being both an insulating film and an orientation film.

Abstract: There is provided an active matrix type liquid crystal display, which hardly generates display unevenness incident to electrode dimensional fluctuation caused by variations resulting from the electrode formation process, and which is excellent in mass producibility and in high image quality. An active matrix type liquid crystal display using the horizontal electric field system, wherein dimensional fluctuation in the active elements and the stored capacity formation portion, and finish dimensional fluctuation in the electrode for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer occur simultaneously, and variations in effective driving voltage caused by fluctuation in the active element dimension act in a direction to compensate for variations in the optical quality caused by dimensional fluctuation of the electrode for applying the electric field.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal layer interposed between first and second substrates, plural scanning signal lines and plural video signal lines arranged in a matrix form on the first substrate and a plural pixels formed in regions surrounded by adjacent scanning signal lines and adjacent video signal lines. Each pixel in the display region has at least an active device, a pixel electrode, and a counter electrode to drive liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage difference between the counter electrode and the pixel electrode which are provided are on the same substrate. The driving of the liquid crystal molecules by applying the voltage difference includes rotation of the liquid crystal molecules in a plane substantially parallel to the substrate with plural directions so as to reduce viewing angle dependency of color tone change.

Abstract: Decreasing the non-uniformity of display by photo-deterioration of the liquid crystal material is achieved in order to provide high grade liquid crystal display devices. A pair of substrates holding a liquid crystal layer between them are adhered together with a resin, and at least an opening for injecting liquid crystal into the interval between the pair of substrates is provided in the resin portion. The opening is sealed with a photo-curable resin. The liquid crystal layer contains a photo-reactive liquid crystal compound, the molecular structure of which is converted by a photo-irradiation, and an photo-absorbing organic compound having a photo-absorptivity larger than that of the photo-reactive liquid crystal compound at a designated wavelength, and containing at least one of alkyl substituent, alkenyl substituent, and alkoxyl substituent of 1-8 carbon atoms, respectively, in its molecule.

Abstract: The purpose is to provide an active-matrix liquid crystal display device using a in-plane field type having wide viewing angle characteristics with homogeneous color tones, capable of realizing characristics equal to those of a CRT. In this active-matrix liquid crystal display device of the present invention, liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer have at least two kinds of driving (reorientation) directions by electric field over the substrate surface.

Abstract: An active-matrix liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the pair of substrates, a group of electrodes for applying to the liquid crystal layer an electric field substantially parallel to the substrate plane and a plural number of active elements being formed on one of the pair of substrates, and an alignment layer disposed between the liquid crystal layer and at least one of the pair of substrates. The alignment layer is a photo-reactive material layer, and the photo-reactive material layer is a photo-reactive alignment layer which has been subjected to linearly polarized light irradiation to selectively derive a photochemical reaction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus and a method of manufacturing wherein the liquid crystal display apparatus includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, plural electrodes formed on at least one of the pair of substrates, a passivation layer formed on the plural electrodes and having concave portions, a thin film having low wettability formed on the passivation layer, and an insulating layer formed on the thin film having low wettability. The method includes the steps of irradiating light onto the thin film through a mask, and applying a solution containing organic high polymers so as to form the insulating layer at the concave portions of the passivation layer.

Abstract: A panel of a liquid crystal display, having a transparent insulating substrate, a gate line which is formed on the substrate, has a double-layered structure including a bottom metal layer and a top indium tin oxide layer, and extends to form a gate pad. A plurality of common electrodes which are formed on the substrate, connected to each other and separated from the gate line. An insulating layer covering the gate line and the common electrodes. A plurality of pixel electrodes which are formed on the insulating layer and are arranged between two of the common electrodes. A data line which is formed on the insulating layer and extends to form a data pad and a switching element having a gate connected to the gate line, a source connected to the data line and a drain connected to the pixel electrode.

Abstract: A backlight device having a light source, a waveguide provided close to the light source, this waveguide being a wedge-shaped waveguide so constructed that the incident light from the light source can be greatly changed in its direction and made to exit therefrom, a polarizing beam splitter provided on the light-exiting side of the wedge-shaped waveguide, and a light converter disposed on the light-exiting side of the polarizing beam splitter. This backlight device is used for liquid crystal displays.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having a wide viewing angle, a large contrast ratio, and little nonuniformity of display, is formed by a pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, wherein at least one of the pair of substrates has plural electrodes, a passivation layer formed on the plural electrodes, and an insulating layer formed at concave portions of the passivation layer for making the thickness of the liquid crystal layer uniform.

Abstract: A panel of a liquid crystal display, having a transparent insulating substrate, a gate line which is formed on the substrate, has a double-layered structure including a bottom metal layer and a top indium tin oxide layer, and extends to form a gate pad. A plurality of common electrodes which are formed on the substrate, connected to each other and separated from the gate line. An insulating layer covering the gate line and the common electrodes. A plurality of pixel electrodes which are formed on the insulating layer and are arranged between two of the common electrodes. A data line which is formed on the insulating layer and extends to form a data pad and a switching element having a gate connected to the gate line, a source connected to the data line and a drain connected to the pixel electrode.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display system having a plurality of switching elements, the active matrix type liquid crystal display system including a pair of substrates, signal electrode lines and scanning electrode lines formed on one of the pair of the substrates and crossing each other in a matrix form. A plurality of pixels are delimited by the signal electrode lines and the scanning electrode lines and a liquid crystal layer is interposed between the pair of the substrates. Each pixel of the pixels includes an electrode structure for generating an electric field having a component substantially in parallel with one of the substrates upon application of at least one predetermined voltage thereto, and an optical structure for obtaining a voltage vs. brightness characteristic where the voltage to obtain a minimum brightness is greater than zero.