Abstract: A steak tube has a container with an entrance plate and an output plate, a photocathode disposed in the container and configured to emit electrons according to light to be measured, the light having been incident through the entrance plate, and a sweep electrode disposed in the container, having a pair of deflection plates for generating an electric field and a connection lead connected to each deflection plate, and configured to sweep the electrons in a sweep direction along the output plate. An opposing of edges of the deflection plate in a direction of the output plate are formed so as to extend in a direction from the entrance plate to the output plate, the connection lead has a first connection portion electrically connected to the deflection plate, and the first connection portion is connected to the opposing of edges.

Abstract: A steak tube 1 has a container 2 with an entrance plate 2a and an output plate 2b; a photocathode 7 disposed in the container 2 and configured to emit electrons according to light to be measured, the light having been incident through the entrance plate 2a; a mesh electrode 3, a first focusing electrode 4, and an aperture electrode 5 forming an axially symmetric electron lens for focusing the electrons emitted from the photocathode 7, toward the output plate 2b; a sweep electrode 6 disposed in the container 2 and configured to sweep the electrons focused by the axially symmetric electron lens, in a sweep direction along the output plate 2b; and a second focusing electrode 9 disposed between the entrance plate 2a and the output plated 2b and forming a one-dimensional electron lens for focusing the electrons in the sweep direction.

Abstract: A steak tube 1 has a container 2 with an entrance plate 2a and an output plate 2b; a photocathode 7 disposed in the container 2 and configured to emit electrons according to light to be measured, the light having been incident through the entrance plate 2a; a mesh electrode 3, a first focusing electrode 4, and an aperture electrode 5 forming an axially symmetric electron lens for focusing the electrons emitted from the photocathode 7, toward the output plate 2b; a sweep electrode 6 disposed in the container 2 and configured to sweep the electrons focused by the axially symmetric electron lens, in a sweep direction along the output plate 2b; and a second focusing electrode 9 disposed between the entrance plate 2a and the output plated 2b and forming a one-dimensional electron lens for focusing the electrons in the sweep direction.

Abstract: A steak tube has a container with an entrance plate and an output plate, a photocathode disposed in the container and configured to emit electrons according to light to be measured, the light having been incident through the entrance plate, and a sweep electrode disposed in the container, having a pair of deflection plates for generating an electric field and a connection lead connected to each deflection plate, and configured to sweep the electrons in a sweep direction along the output plate. An opposing of edges of the deflection plate in a direction of the output plate are formed so as to extend in a direction from the entrance plate to the output plate, the connection lead has a first connection portion electrically connected to the deflection plate, and the first connection portion is connected to the opposing of edges.

Abstract: A streak apparatus includes: a vacuum container 10 having an electron beam source 20 provided on one end side to emit an electron beam E and an output section 60 provided on the other end side to convert the electron beam into an image; an accelerating section 30 provided in the vacuum container to accelerate the electron beam; an irradiation optical system 40 for collecting and applying to-be-measured light R to the electron beam accelerated by the accelerating section; and a sweep section 50 provided between the accelerating section and the output section to sweep the electron beam having interacted with the to-be-measured light in a direction approximately perpendicular to the direction of a displacement of the electron beam generated through the interaction. This allows the streak apparatus to have a higher temporal resolution.

Abstract: A streak apparatus includes: a vacuum container 10 having an electron beam source 20 provided on one end side to emit an electron beam E and an output section 60 provided on the other end side to convert the electron beam into an image; an accelerating section 30 provided in the vacuum container to accelerate the electron beam; an irradiation optical system 40 for collecting and applying to-be-measured light R to the electron beam accelerated by the accelerating section; and a sweep section 50 provided between the accelerating section and the output section to sweep the electron beam having interacted with the to-be-measured light in a direction approximately perpendicular to the direction of a displacement of the electron beam generated through the interaction. This allows the streak apparatus to have a higher temporal resolution.

Abstract: In a streak apparatus including a streak tube 1 having a vacuum container 1a which has a photocathode 3 at its one end and an output surface 6 at its other end, an accelerating electrode 4 for accelerating photoelectrons, a deflecting electrode 5 formed of a pair of electrodes, and a plurality of focusing magnetic flux generators 12a and 12b for focusing the photoelectrons emitted from the photocathode 3, a deflecting voltage generation circuit 10, an acceleration voltage generation circuit 9, and drive power supplies 13a and 13b for supplying a current to the focusing magnetic flux generators, the plurality of focusing magnetic flux generators 12a and 12b form a main focusing electron lens for forming an electron image, formed on the photocathode 3, on the output surface, and a prefocus lens arranged between the photocathode and main focusing electron lens to focus the photoelectrons, emitted from the photocathode 3, toward the center of the main focusing electron lens.

Abstract: A solid-state image sensor, which has a two-dimensional matrix of a plurality of pixels used to sense the two-dimensional spatial distribution of radioactive rays, light rays, electrons, ions, or the like, is provided with an aperture that extends through a substrate at an image sensing unit on which the pixels are arranged, and a signal transfer path that connects signal transfer electrodes for reading images of the respective pixels kept clear of the aperture. Furthermore, the image sensing unit is divided into at least two regions by a boundary including the aperture, and these regions have individual signal read registers. With this structure, the image sensor serves as both an image sensor for sensing the two-dimensional distribution of radiation or the like, and an aperture for passing such radiation.

Abstract: In a streak apparatus including a streak tube 1 having a vacuum container 1a which has a photocathode 3 at its one end and an output surface 6 at its other end, an accelerating electrode 4 for accelerating photoelectrons, a deflecting electrode 5 formed of a pair of electrodes, and a plurality of focusing magnetic flux generators 12a and 12b for focusing the photoelectrons emitted from the photocathode 3, a deflecting voltage generation circuit 10, an acceleration voltage generation circuit 9, and drive power supplies 13a and 13b for supplying a current to the focusing magnetic flux generators, the plurality of focusing magnetic flux generators 12a and 12b form a main focusing electron lens for forming an electron image, formed on the photocathode 3, on the output surface, and a prefocus lens arranged between the photocathode and main focusing electron lens to focus the photoelectrons, emitted from the photocathode 3, toward the center of the main focusing electron lens.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method of using a photocathode including a laminated heterostructure of Group III-V semiconductors, which is constituted by a p-type light-absorbing layer formed on a p-type substrate and a p-type electron-emitting layer formed on the light-absorbing layer, a first electrode formed to have a rectifying function with respect to the electron-emitting layer, and a second electrode formed in ohmic contact with the substrate, wherein a voltage necessary and sufficient to form a potential gradient throughout the light-absorbing layer is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, thereby accelerating photoelectrons excited in the light-absorbing layer which absorbs external incident light on the basis of an electric field formed in the light-absorbing layer and the electron-emitting layer and emitting the photoelectrons from the electron-emitting layer.

Abstract: A streak tube the total length of which is short. An optical image of an object is converted into a plurality of divided micro incident electronic images by converting means and photoelectrons from these divided micro incident electronic images are focused by a focusing electron lens. Further, the photoelectrons are swept by a deflecting means and imaged on an output plane. Thus, the optical image of the object is converted into the divided micro incident electronic images, so that focusing and sweeping can be performed in short distance. Accordingly, the total length of the tube can be short.

Abstract: There is disclosed a photocathode comprising:a photoelectric conversion layer for internally exciting photoelectrons in response to incident photons; a semiconductor layer having a photoelectron emission surface for emitting the photoelectrons generated and accelerated in the photoelectric conversion layer from the photoelectron emission surface; an upper surface electrode formed on the photoelectron emission surface of the semiconductor layer; and a lower surface electrode formed on the semiconductor layer so that the lower surface electrode is opposite to the upper surface electrode through the semiconductor layer, the upper surface electrode being divided so as to provide a plurality of pixel electrodes which are electrically insulated from each other, the plurality of pixel electrodes being respectively connected to a plurarity of bias application wires.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to provide an imaging device which can output distinct images which are not blurred. According to this invention, photoelectrons emitted from a photocathode (2) during a gate period in which a low potential change is given to the photocathode have set energy different from that of photoelectrons during the other period, and are incident on an energy filter (9). Only photoelectrons of the set energy pass through the energy filter (9). The photoelectrons which have passed through the energy filter during a gate period advance to an output surface (3).

Abstract: An imaging device comprising a vacuum vessel, an electron source arranged in the vessel and a solid-state image sensor arranged to receive signal electrons emitted from the electron source. The solid-state image sensor comprises a charge transferring device, picture element electrodes, an electron multiplier layer, and a surface electrode layer. The picture element electrodes are connected to the charge transferring device and cover the major part of this device. The surface electrode layer and the electron multiplier layer are stacked on the picture element electrodes. The surface electrode layer formed on the electron multiplier layer transmits the incident signal electrons to the electron multiplier layer.

Abstract: A streak camera having improved time resolving capacity in the femtosecond regime. The streak camera uses magnetic and/or electric fields in such a way as to minimize the adverse effects of angular distribution and energy distribution of photoelectrons simultaneously emitted from a photocathode in response to the impinging of light thereon.

Abstract: An electron detection apparatus detects information contained in electrons emitted from a sample. For the detection of electron, the apparatus uses a probe disposed in close proximity to the sample. The probe has a first side and a second side between which penetrates an aperture, wherein the first side of the probe confronts the sample. A voltage is applied between the probe and the sample. The voltage applied therebetween is set to a such a level that an electric field effect yields on the surface of the sample. Under the electric field effect yielding on the surface of the sample, light or heat is applied to the surface of the sample to emit the electrons from the sample. The electrons thus emitted is detected by entering electrons into the aperture at the first side, passing through the aperture and exiting from the aperture at the second side.

Abstract: An optical shutter-camera includes a first optical unit, a deflecting unit, and a second optical unit. The first optical unit receives image rays from a subject and outputs first optical image rays to form a first optical image of the subject. The deflecting unit includes a deflection member and a pumping unit. The deflection member is a nonlinear optical material whose refractive index is varied by beam radiation. The pumping unit radiates a pumping beam having a variable intensity to a required region of the deflection member and varies the refractive index of the required region to variably deflect optical paths of the first optical image rays. The deflection unit is positioned so that a deflection center of the optical paths of the first optical image rays, formed when the variable intensity-pumping beam in incident on the deflection member, substantially agree with a position where the first optical image is formed.

Abstract: In a streak tube wherein a photocathode and an acceleration electrode are disposed in confronting relation to each other for accelerating a photoelectron beam emitted from the photocathode, at least one of the photocathode and the acceleration electrode is formed on a strip-like electrode. A pulse voltage is applied to the strip-like electrode, whereby a very intensive pulsed electric field is developed between the photocathode and the acceleration electrode with the application of a relatively low pulse voltage. Interactive regions of the photocathode and the acceleration electrode are closely position with high accuracy. The streak tube can thus generate a streaked image with a very high time resolution without an increase in the background emission on a phosphor screen.

Abstract: A streak camera for detecting a light signal representing optical events occurring in ultra-short time intervals, comprising a photocathode, an accelerating electrode, a focusing electrode, an anode, a traveling wave deflector having a deflecting electrode for deflecting photoelectrons emitted from the photocathode with a deflection voltage having a phase velocity, a deflection circuit for controlling the deflection voltage to be applied to the deflecting electrode of the deflector, an electron stream detector having for detecting the electron stream deflected by said deflector, and a voltage control unit for controlling voltages to be applied to the photocathode, the accelerating electrode, the focusing electrode, the anode and the electron stream detector, thereby controlling a potential distribution in a photoelectron transit path.

Abstract: Electrons emitted from a photocathode in response to incident X-rays are accelerated and focused onto a microchannel plate (MCP). The electrons multiplied by the MCP are converted into a visible light image by a phosphor screen. An envelope tube is curved at a halfway portion, and the electrons are deflected by a deflection coil so as to travel along the curved envelope tube and enter the MCP. Even if X-rays are transmitted from the photocathode, they do not enter the MCP directly and hardly contribute to the background noise. A limiting aperture ring may further be employed to prevent the X-rays reflected by the inside wall of the envelope tube from entering the MCP.