Abstract: An organic light-emitting device is provided, which increases the proportion of available light as much as possible and which produces higher brightness with less input power.

Abstract: An oxide superconducting wire is provided which allows an insulating layer to be formed without deteriorating the superconducting properties. An oxide superconducting wire includes oxide superconducting filaments 1, a matrix 2, a covering layer 3, and an insulating layer 4. The matrix 2 is placed so as to enclose the oxide superconducting filaments 1 and is made of silver. The covering layer 3 is placed so as to enclose the matrix 2, contains silver and manganese, and has a thickness of 10 &mgr;m to 50 &mgr;m. The insulating layer 4 is placed so as to enclose the covering layer 3.

Abstract: A fluid jetting device is comprised of: a plurality of chambers arranged in a matrix form; nozzles formed in the plural chambers, respectively; a fluid pressure applying portion arranged on at least one planes of the plural chambers; a plurality of fluid pool sub-streams for supplying fluids to the plural chambers; a fluid pool main stream connected to one edges of the plural fluid pool sub-streams; and a fluid supplying portion for supplying a predetermined fluid to the fluid pool main stream. The fluid supplying portion is connected to a portion of the fluid pool main stream in the vicinity of this fluid pool main stream along a longitudinal direction thereof.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a flexible-type luminescent device, a flexible body is supplied from a flexible body supplying section to a luminescent material pattern forming section. Then, a luminescent material pattern is formed on the flexible body in the luminescent material pattern forming section. Finally, the flexible body is fed from the luminescent material pattern forming section to a flexible body receiving section.

Abstract: An oxide superconducting wire includes oxide superconducting filaments 1, a matrix 2, a covering layer 3, and an insulating layer 4. The matrix 2 is placed so as to enclose the oxide superconducting filaments 1 and is made of silver. The covering layer 3 is placed so as to enclose the matrix 2, contains silver and manganese, and has a thickness of 10 &mgr;m to 50 &mgr;m. The insulating layer 4 is placed so as to enclose the covering layer 3.

Abstract: The present invention provides a yoke-type information reproduction head apparatus 100 having a magnetic sensor block 3 provided on the substrate 1 via a non-magnetic insulation layer 2. The magnetic sensor 3 includes a ferromagnetic tunnel junction element 5 which is sandwiched between an upper electrode block 6 and a lower electrode block 7 and which is connected to a magnetic domain control bias layer 8. This enables to obtain preferable S/N and bit error rate with reduced waveform noise. This invention provides a yoke-type information reproduction head having both of the characteristics of the front yoke 4-1 as a magnetic path and a lower electrode 7 as an electric path.

Abstract: A communication system includes: at least one light-emitting device for emitting a light; and at least one light-receiving device for receiving the light emitted from the at least one light-emitting device. The light-emitting device further includes: at least one driver unit for generating a modified current based on an externally entered information signal; and at least one light-emitting unit operatively and functionally coupled to the at least one driver unit for receiving the modified current and emitting a modified signal light including any information based on the modified current. The at least one light-emitting unit includes at least one electroluminescence element.

Abstract: In an ink jet recording head, an ink pool has a main flow path communicating with an ink supply port and a plurality of branch flow paths branching from the main flow path. Each ejector has a pressure chamber, a pressure generating unit and a nozzle. The pressure chamber communicates with the corresponding one of the branch flow paths. The pressure generating unit generates a pressure wave in ink charged into the pressure chamber. The nozzle ejects the ink from the pressure chamber compressed by the pressure wave. At least one wall surface forming each of the branch flow paths is formed of a damper member elastically deformable in accordance with the change of pressure in the branch flow path.

Abstract: In a magnetoresistance element including a lower electrode layer which is formed directly on a lower shield layer or on another layer which is formed on the lower shield layer or so as to serve also as the lower shield layer; a magnetoresistance effect layer which is formed on part of the upper surface of the lower electrode layer; and an upper electrode layer which is formed above the lower electrode layer so that part of its lower surface will at least be in contact with the upper surface of the magnetoresistance effect layer, the upper electrode layer is formed so that the upper electrode layer seen in a plan view will avoid the edge of the lower electrode layer except at the ABS (Air Bearing Surface) of the magnetoresistance element.

Abstract: In a magnetoresistive effect transducer including a pinning layer, a pinned layer, a free layer and a non-magnetic layer inserted between the pinned layer and the free layer, a longitudinal bias layer is connected directly to a part of the free layer to apply a bias magnetic field to the free layer, thus biasing a magnetization direction of the free layer so that the magnetization direction of the free layer coincides with that of the longitudinal bias layer.

Abstract: By inserting a first antistripping layer comprising a first non-magnetic layer 22 and a first conductive layer 23 between a first magnetic layer 16 and a magnetic separation layer 13, adhesion between the first conductive layer 23 and the magnetic separation layer 13 is improved to prevent the first magnetic layer 16 from stripping. In addition, by inserting a second antistripping layer comprising a second non-magnetic layer 24 and a second conductive layer 25 between a second magnetic layer 21 and a magnetic gap layer 17, adhesion between the second conductive layer 24 and the magnetic gap layer 17 is improved to prevent the second magnetic layer 25 from stripping.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive head whose operation depends on a magnetoresistive effect is configured using a ferromagnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) film, which is arranged between a lower electrode and an upper electrode. The ferromagnetic tunnel junction film is basically configured using a set of a free layer, a barrier layer and a fixing layer, which are sequentially formed and laminated on the lower electrode. Herein, the ferromagnetic tunnel junction film is designed to avoid electrostatic destruction in manufacture by prescribed measures. For example, the barrier layer is reduced in thickness at a terminal portion as compared with a center portion. Or, the barrier layer has a defect at the terminal portion. In addition, it is possible to provide a conductor in connection with the barrier layer in proximity to its terminal portion.

Abstract: A light emitting device in accordance with the present invention includes a light emitting element and a light sensor for detecting the luminous intensity of the light emitted from the light emitting element. The light emitting element includes a lower electrode, a light emitting material layer including at least a light emitting layer, and an upper electrode having light transparency, which are formed on a substrate in the named order. One of the lower electrode and the upper electrode acts as a cathode, and the other acts as an anode. The light sensor is formed on the light emitting element.

Abstract: In a magnetoresistive effect transducer including a pinning layer, a pinned layer, a free layer and a non-magnetic layer inserted between the pinned layer and the free layer, a longitudinal bias layer is connected directly to a part of the free layer to apply a bias magnetic field to the free layer, thus biasing a magnetization direction of the free layer so that the magnetization direction of the free layer coincides with that of the longitudinal bias layer.

Abstract: The element configuration of a liquid crystal switch that is capable of reducing attenuation in an optical switch, and an optical reception device and an optical switch network that use this liquid crystal switch device are described. The liquid crystal switch device includes: a plurality of optical switches that perform ON/OFF switching of light beams by voltage that is applied to liquid crystal, optical fibers that are installed on both sides of each optical switch, voltage application switching elements for switching the switches of the plurality of optical switches to which voltage is to be applied, a plurality of switching lines and voltage application lines that are arranged in rows and columns for applying voltage to the voltage application switching elements, and drivers for switching between applying and not applying voltage to these lines; whereby the selection of combinations of any of these lines to which voltage is applied enables the ON/OFF control of optical switches at any position.

Abstract: In a magnetoresistive effect head in which a magnetoresistive effect element made from either a ferromagnetic tunnel junction film or a spin valve film is formed as a magnetoresistive sensor, a diode is connected in parallel with a first and a second electrode of the magnetoresistive effect element.

Abstract: A magnetoresistance element includes a lower electrode layer, a magnetoresistance effect layer, an upper electrode layer and a lower electrode anti-erosion/flaking layer. The lower electrode anti-erosion/flaking layer, which is formed before a photoresist layer remaining on the patterned lower electrode layer is removed, is formed around the lower electrode layer so that its edge facing the lower electrode layer will be in contact with the edge of the lower electrode layer.

Abstract: A magneto-resistive element comprises a first electrode, a magneto-resistive layer formed on the first electrode in which resistance is changed in accordance with magnetic field, and a second electrode layer formed on the magneto-resistive layer. The magneto-resistive layer has a first magnetic layer formed on the first electrode, a non-magnetic layer formed on the first magnetic layer, and a second magnetic layer formed on the non-magnetic layer. The average surface roughness of the first electrode is equal to or smaller than 0.3 nm. Since the first electrode has such the small average surface roughness, the non-magnetic layer formed on the first electrode layer is flattened, thus, current leakage is prevented. The first electrode is made of at least one of Ta, Zr, Ti, Hf, W, Mo, Y, V, Nb, Au, Ag, Pd, and Pt which has strong bond strength. Since the first electrode has strong bond strength, exfoliation of the first electrode from the layers contacting the first electrode does not occur.

Abstract: The present invention provides a magnetoresistive device including a multi-layered structure of a free magnetic layer, a non-magnetic non-conductive layer in contact with the free magnetic layer, a pinned layer in contact with the non-magnetic non-conductive layer, and a pinning layer in contact with the pinned layer for pinning a magnetization direction of the pinned layer, wherein at least any one of the free magnetic layer and the pinned layer has an interface region abutting the non-magnetic non-conductive layer, and at least a part of the interface region includes at least one material selected from the group consisting of CoFeB, CoZrMo, CoZrNb, CoZr, CoZrTa, CoHf, CoTa, CoTaHf, CoFeTi, CoNbHf, CoHfPd, CoTaZrNb, and CoZrMoNi.

Abstract: A light-emitting body of the present invention includes an anode and a cathode at least partly facing the anode with the intermediary of a light-emitting material layer. An auxiliary electrode is formed, via an insulation layer, on the surface of the light-emitting body opposite to the surface where the anode faces the cathode via the light-emitting material layer. The cathode can be formed of a material that corrodes little. The light-emitting body therefore extends the life of a light-emitting device and therefore the life of a light-emitting display.