Abstract: Deterioration in cycle characteristics and battery swelling are improved. The lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is characterized in comprising an electrolyte solution comprising a multifunctional monomer comprising two or more epoxy groups and a negative electrode comprising a binder comprising a polymer comprising a monomer unit comprising a functional group selected from the group consisting of —OH, —OM, —COOH, —COOM and —COOCnH2n+1, wherein M is a metal element, and n is an integer of 1 to 5.

Abstract: Carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibers in which the degree of arboxymethylsubstitution is higher than 0.30 and no more than 0.60, the cellulose type I crystallinity is 60% or higher, and the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 660 nm when the carboxymethylated cellose nanofibers are made into an aqueous dispersion having a solids fraction of 1% (w/v) is 60% or higher.

Abstract: Carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibers in which the cellulose type I crystallinity is 60% or higher, the aspect ratio is 350 or lower, and the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 660 nm when the carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibers are made into an aqueous dispersion having a solids fraction of 1% (w/v) is 60% or higher.

Abstract: A powder that contains carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibers, said carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibers having a degree of carboxymethyl substitution of 0.50 or less and a cellulose type I crystallinity of 60% or more, and has a median diameter of 10.0 ?m to 150.0 ?m. This powder is suitable usable as an additive.

Abstract: This pulverized product of carboxymethylated pulp has a carboxymethyl substation degree of 0.50 or less and a cellulose-I crystallinity index of 50% or more. This additive contains the pulverized product. Preferably, the carboxymethylated pulp is produced by performing a mercerization reaction in a solvent mainly containing water, and then performing a carboxymethylation reaction in a mixed solvent containing water and an organic solvent, and is fibrillated by wet pulverization.

Abstract: Provided is a multiple electron beam inspection apparatus including: an irradiation source irradiating a substrate with multiple electron beams; a stage on which is cable of mounting the substrate; an electromagnetic lens provided between the irradiation source and the stage, the electromagnetic lens generating a lens magnetic field, the multiple electron beams being capable of passing through the lens magnetic field; an electrostatic lens provided in the lens magnetic field, the electrostatic lens including a plurality of through-holes and a plurality of electrodes, the plurality of through-holes having wall surfaces respectively, each of the multiple electron beams being capable of passing through the corresponding each of the plurality of through-holes, each of the plurality of electrodes provided on each of the wall surfaces of the plurality of through-holes, at least one of the through-holes provided apart from a central axis of trajectory of the multiple electron beams having a spiral shape; and a power

Abstract: Provided is a lithium ion secondary battery having high energy density and excellent cycle characteristics, and hardly causing burning. The present invention relates to a lithium ion secondary battery comprising an electrode mixture layer comprising an electrode active material comprising Si alloy having a median diameter of 1.2 ?m or less and 12% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less of an electrode binder; and an electrolyte solution comprising 60% by volume or more and 99% by volume or less of a phosphoric acid ester compound, 0% by volume or more and 30% by volume or less of a fluorinated ether compound, and 1% by volume or more and 35% by volume or less of a fluorinated carbonate compound, wherein the total amount of the phosphoric acid ester compound and the fluorinated ether compound is 65% by volume or more.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a current collector that has high strength and is easily impregnated with an electrolyte. This current collector is provided with an opening formation portion provided with a plurality of openings, the current collector being characterized in that a protruding portion is formed at the tip of each opening, and only partial locations of the opening formation portion reach an end surface of the current collector and the other locations thereof do not reach the end surface.

Abstract: A projection optical system that enlarges an image to be displayed on an image display surface to an angle of view of 70 degrees or more, projects the enlarged image, and includes: a fixed focal length lens that has, in order from an enlargement side, a first optical system and a second optical system on a same optical axis, wherein the second optical system forms an intermediate image of the image, the first optical system enlarges and projects the intermediate image, the projection optical system comprises positive lenses that are positioned on both of the enlargement side and a reduction side of the intermediate image and are adjacent to each other, and following conditional expressions are satisfied: 0.4<Tm1/Tw<0.7 and T12w/Tw<0.2 (2).

Abstract: A projection optical system that enlarges and projects an image displayed on an image display includes: a first optical system; and a second optical system. The projection optical system is a monofocal lens or a zoom lens. The first optical system and the second optical system are arranged, in order starting with the first optical system, from an enlargement side of the projection optical system. The second optical system forms an intermediate image of the image between the first optical system and the second optical system. The first optical system enlarges and projects the intermediate image. The first optical system includes: a first-A optical system and a first-B optical system in order from the enlargement side; and a reflecting optical element that bends a light path between the first-A optical system and the first-B optical system.

Abstract: An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a lithium-ion secondary battery with high safety in which deterioration of a separator comprising polyethylene terephthalate is suppressed even when an electrolyte solution comprising a carbonate-based solvent is used. A first lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is a lithium ion secondary battery comprising an electrode laminate comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator, and an electrolyte solution, wherein the negative electrode comprises a solution type binder, the separator comprises polyethylene terephthalate, and the electrolyte solution comprises a solvent comprising a compound having a carbonate group.

Abstract: A multiple-electron-beam-image acquisition apparatus includes an electromagnetic lens to receive and refract multiple electron beams, an aberration corrector, disposed in a magnetic field of the electromagnetic lens, to correct aberration of the multiple electron beams, an aperture-substrate, disposed movably at the upstream of the aberration corrector with respect to an advancing direction of the multiple electron beams, to selectively make an individual beam of the multiple electron beams pass therethrough independently, a movable stage to dispose thereon the aberration corrector, a stage control circuit, using an image caused by the individual beam selectively made to pass, to move the stage to align the position of the aberration corrector to the multiple electron beams having been relatively aligned with the electromagnetic lens, and a detector to detect multiple secondary electron beams emitted because the target object surface is irradiated with multiple electron beams having passed through the aberrat

Abstract: A projection optical system includes: a first optical system and a second optical system disposed in that order from an enlargement side. The second optical system forms an intermediate image of the image, and the first optical system enlarges and projects the intermediate image. The first optical system includes: a first lens group, a first reflecting optical element, and a part of a second lens group, disposed in that order from the enlargement side. The second optical system includes: a remainder of the second lens group, a second reflecting optical element, and a third lens group, disposed in that order from the enlargement side. The second reflecting optical element reflects light output from the third lens group toward the second lens group. The first reflecting optical element reflects light output from the second lens group toward the first lens group.

Abstract: A multiple-electron-beam irradiation apparatus includes a first electrostatic lens, configured using the substrate used as a bias electrode by being applied with a negative potential, a control electrode to which a control potential is applied and a ground electrode to which a ground potential is applied, configured to provide dynamic focusing of the multiple electron beams onto the substrate, in accordance with change of the height position of the surface of the substrate, by generating an electrostatic field, wherein the control electrode is disposed on an upstream side of a maximum magnetic field of the lens magnetic field of the first electromagnetic lens with respect to a direction of a trajectory central axis of the multiple electron beams, and a ground electrode is disposed on an upstream side of the control electrode with respect to the direction of the trajectory central axis.

Abstract: Aberration corrector includes a lower electrode substrate to be formed therein with plural first passage holes having a first hole diameter and making multiple electron beams pass therethrough, and to be arranged thereon plural electrode sets each being plural electrodes of four or more poles, surrounding a first passage hole, for each of the plural first passage holes, and an upper electrode substrate above the lower one, to be formed therein with plural second passage holes making multiple electron beams pass therethrough, whose size from the top of the upper electrode substrate to the middle of way to the back side of the upper electrode substrate is a second hole diameter, and whose size from the middle to the back side is a third hole diameter larger than each of the first and second hole diameters, wherein a shield electrode is on inner walls of plural second passage holes.

Abstract: Provided is a novel manufacturing method whereby a carboxymethylated cellulose nanofiber dispersion having high tarnasparency can be obtained economically. In carboxymethylation of cellulose in the present invention, mercerization is performed in water as the main solvent, after which carboxymethylation is performed in a solvent mixture of water and an organic solvent, By defibrating the resultant carboxymethylated cellulose, a carboxymethylated cellulose nanofiber dispersion having high transparency can be obtained economically.

Abstract: A projection optical system that enlarges and projects an image displayed on an image display includes: a first optical system; and a second optical system. The projection optical system is a monofocal lens or a zoom lens. The first optical system and the second optical system are arranged, in order starting with the first optical system, from an enlargement side of the projection optical system. The second optical system forms an intermediate image of the image between the first optical system and the second optical system. The first optical system enlarges and projects the intermediate image. The first optical system includes: a first-A optical system and a first-B optical system in order from the enlargement side; and a reflecting optical element that bends a light path between the first-A optical system and the first-B optical system.

Abstract: Lithium ion secondary batteries are disclosed that include a positive electrode comprising a lithium nickel composite oxide as a positive electrode active material and a separator consisting of one or more layers selected from polyimide layer, polyamide layer, the battery having a low self-discharge failure rate even after long term storage. The lithium ion secondary batteries can include a positive electrode comprising a lithium nickel composite oxide and a separator consisting of one or more layers selected from polyimide layer, polyamide layer, and polyamide imide layer, wherein the battery comprises an acid and/or an acid anhydride in an electrolyte solution and/or a member in contact with the electrolyte solution.

Abstract: Provided is a battery capable of surely interrupting current at the time of temperature rise so that excessive heat generation does not occur at the occurrence of an abnormality. The battery 1 includes a battery element 10 including a positive electrode and a negative electrode, an inner package 13 which forms a first chamber 13a for enclosing the battery element 10, an outer package 14 which encloses the inner package 13 such that the outer package 14 forms a second chamber 14a which surrounds the first chamber 13a, and a pair of terminals 11, 12 electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode and led out to the outside of the outer package 14. One terminal 11 of the pair of terminals 11, 12 has a first terminal 11a and a second terminal 11b arranged so as to be electrically connected in the second chamber 13a.

Abstract: The separator for secondary battery, comprising: a porous substrate having a melting temperature or a decomposition temperature of 200° C. or more; and a resin member formed at least inside of the substrate in a plane section that occupies at least a part of a plane along with a thickness direction of the substrate; wherein said resin member is coated on inner surfaces of pores without completely blocking connecting paths that connects pores of the porous member, and wherein a distribution density of the resin member becomes lower toward inside of the substrate.