Abstract: An electrostatic-image developing toner includes toner particles, layered compound particles, and a free oil. The mass ratio Ma/Mb of the content Ma of the layered compound particles to the content Mb of the free oil is 0.05 or more and 100 or less.

Abstract: An electrostatic-image developing toner includes toner particles, layered compound particles, and inorganic particles. The inorganic particles have an average circularity of 0.910 or more and 0.995 or less. A ratio Da/Db of a number-average particle size Da of the layered compound particles to a number-average particle size Db of the inorganic particles is 1.2 or more and 43 or less.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing various 2-((meth)allyloxymethyl)acrylic acid derivatives in high yields with no need to load a raw material in a large excess for improving a reaction conversion ratio, and without use of a catalyst having high toxicity or a strong acid catalyst. Also provided are powder compounds that may be utilized as raw materials for synthesizing various chemical products. A method of producing a 2-((meth)allyloxymethyl)acrylic acid derivative includes causing the powder of a salt of a 2-((meth)allyloxymethyl)acrylic acid anion and an alkali metal cation (component A), and a halide (component B) to react with each other to produce a 2-((meth)allyloxymethyl)acrylic acid derivative. The 2-((meth)allyloxymethyl)acrylic acid alkali metal salt powder is the powder of a salt of a 2-((meth)allyloxymethyl)acrylic acid anion and an alkali metal cation, and has a bulk density of 0.50 g/mL or more, or a water content of 0.05 wt % or less.

Abstract: A toner for electrostatic image development contains: toner base particles containing at least a nonionic surfactant, a binder resin, and a release agent; and an external additive. The content of the nonionic surfactant is from 0.05% by mass to 1% by mass inclusive based on the total mass of the toner, and the external additive contains tin oxide particles.

Abstract: A toner for electrostatic image development includes: toner base particles containing at least a nonionic surfactant, a binder resin, and a release agent; and an external additive. The content of the nonionic surfactant is from 0.05% by mass to 1% by mass inclusive based on the total mass of the toner, and the external additive contains particles with an arithmetic mean particle diameter of from 50 nm to 400 nm inclusive. The amount of the external additive released is 5% by mass or less.

Abstract: A toner for electrostatic image development includes: toner base particles containing at least a nonionic surfactant, a binder resin, and a release agent; and an external additive. The content of the nonionic surfactant is from 0.05% by mass to 1% by mass inclusive based on the total mass of the toner. The external additive contains inorganic particles having an arithmetic mean particle diameter of from 50 nm to 400 nm inclusive and an average circularity of from 0.5 to 0.8 inclusive.

Abstract: There is provided a camera apparatus including: a capturing unit that includes a lens to which light, from a capturing area including IR light and visible light is incident, and that performs capturing based on the light; an IR lighting unit that irradiates the capturing area with IR light; and a controller that generates an instruction to change a focal position of the lens and an instruction to adjust a quantity of the IR light, in which the controller calculates an IR light ratio which indicates a ratio of the quantity of the IR light to the light included in a captured image of the capturing area, and selects and performs any one of a first focusing processing to change the focal position of the lens corresponding to the IR light, a second focusing processing to change the focal position of the lens corresponding to the visible light, and an IR light quantity adjustment determination processing to determine whether or not to adjust the quantity of the IR light, based on the IR light ratio.

Abstract: A peak location calculation device includes a peak value detection block that detects a plurality of candidates for a peak value of intensity of laser light received by an imaging unit consisting of an imaging element formed of a plurality of pixels, and a peak location calculation block that calculates an approximation function that approximates an intensity distribution of the laser light using the plurality of candidates for peak values detected by the peak value detection block. The peak location calculation block calculates the approximation function that minimizes an error between intensity values of the plurality of candidates for the peak value and values of the approximation function.

Abstract: A peak location calculation device includes a peak value detection block that detects a plurality of candidates for a peak value of intensity of laser light received by an imaging unit consisting of an imaging element formed of a plurality of pixels, and a peak location calculation block that calculates an approximation function that approximates an intensity distribution of the laser light using the plurality of candidates for peak values detected by the peak value detection block. The peak location calculation block calculates the approximation function that minimizes an error between intensity values of the plurality of candidates for the peak value and values of the approximation function.

Abstract: A semiconductor device according to an embodiment includes a semiconductor substrate including a first face having semiconductor elements, and a second face on an opposite side to the first face. A first insulating film is located on the first face of the semiconductor substrate. A conductor is located on the first insulating film. A metal electrode is located between the first face and the second face and passes through the semiconductor substrate to be in contact with the conductor. A second insulating film is located between the metal electrode and the semiconductor substrate. A boundary face between the first insulating film and the second insulating film is located on a side of the conductor relative to the first face of the semiconductor substrate and is inclined to approach the conductor toward a center portion of the metal electrode.

Abstract: A signal processing device for performing processing for reducing noise in a displacement amount measured on a basis of light reflected from a detection object includes a moving-average calculating unit that performs moving average calculation for an input signal to reduce a noise component included in the input signal and an infinite impulse response filter that reduces a noise component included in an input signal by digital signal processing. A filter coefficient of the infinite impulse response filter is determined on a basis of a difference between a first calculation result output by the moving-average calculating unit and a second calculation result output by the infinite impulse response filter when a same signal is input to the moving-average calculating unit and the infinite impulse response filter.

Abstract: A gear shift control system controls an actuator so that a pushing force will be a constant gearing-phase pushing force, during a gearing phase. The gear shift control system performs control on the basis of the number of rotation of the engine in the gearing phase, which is measured at the start of the gearing phase, so that the constant gearing-phase pushing force will increase as a number of rotation of the engine in the gearing phase increases. Thus, the hitting sound due to collision between the sleeve and the shift gear in shifting gears is reduced.

Abstract: A synchronizer-mechanism-equipped transmission capable of moving tips of sleeve teeth and ring teeth away from butting each other by moving a synchronizer sleeve with biasing means even if the tips of the sleeve teeth and ring teeth are in contact when actuator driving stops. When sleeve teeth of a synchronizer sleeve that moves during gear shifting are located at a first synchronization position where the sleeve teeth begin to come into contact with ring teeth, a pressing member of a detent mechanism is in contact with a pre-gear-shifting detent recessed portion of a star cam.

Abstract: A signal processing device for performing processing for reducing noise in a displacement amount measured on a basis of light reflected from a detection object includes a moving-average calculating unit that performs moving average calculation for an input signal to reduce a noise component included in the input signal and an infinite impulse response filter that reduces a noise component included in an input signal by digital signal processing. A filter coefficient of the infinite impulse response filter is determined on a basis of a difference between a first calculation result output by the moving-average calculating unit and a second calculation result output by the infinite impulse response filter when a same signal is input to the moving-average calculating unit and the infinite impulse response filter.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to correct the reduced degree of modulation in a diagonal direction in a four-plate camera having a frame memory and R, G1, G2, and B image pickup elements among which two green image pickup elements (G1, G2) shift pixels diagonally. This image pickup method is provided for an image pickup device having two green image pickup elements, a red image pickup element, and a blue image pickup element among which the two green image pickup elements shift pixels diagonally. The method includes, with respect to a contour correction target pixel, generating a diagonal contour correction signal from respective image signals of two diagonally upper left pixels, two diagonally upper right pixels, two diagonally lower left pixels, and two diagonally lower right pixels, and adding the diagonal contour correction signal to an image signal of the contour correction target pixel.

Abstract: In an image correction method and an image capture device, a one-frame addition average calculation unit calculates a one-frame addition average value. If the one-frame addition average value falls within an appropriate range, a determination circuit inputs image data for one frame to an adder and the adder adds the image data to a cumulative correction value to update the correction value. The updated correction value is stored in a frame memory. If the one-frame addition average value is outside the appropriate range, the image data for one frame is discarded. After updating the cumulative correction value until the number of updates reaches a prescribed number, an FPN correction value is calculated by dividing the cumulative correction value stored in the frame memory by the prescribed number, and an image is corrected by subtracting the FPN correction value from the image data inputted at the time of imaging.

Abstract: Provided is a blood processing filter comprising a container having two spouts serving as an inlet for a liquid to be processed and an outlet for the processed liquid, and a filtration medium contained in the container, the filtration medium comprising a filter material having different CWST values for one surface A and the other surface B.

Abstract: A color-separation optical system for image capture includes three rolling shutter CMOS image capturing elements of B, G and R, respectively capturing: an image of B at the speed of an integer N multiple of the number of output picture frames, an image of G at the speed of an integer M multiple of N+1, and an image of R at the speed of the integer M multiple of N+1. The vertical synchronization phases of the captured image frames of B, G and R, are offset by approximately half the vertical synchronization period of an even multiple of speed such that the center phases of the captured image frames of B, G and R have approximately the same vertical synchronization phase. A picture to be output uses the vertical effective pictures of the captured image frames having approximately the same vertical synchronization phase.

Abstract: There is disclosed an image processing method in which a video signal is inputted from an imaging optical system in which astigmatism remains, and is displayed on a two-dimensional display apparatus. Based on the circumferential direction modulation factor and radial direction modulation factor of a lens used in the imaging optical system, a signal including the amount of vertical or horizontal modulation factor correction proportional to an nth power (n is an integer greater than 1) of a distance from a center position of a screen of the two-dimensional display apparatus is outputted for at least one vertical or horizontal frequency of the two-dimensional display apparatus.

Abstract: A method of producing a semiconductor device includes forming, on a semiconductor substrate comprising a first surface on which an insulating layer covering a wiring structure and a first through via passing through the insulating layer are formed and a second surface opposed to, and facing away from, the first surface, a patterned first insulating film comprising at least one opening therethrough on the second surface, forming a through via hole inwardly of the second surface within which the wiring structure is exposed, by anisotropic dry etching into the second surface side of the semiconductor substrate through the at least one opening in the first insulating film, using a gas mixture containing SF6, O2, SiF4, and at least one of CF4, Cl2, BCl3, CF3I, and HBr, and forming a second through via in the through via hole.