Abstract: A potassium hexafluoromanganate is represented by General Formula: K2MnF6, and a diffuse reflectance with respect to light having a wavelength of 310 nm is 20% or more.

Abstract: A potassium hexafluoromanganate is represented by General Formula: K2MnF6, and a diffuse reflectance with respect to light having a wavelength of 550 nm is 60% or more.

Abstract: A driver-assistance device includes: a memory; and a processor including hardware. The processor is configured to perform switching control on an operation of a function that is included in a wearable device to be worn by a user and that acquires information on privacy, based on an occupancy state indicating a relative positional relation between a vehicle and the user.

Abstract: An assistance device enabling communication with a wearable device includes: a memory; and a processor including hardware, the processor being configured to acquire line-of-sight information about a line of sight of a user wearing the wearable device, based on the line-of-sight information, generate blind region state information indicating a state of a blind region shielded by a shielding object in a visual field region of the user, and output the blind region state information to the wearable device.

Abstract: A driver-assistance device includes: a memory; and a processor including hardware. The processor is configured to: acquire both line-of-sight information on a line of sight of a driver and image data resulting from imaging surroundings of a vehicle; set a display position and display contents of an image generated from the image data based on the line-of-sight information; and output the display position and the display contents together with the image.

Abstract: A counter balance valve (71L) is located between a directional control valve (23) and a hydraulic motor (32L) and provided on the way of a pair of supply/discharge lines (25A, 25B). The counter balance valve (71L) allows a spool (72L) to be displaced axially based on a pressure difference between the supply/discharge lines (25A, 25B). The counter balance valve (71L) includes a communicating passage (73L) for communicating the supply/discharge lines (25A, 25B) when the displacement of the spool (72L) exceeds a predetermined amount (XCM), based on a pressure difference between the supply/discharge lines (25A, 25B). The communicating passage (73L) is provided in the spool (72L) of the counter balance valve (71L).

Abstract: A counter balance valve (71L) is located between a directional control valve (23) and a hydraulic motor (32L) and provided on the way of a pair of supply/discharge lines (25A, 25B). The counter balance valve (71L) allows a spool (72L) to be displaced axially based on a pressure difference between the supply/discharge lines (25A, 25B). The counter balance valve (71L) includes a communicating passage (73L) for communicating the supply/discharge lines (25A, 25B) when the displacement of the spool (72L) exceeds a predetermined amount (XCM), based on a pressure difference between the supply/discharge lines (25A, 25B). The communicating passage (73L) is provided in the spool (72L) of the counter balance valve (71L).

Abstract: A bubble generating device for sewage purification includes: an outer cylinder 6 vertically placed in water; an injection port 2A placed at a lower central portion in the outer cylinder 6 for upwardly injecting air as bubble flow supplied from an air supply source; and microbubble generating device 3 placed higher than the injection port 2A for refining bubbles injected from the injection port 2A. A throat portion 30 for narrowing a flow path of bubble flow and water flow which rises in the outer cylinder 6 is placed between the injection port 2A and the microbubble generating device 3.

Abstract: A driving support device includes: a memory; and a processor including hardware, the processor being configured to acquire line-of-sight information about a line of sight of a driver seated in a driver's seat of a vehicle, and output driving support information for supporting driving of the vehicle, onto a visual field of the driver based on the line-of-sight information.

Abstract: An assistance device enabling communication with a wearable device includes: a memory; and a processor including hardware, the processor being configured to acquire line-of-sight information about a line of sight of a user wearing the wearable device, based on the line-of-sight information, generate blind region state information indicating a state of a blind region shielded by a shielding object in a visual field region of the user, and output the blind region state information to the wearable device.

Abstract: A driving support device includes: a memory; and a processor including hardware, the processor being configured to acquire line-of-sight information about a line of sight of a driver seated in a driver's seat of a vehicle, and output driving support information for supporting driving of the vehicle, onto a visual field of the driver based on the line-of-sight information.

Abstract: A driver-assistance device includes: a memory; and a processor including hardware. The processor is configured to perform switching control on an operation of a function that is included in a wearable device to be worn by a user and that acquires information on privacy, based on an occupancy state indicating a relative positional relation between a vehicle and the user.

Abstract: A driver-assistance device includes: a memory; and a processor including hardware. The processor is configured to: acquire both line-of-sight information on a line of sight of a driver and image data resulting from imaging surroundings of a vehicle; set a display position and display contents of an image generated from the image data based on the line-of-sight information; and output the display position and the display contents together with the image.

Abstract: A bubble generating device for sewage purification includes: an outer cylinder 6 vertically placed in water; an injection port 2A placed at a lower central portion in the outer cylinder 6 for upwardly injecting air as bubble flow supplied from an air supply source; and microbubble generating means 3 placed higher than the injection port 2A for refining bubbles injected from the injection port 2A. A throat portion 30 for narrowing a flow path of bubble flow and water flow which rises in the outer cylinder 6 is placed between the injection port 2A and the microbubble generating means 3.

Abstract: An exhaust cleaning filter has an exhaust gas inflow passage and an exhaust gas outflow passage disposed in alternating fashion; and a porous partition wall for setting the exhaust gas inflow and outflow passages at a distance from each other. A small pore region is sectioned off on the upstream side and a large pore region is sectioned off on the downstream side of the partition wall. The average pore diameter of the partition wall in the large pore region is greater than in the small pore region, and is set so that ash contained in the exhaust gas is able to pass through the partition wall. The exhaust purification filter has a promoting member for promoting the passing of exhaust gas that has flowed into the exhaust gas inflow passage, through the partition wall in the small pore region, and promoting inflow into the exhaust gas outflow passage.

Abstract: An estimated trapped amount (PM) that is an estimated value of an amount of particulate matter that is trapped in a particulate filter arranged in an engine exhaust passage is calculated based on an engine operating state, and PM removal control is performed when the estimated trapped amount exceeds an upper limit amount. Reference temperature increase control is performed to remove the particulate matter from the particulate filter, and an actual temperature that is the temperature of the particulate filter while the reference temperature increase control is being performed is detected. A reference temperature that is the temperature of the particulate filter when it is assumed that the reference temperature increase control has been performed when the amount of particulate matter trapped in the particulate filter is a reference initial trapped amount is stored in advance. The estimated trapped amount is corrected based on the actual temperature and the reference temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus may have a selective catalytic reduction NOx catalyst including a high-temperature catalyst layer having high capability of reducing NOx at high temperatures and a low-temperature catalyst layer having higher capability of reducing NOx at low temperatures than that of the high-temperature catalyst layer. The low-temperature catalyst layer may be arranged closer to a catalyst substrate than the high-temperature catalyst layer. A supply valve may add an addition quantity of reducing agent for reducing NOx to exhaust gas flowing into the selective catalytic reduction NOx catalyst. A controller may comprise at least one processor configured to control addition of the reducing agent by the supply valve such that the reducing agent concentration in a reducing agent atmosphere formed in the exhaust gas flowing into the selective catalytic reduction NOx catalyst is higher when the temperature of the selective catalytic reduction NOx catalyst is in a specific low temperature range.

Abstract: An object is to provide technology that enables an NOx catalyst to exercise its NOx reduction capability satisfactorily at any flow speed of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx catalyst. An exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a selective catalytic reduction NOx catalyst including at least a first catalyst layer having capability of reducing NOx and a second catalyst layer having oxidation capability and arranged closer to a catalyst substrate than the first catalyst layer. The apparatus has a supply valve for adding a specific addition quantity of reducing agent for reducing NOx to inflowing exhaust gas flowing into the selective catalytic reduction NOx catalyst.

Abstract: Micropore zones ZMI are defined at upstream sides of partition walls 72 of a particulate filter and macropore zones ZMA are defined at downstream sides of partition walls. The pore size of the partition walls at the micropore zones is set so that the particulate matter and the ash can be trapped by the partition walls at the micropore zones, while the pore size of the partition walls at the macropore zones is set so that the ash can pass through the partition walls at the macropore zones. When a quantity of trapped particulate matter is smaller than a limit quantity, control for increasing gas which temporarily increases the flow rate of the gas which flows into the particulate filter in order to remove the ash from the particulate filter, is performed.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification filter that is suitable for arrangement in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine and for collecting particulate matter contained in exhaust gas, comprises: exhaust gas inflow passages and exhaust gas outflow passages that are arranged alternately; and porous partitions that separate the exhaust gas inflow passages and the exhaust gas outflow passages from each other. Each of the partitions is divided into a coated zone in which a surface of a partition base is coated with a coating layer having a smaller average pore diameter than an average pore diameter of the partition base and a non-coated zone that is located on a downstream side of the coated zone and in which a surface of the partition base is not coated with the coating layer.