Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a pretreatment method for coating the surface of metal for vehicle chassis, in which a phosphorus element is not essential, the formation of sludge is extremely small, waste water treatment is facilitated, and a chemical conversion coat having adequate adhesion and adequate corrosion resistance can be formed. A pretreatment method for coating a surface of metal for vehicle chassis comprising treating the surface of metal for vehicle chassis with a chemical conversion treating solution to form a chemical conversion coat, wherein said chemical conversion treating solution comprises zirconium in an amount of 50 to 500 ppm on the metal element equivalent basis, and at least one silane compound selected from the group consisting of ?-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, hydrolysates of ?-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, ?-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and hydrolysates of ?-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane; and has a pH of 2 to 6.

Abstract: Checkered light-intensity pixel data is acquired by shifting the sampling timing of even-numbered horizontal scan lines from the sampling timing of odd-numbered horizontal scan lines by one-half of a sampling cycle. Each of the interpolated light-intensity pixel data for the checkered light-intensity pixel data is obtained by calculating the average value of four checkered light-intensity pixel data on up-and-down and right-and-left sides of each of the interpolated light-intensity pixel data. Light-intensity image data is generated by interpolating the interpolated light-intensity pixel data into the checkered light-intensity pixel data. The data interval in the light-intensity image data becomes twice the pixel density of the checkered light-intensity pixel data.

Abstract: An automation system for train maintenance that performs operations related to train maintenance without human intervention is provided. The automation system for train maintenance comprises a refuse reservoir (10), a sewage tank (20), a water tank (30), and expanders (41, 42, 51, 61). In this automation system, when a railway vehicle is parked, the expanders (41, 42, 51, 61) are expanded to lift connectors (45, 54, 64) toward the railway vehicle for connection to the refuse reservoir (10), sewage tank (20), and water tank (30). In this automation system, discharge of refuse, removal of sewage, and feeding of water are automatically performed. Upon completion of these operations, the expanders (41, 42, 51, 61) are contracted so that the connectors (44, 45, 54, 55, 64, 65) are stored in waiting locations (48, 58). Therefore, use of this automation system for train maintenance allows automatic train maintenance without human intervention.

Abstract: In yielding diacetoxybutene by feeding butadiene, acetic acid, and oxygen in the presence of a solid catalyst containing palladium, the butadiene can be efficiently reacted to produce diacetoxybutene in high yield by feeding an oxygen-containing gas containing 7 mol % or more oxygen as fine bubbles to a reaction zone containing the solid catalyst.

Abstract: In yielding diacetoxybutene by feeding butadiene, acetic acid, and oxygen in the presence of a solid catalyst containing palladium, the butadiene can be efficiently reacted to produce diacetoxybutene in high yield by feeding an oxygen-containing gas containing 7 mol % or more oxygen as fine bubbles to a reaction zone containing the solid catalyst.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a chemical conversion coating agent which places a less burden on the environment and can apply good chemical conversion treatment to all metals such as iron, zinc and aluminum.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a chemical conversion coating agent containing no chromium and capable of applying good chemical conversion treatment which is equal to or more than chemical conversion treatment by zinc phosphate to all metals such as iron, zinc and aluminum.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a pretreatment method for coating, which does not limit a coating method, places a less burden on the environment and can apply good chemical conversion treatment to all metals such as iron, zinc, aluminum and so on.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a chemical conversion coating agent which places a less burden on the environment and can apply good chemical conversion treatment to all metals such as iron, zinc and aluminum, and a surface-treated metal obtained using the same.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a pretreatment method for coating, which places a less burden on the environment and can apply good chemical conversion treatment to all metals such as iron, zinc and aluminum.

Abstract: An automation system for train maintenance that performs operations related to train maintenance without human intervention is provided. The automation system for train maintenance comprises a refuse reservoir (10), a sewage tank (20), a water tank (30), and expanders (41, 42, 51, 61). In this automation system, when a railway vehicle is parked, the expanders (41, 42, 51, 61) are expanded to lift connectors (45, 54, 64) toward the railway vehicle for connection to the refuse reservoir (10), sewage tank (20), and water tank (30). In this automation system, discharge of refuse, removal of sewage, and feeding of water are automatically performed. Upon completion of these operations, the expanders (41, 42, 51, 61) are contracted so that the connectors (44, 45, 54, 55, 64, 65) are stored in waiting locations (48, 58). Therefore, use of this automation system for train maintenance allows automatic train maintenance without human intervention.

Abstract: The floor of a passenger cabin in a railway car is mounted on a base plate 23 of an underframe 11 via plural common joists 33, 34. The vibration of the truck is transmitted via a center pin 27, a bolster 25, center sills, a base plate 23, and common joists 33, 34 to the floor 31, thereby vibrating the floor. Out of the common joists 33 and 34, the common joists 34 that are positioned near the width-direction-center of the car body do not extend beyond the center sill 25 toward the longitudinal end of the car body. This arrangement reduces the vibration of the floor 31 positioned at the longitudinal end portion of the car body.

Abstract: In yielding diacetoxybutene by feeding butadiene, acetic acid, and oxygen in the presence of a solid catalyst containing palladium, the butadiene can be efficiently reacted to produce diacetoxybutene in high yield by feeding an oxygen-containing gas containing 7 mol % or more oxygen as fine bubbles to a reaction zone containing the solid catalyst.

Abstract: An image forming method and apparatus that improves the S/N ratio of a low frequency component without causing losses to the data of a high frequency component. Low frequency image data representing the low frequency component of a sample is obtained by a CCD imaging means by use of a binning mode, and high frequency image data representing the high frequency component of a sample is obtained by the CCD imaging means without the use of a binning process. The low frequency image data and the high frequency image data are combined to form a synthesized image representing the sample.

Abstract: The invention discloses a scanner apparatus for performing bidirectional scanning by using an integration amplifying detector, which is capable of preventing the occurrence of jitters. To detect the n-th pixel from the left in a going direction, an integration timing setting circuit generates pulses indicating a resetting period Tr and a measuring period Ti by using the n-th pulse of a scanning position detecting clock as a reference, and then controls an integration circuit. To detect the n-th pixel from the left in a returning direction, an integration timing setting circuit generates a timing clock by delaying a difference period Td generated between the going and returning ways, with the n+1st pulse of the scanning position detecting clock from the left used as a reference, and then controls the integration circuit.

Abstract: The invention discloses a scanner apparatus for performing bidirectional scanning by using an integration amplifying detector, which is capable of preventing the occurrence of jitters. To detect the n-th pixel from the left in a going direction, an integration timing setting circuit generates pulses indicating a resetting period Tr and a measuring period Ti by using the n-th pulse of a scanning position detecting clock as a reference, and then controls an integration circuit. To detect the n-th pixel from the left in a returning direction, an integration timing setting circuit generates a timing clock by delaying a difference period Td generated between the going and returning ways, with the n+1st pulse of the scanning position detecting clock from the left used as a reference, and then controls the integration circuit.

Abstract: The floor of a passenger cabin in a railway car is mounted on a base plate 23 of an underframe 11 via plural common joists 33, 34. The vibration of the truck is transmitted via a center pin 27, a bolster 25, center sills, a base plate 23, and common joists 33, 34 to the floor 31, thereby vibrating the floor. Out of the common joists 33 and 34, the common joists 34 that are positioned near the width-direction-center of the car body do not extend beyond the center sill 25 toward the longitudinal end of the car body. This arrangement reduces the vibration of the floor 31 positioned at the longitudinal end portion of the car body.

Abstract: The number of pixels in a horizontal scanning direction and the number of pixels in a vertical scanning direction are computed by use of a calibration sheet. The cycle of a first clock pulse which is generated by a first clock generation section is computed by a clock-cycle computation section so that the computed number of horizontal pixels becomes equal to a desired number of horizontal pixels. Similarly, the cycle of a second clock pulse which is generated by a second clock generation section is computed by the clock-cycle computation section so that the computed number of vertical pixels becomes equal to a desired number of vertical pixels. The computed cycles of the first and second clock pulses are stored in a clock-cycle storage section. When reading a sheet from which an image is read out, a drive-clock control section controls the first and second clock generation sections, based on the stored clock cycles.

Abstract: A system for distributing power from a detection switch parent device to detection switch child, or slave, devices. The system includes a power supply source for supplying an electric power; the detection switch parent device including, a body portion, an output wire for outputting a detection signal connected to the body portion, and power supply wires connectable to the power supply source, for receiving the electric power; at least one detection switch child device each including, a body portion, and an output wire for outputting a detection signal connected to the body portion; and electrical connection means for electrically connecting the body portions of the detection switch parent device to detection switch child device to one another to transmits the electric power being supplied to the body portion of the detection switch parent device to the body portion of the detection switch child device.

Abstract: A luster detector arranged such that an output light beam of an LED is applied to a surface through a light projecting lens as an irradiating light beam having a predetermined width. Rays of light reflected from the surface are applied through a condenser lens to a line sensor. Of the rays of light reflected from the surface, the rays of light reflected regularly form a light spot on a light detecting section extending in the longitudinal direction of the light detecting section. Hence, even if the light receiving position is shifted, the light detecting operation is positively achieved. A detecting circuit determines the light reception distribution of the sensor to detect the luster of the surface.