Abstract: To provide an electrochromic element, which contains: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an electrolyte provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first electrode contains a polymer product obtained through polymerization of an electrochromic composition where the electrochromic composition contains a radical polymerizable compound containing triarylamine.

Abstract: Ink includes water, a coloring material, and a copolymer including a first structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 1 and a second structure unit including an anionic group. In the Chemical formula, R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X represents an alkylene group having 2-4 carbon atoms, and Y represents a substituted or non-substituted straight-chain alkylene group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A curable composition includes an acrylamide compound represented by the following Chemical formula 1: where R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, X represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and Y represents the following Chemical formula 2 or the following Chemical formula 3, where R2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and * represents a bond site with X, where R2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and * represents a bond site with X.

Abstract: A copolymer including a structural unit represented by General Formula (1) below, and a structural unit represented by General Formula (2) below, where, in General Formula (1), R1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, L1 is an alkylene group having 2 or greater carbon atoms but 5 or less carbon atoms, and X is a hydrogen atom or a cation, where, in General Formula (2), R2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and L2 is an alkylene group having 2 or greater carbon atoms but 18 or less carbon atoms.

Abstract: Ink includes water, a coloring material, and a copolymer including a first structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 1 and a second structure unit including an anionic group. In the Chemical formula, R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X represents an alkylene group having 2-4 carbon atoms, and Y represents a substituted or non-substituted straight-chain alkylene group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An ink includes a pigment, a wax, a water soluble solvent including a solvent having an SP value of from 9.0 to 11.0, and water, wherein the mass ratio of the content of the wax in the ink to the content of the solvent having an SP value of from 9.0 to 11.0 is in a range of from 1.0:2.5 to 1.0:25.0.

Abstract: Provided is an ink containing water, a coloring material, and a copolymer, wherein the copolymer contains a structural unit represented by any one of general formulae (1a), (1b), and (1c) below and a structural unit containing an anionic group, where R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, a represents an integer of from 6 through 10, and b represents an integer of 0 or 1, where R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, c represents an integer of 3 or 4, and d represents an integer of 0 or 1, where R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and e represents an integer of from 2 through 10.

Abstract: Ink includes water, a coloring material, and a copolymer including a first structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 1 and a second structure unit including an anionic group. In the Chemical formula, R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X represents an alkylene group having 2-4 carbon atoms, and Y represents a substituted or non-substituted straight-chain alkylene group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: To provide a copolymer including: a structural unit represented by the following General Formula (1) where X represents a hydrogen atom or a cation; a structural unit expressed by the following Structural Formula (1); and a structural unit represented by the following General Formula (2) where R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, L is a single bond or —(CH2)n—O—CO— where n is an integer in a range of from 2 through 18, and a carbonyl carbon atom in the —(CH2)n—O—CO— is bound to naphthyl.

Abstract: An ink includes a pigment a quinacridone compound represented by Chemical formula 1, and a copolymer including the structure unit represented by Chemical formula 2 or Chemical formula 3. In Chemical formula 1, R1, R2, R3, and R4 each, independently represent hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, or alkyl groups having 1-4 carbon atoms, R5, R6, and R7 each, independently represent alkyl groups having 1-4 carbon atoms or alkylene groups having 1-4 carbon atoms, and m represents 1 or 2, In Chemical formula 2, R8 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and L1 represents an alkylene group having 2-16 carbon atoms, In Chemical formula 3, R9 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, L2 represents a single bond or —(CH2)n—O— and n represents an integer of 2-16.

Abstract: Provided is an ink containing a copper phthalocyanine pigment, wherein an absorbance ratio (Y/X) of a local minimum absorbance Y of the ink in a wavelength range of from 665 nm through 675 nm to a local maximum absorbance X of the ink in a wavelength range of from 610 nm through 620 nm is 0.660 or greater but 0.740 or less.

Abstract: A curable composition includes an acrylamide compound represented by the following Chemical formula 1: where R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, X represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and Y represents the following Chemical formula 2 or the following Chemical formula 3, where R2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and * represents a bond site with X, where R2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and * represents a bond site with X.

Abstract: A copolymer including a structural unit represented by General Formula (1) below and a structural unit represented by General Formula (2) below, where, in General Formula (1), R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and X is a hydrogen atom or a cation, where, in General Formula (2), L is an alkylene group having 2 or more but 18 or less carbon atoms.

Abstract: To provide a copolymer including: a structural unit represented by the following General Formula (1) where X represents a hydrogen atom or a cation; a structural unit expressed by the following Structural Formula (1); and a structural unit represented by the following General Formula (2) where R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, L is a single bond or —(CH2)n—O—CO— where n is an integer in a range of from 2 through 18, and a carbonyl carbon atom in the —(CH2)n—O—CO— is bound to naphthyl.

Abstract: A copolymer including a structural unit represented by General Formula (1) below, and a structural unit represented by General Formula (2) below, where, in General Formula (1), R1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, L1 is an alkylene group having 2 or greater carbon atoms but 5 or less carbon atoms, and X is a hydrogen atom or a cation, where, in General Formula (2), R2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and L2 is an alkylene group having 2 or greater carbon atoms but 18 or less carbon atoms.

Abstract: Provided is an ink including: copolymer including at least one of structural unit of formula (1) and structural unit of formula (2); pigment having acid value of ?15 ?mol/g and represented by formula (3); water; and water-soluble organic solvent. In formula (1), R1 represents hydrogen or methyl group. L1 represents alkylene group including 2-18 carbon atoms. In formula (2), R1 represents hydrogen or methyl group. L2 represents single bond or —(CH2)n-O— of which oxygen is bound with biphenyl. n represents integer of 2 through 18. In formula (3), R1 represents any one of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl group including 1-4 carbon atoms, alkoxy group including 1-4 carbon atoms, hydroxy, nitro, and alkyl substituted or unsubstituted amino group including 1-4 carbon atoms. n represents integer of 1 through 5. When n is a plural number, R1 may be identical or different. R2, R3, and R4 represent alkyl group including 1-4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A copolymer includes a structure unit represented by Chemical Formula I; and a structure unit represented by Chemical Formula II, where R1 and R2 each, independently represent hydrogen atoms or methyl groups, X represents a hydrogen atom or a cation, and L represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A copolymer includes the structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 1 and the structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 2, where R1 and R2 each, independently represent hydrogen atoms or methyl groups, and n represents a value in the range of from 1 to 90, where R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and L represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Provided is an ink containing water, a coloring material, and a copolymer, wherein the copolymer contains a structural unit represented by any one of general formulae (1a), (1b), and (1c) below and a structural unit containing an anionic group, where R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, a represents an integer of from 6 through 10, and b represents an integer of 0 or 1, where R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, c represents an integer of 3 or 4, and d represents an integer of 0 or 1, where R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and e represents an integer of from 2 through 10.

Abstract: An inkjet recording ink, including: water; a water-soluble organic solvent; a pigment; and a phosphate group-containing copolymer, wherein the phosphate group-containing copolymer contains a structural unit represented by the following General Formula (1) and a structural unit represented by the following General Formula (2): where R1 denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; M+ denotes an alkali metal ion, an organic amine ion, or a hydrogen ion; half or more of M+ in the copolymer is the alkali metal ion or the organic amine ion, the remainder of M+ is the hydrogen ion; n and m each denote an integer of 0 to 6, provided that both of n and m are not 0; and a block of (C2H4O) and a block of (C3H6O) may be exchanged with each other, where R2 denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.