Abstract: To provide an electrochromic element, which contains: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an electrolyte provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first electrode contains a polymer product obtained through polymerization of an electrochromic composition where the electrochromic composition contains a radical polymerizable compound containing triarylamine.

Abstract: An inkjet recording ink, including: water; a water-soluble solvent; a pigment; and a phosphate group-containing copolymer, wherein the phosphate group-containing copolymer includes a structural unit represented by the following general formula (1) and a structural unit represented by the following general formula (2): wherein, in the general formula (1), R1 represents either of a hydrogen atom and a methyl group; and M+ represents any of an alkali metal ion, an organic amine ion and a hydrogen ion, one-half or more of the M+ in the copolymer is an alkali metal ion or an organic amine, and the remainder is a hydrogen ion; wherein, in the general formula (2), R2 represents either of a hydrogen atom and a methyl group.

Abstract: An ink includes a pigment a quinacridone compound represented by Chemical formula 1, and a copolymer including the structure unit represented by Chemical formula 2 or Chemical formula 3. In Chemical formula 1, R1, R2, R3, and R4 each, independently represent hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, or alkyl groups having 1-4 carbon atoms, R5, R6, and R7 each, independently represent alkyl groups having 1-4 carbon atoms or alkylene groups having 1-4 carbon atoms, and m represents 1 or 2, In Chemical formula 2, R8 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and L1 represents an alkylene group having 2-16 carbon atoms, In Chemical formula 3, R9 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, L2 represents a single bond or —(CH2)n—O— and n represents an integer of 2-16.

Abstract: A copolymer including a structural unit represented by General Formula (1) below and a structural unit represented by General Formula (2) below, where, in General Formula (1), R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and X is a hydrogen atom or a cation, where, in General Formula (2), L is an alkylene group having 2 or more but 18 or less carbon atoms.

Abstract: Ink includes water, a coloring material, and a copolymer including a first structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 1 and a second structure unit including an anionic group. In the Chemical formula, R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X represents an alkylene group having 2-4 carbon atoms, and Y represents a substituted or non-substituted straight-chain alkylene group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An ink composition contains (a) a pigment represented by chemical formula 1a or chemical formula 1b, (b) a polymer having a structure unit having a diphosphonic acid group and represented by Chemical formula 2, (c) a hydrosoluble solvent, and (d) water.

Abstract: An inkjet ink contains water, a hydrosoluble organic solvent, a pigment, polyvinyl pyrolidone, and a copolymer, wherein the copolymer contains a structure unit represented by Chemical formula 1, where R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R2 is an alkyl group having one to four carbon atoms, M1+, M2+, M3+, and M4+ each, independently represent protons, alkali metal ions, or organic ammonium ions, and a structure unit represented by Chemical formula 2, where R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, a structure unit represented by Chemical formula 3, where R4 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, or a structure unit represented by Chemical formula 4, where R5 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

Abstract: Provided is an ink including: copolymer including at least one of structural unit of formula (1) and structural unit of formula (2); pigment having acid value of 15 ?mol/g and represented by formula (3); water; and water-soluble organic solvent. In formula (1), R1 represents hydrogen or methyl group. L1 represents alkylene group including 2-18 carbon atoms. In formula (2), R1 represents hydrogen or methyl group. L2 represents single bond or —(CH2)n-O— of which oxygen is bound with biphenyl. n represents integer of 2 through 18. In formula (3), R1 represents any one of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl group including 1-4 carbon atoms, alkoxy group including 1-4 carbon atoms, hydroxy, nitro, and alkyl substituted or unsubstituted amino group including 1-4 carbon atoms. n represents integer of 1 through 5. When n is a plural number, R1 may be identical or different. R2, R3, and R4 represent alkyl group including 1-4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Provided is an ink containing a copper phthalocyanine pigment, wherein an absorbance ratio (Y/X) of a local minimum absorbance Y of the ink in a wavelength range of from 665 nm through 675 nm to a local maximum absorbance X of the ink in a wavelength range of from 610 nm through 620 nm is 0.660 or greater but 0.740 or less.

Abstract: An ink for inkjet recording contains water, an organic solvent, a pigment, and a compound represented by the following Chemical formula 1: In Chemical formula 1, M+'s each, independently represent protons, cations of alkali metals, ammonium ions, or organic ammonium ions.

Abstract: A copolymer contains a structure unit represented by Chemical formula 1 and a structure unit represented by Chemical formula 2, where R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X represents a hydrogen atom or a cation, L1 and L2 each, independently represent alkylene groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A copolymer includes structural units having the following formulae (1) and (2): wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; X represents a hydrogen atom or a cationic ion; and each of L1 and L2 independently represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An ink includes a pigment, a wax, a water soluble solvent including a solvent having an SP value of from 9.0 to 11.0, and water, wherein the mass ratio of the content of the wax in the ink to the content of the solvent having an SP value of from 9.0 to 11.0 is in a range of from 1.0:2.5 to 1.0:25.0.

Abstract: A copolymer includes the structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 1 and the structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 2, where R1 and R2 each, independently represent hydrogen atoms or methyl groups, and n represents a value in the range of from 1 to 90, where R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and L represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A copolymer includes structural units having the following formulae (1) and (2): wherein each of R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; X represents a hydrogen atom or a cationic ion; and L represents a single bond or —(CH2)n—O—, the oxygen atom of which is bonded with the biphenyl; and n represents an integer of from 2 to 18.

Abstract: An ink composition contains a pigment; a copolymer containing a phosphoric acid group or phosphonic acid group; a hydrosoluble solvent; and water, wherein the pigment is represented by the following chemical formula 1 and satisfies the following relation 1: Y<X<0.8, where X represents a peak intensity at a Bragg (2?±0.2°) angle in a range of 2? of from 5.5° to 6.0° and Y represents a peak intensity at a Bragg (2?±0.2°) angle in a range of 2? of from 26.5° to 27.5° to a CuK? X-ray having a wavelength of 1.541 ?. where R each, independently represents monovalent groups selected from hydrogen atoms, methyl groups, or chlorine atoms.

Abstract: An ink includes water, a pigment, and a copolymer, wherein the copolymer contains a structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 1, where R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, M1+ and M2+ each, independently represent monovalent cations, n and m each, independently represent 0 or integers of from 1 to 6 excluding a case where both are 0 and a structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 2, where R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Y represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An ink includes water, a pigment, and a copolymer, wherein the copolymer contains a structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 1, where R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, M1+ and M2+ each, independently represent monovalent cations, n and m each, independently represent 0 or integers of from 1 to 6 excluding a case where both are 0 and a structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 2, where R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Y represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An ink for inkjet recording includes water; a hydrosoluble solvent; a pigment; and a copolymer including a phosphonic acid group. The copolymer including a phosphonic acid group includes structural units having the following formulae (1) and (2): wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and M represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal or an organic ammonium; and wherein R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and each of n and m represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 30, provided n+m is from 2 to 30.

Abstract: A copolymer includes structural units having the following formulae (1) and (2): wherein each of R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; X represents a hydrogen atom or a cationic ion; and L represents a single bond or —(CH2)n—O—, the oxygen atom of which is bonded with the biphenyl; and n represents an integer of from 2 to 18.