Abstract: A ceramic according to the present invention includes, in mass %, BN: 20.0 to 55.0%, SiC: 5.0 to 40.0%, ZrO2 and/or Si3N4: 3.0 to 60.0%. The ceramic has a coefficient of thermal expansion at ?50 to 500° C. of 1.0×10?6 to 5.0×10?6/° C., is excellent in low electrostatic properties (106 to 1014 ?·cm in volume resistivity) and free-machining properties, and is thus suitable to be used for, for example, a probe guiding member for guiding probes of a probe card, and a socket for package inspection.

Abstract: A ceramic containing, in mass %: Si3N4: 20.0 to 60.0%, ZrO2: 25.0 to 70.0%, at least one selected from SiC and AlN: 2.0 to 17.0%, where AlN is 10.0% or less, at least one selected from MgO, Y2O3, CeO2, CaO, HfO2, TiO2, Al2O3, SiO2, MoO3, CrO, CoO, ZnO, Ga2O3, Ta2O5, NiO and V2O5: 5.0 to 15.0%, wherein Fn calculated from the following equation (1) satisfies 0.02 to 0.40. This ceramic can be laser machined with high efficiency.

Abstract: A ceramic contains, in mass percent: Si3N4: 20.0 to 60.0%, ZrO2: 25.0 to 70.0%, and one or more oxides selected from MgO, Y2O3, CeO2, CaO, HfO2, TiO2, Al2O3, SiO2, MoO3, CrO, CoO, ZnO, Ga2O3, Ta2O5, NiO, and V2O5: 5.0 to 15.0%. The ceramic has a coefficient of thermal expansion as high as that of silicon and an excellent mechanical strength, allows fine machining with high precision, and prevents particles from being produced.

Abstract: A ceramic contains, in mass percent: Si3N4: 20.0 to 60.0%, ZrO2: 25.0 to 70.0%, and one or more oxides selected from MgO, Y2O3, CeO2, CaO, HfO2, TiO2, Al2O3, SiO2, MoO3, CrO, CoO, ZnO, Ga2O3, Ta2O5, NiO, and V2O5: 5.0 to 15.0%. The ceramic has a coefficient of thermal expansion as high as that of silicon and an excellent mechanical strength, allows fine machining with high precision, and prevents particles from being produced.

Abstract: A ceramic according to the present invention includes, in mass %, BN: 20.0 to 55.0%, SiC: 5.0 to 40.0%, ZrO2 and/or Si3N4: 3.0 to 60.0%. The ceramic has a coefficient of thermal expansion at ?50 to 500° C. of 1.0×10?6 to 5.0×10?6/° C., is excellent in low electrostatic properties (106 to 1014 ?·cm in volume resistivity) and free-machining properties, and is thus suitable to be used for, for example, a probe guiding member for guiding probes of a probe card, and a socket for package inspection.

Abstract: A high-strength machinable ceramic capable of high-precision fine machining has a coefficient of thermal expansion close to that of silicon and preferably a uniform blackish color which facilitates image processing of machined parts. The ceramic comprises a main constituent and a sintering aid. The main constituent comprises 30–59.95 mass % of boron nitride, 40–69.95 mass % of zirconia, optionally up to 20 mass % of silicon nitride and 0.05–2.5 mass % (calculated as an element) of at least one coloring additive, which is selected from C, Si, elements of Groups IIIA–IVB in the fourth period, elements of Groups IVA–VB in the fifth period, elements of Groups IVA–VIB in the sixth period of the long form periodic table, and compounds of these elements.

Abstract: A high-strength machinable ceramic capable of high-precision fine machining has a coefficient of thermal expansion close to that of silicon and preferably a uniform blackish color which facilitates image processing of machined parts. The ceramic comprises a main constituent and a sintering aid. The main constituent comprises 30-59.95 mass % of boron nitride, 40-69.95 mass % of zirconia, optionally up to 20 mass % of silicon nitride and 0.05-2.5 mass % (calculated as an element) of at least one coloring additive, which is selected from C, Si, elements of Groups IIIA-IVB in the fourth period, elements of Groups IVA-VB in the fifth period, elements of Groups IVA-VIB in the sixth period of the long form periodic table, and compounds of these elements.

Abstract: A battery voltage regulator for a vehicle charging system includes a voltage control circuit for controlling a battery terminal voltage and an external terminal connected to the positive terminal of a battery through the series combination of a charge lamp and an ignition switch. The regulator is at least composed of a charge lamp drive circuit responsive to a generation output of an alternator in order to energize the charge lamp, a power supply circuit responsive to the potential at the above mentioned external terminal to supply operational power to the voltage control circuit, and a malfunction-preventing circuit connected between the above mentioned external terminal and ground. The malfunction-preventing circuit prevents the power supply circuit from operating by disturbances such as leakage current flowing into the regulator through the external terminal.

Abstract: A generation control apparatus for vehicles comprises a voltage regulator circuit for controlling the generation of power by a vehicle generator. The power is supplied to the voltage regulator circuit through a first circuit including an ignition switch and a second circuit not including the ignition switch. The supply of power through the second circuit is dependent upon the generating condition of the generator thus allowing the control of the power generation by means of the current flowing through a charge indicator even if the detection of the power generation is prevented. In this way, even if a fault such as a break occurs in the first circuit, the generating operation is maintained until the engine is turned off and the generator has stopped.

Abstract: A power generation control system for a vehicle generator comprises a generator including an armature coil, an exciting coil and a rectifier for rectifying the AC output of the armature coil, a battery, and a voltage control device for controlling the activation of the generator in accordance with the terminal voltage of the battery. This power generation control system further comprises an abnormal voltage detector circuit for detecting the voltage generated across the armature coil and cutting off the current flowing in the exciting coil when said voltage exceeds a predetermined value. The abnormal voltage detector circuit has the function to hold this forcible stoppage of power generation.

Abstract: A generation control apparatus for vehicle generator normally controls the energization of the vehicle generator in response to a terminal voltage of a battery which is charged by the generator through a rectifier. The generation control apparatus includes a fault detection circuit to detect an abnormal condition of the terminal voltage of the battery or the output voltage of the generator, and if the abnormal condition is detected, a changeover circuit effects the control of the energization in accordance with the output voltage of the generator instead of the battery terminal voltage.

Abstract: A new method of charging a vehicle battery is disclosed. The proposed method employs electronically controlled data processing device, which controls battery charging condition in accordance with temperature, battery electrolyte, external electric load as well as battery voltage. As a result, voltage drop due to over loading may be prevented and a stable battery charging voltage may be obtained.

Abstract: A semi-conductor voltage regulation system for a vehicle alternator has a timed signal generating circuit initiated by the engine starter signal. The field exciting current of the alternator is first supplied for a predetermined period after the engine has been started until the alternator is excited to start generation. When the alternator is fully excited, the regulation system operates in the well known manner.

Abstract: In a voltage control apparatus for an electric generator (1) for vehicles including an armature winding (3), an exciting coil (4), a rectifier (2) for rectifying an a.c. output from the armature winding, and a voltage regulator (5), the voltage regulator comprises a differential amplifier circuit (26) producing a detected voltage corresponding to a difference between a battery charging voltage and a reference voltage, a comparator circuit (30) comparing the detected voltage with a triangular waveform voltage generated at constant periods and producing a pulsed output voltage, a first driver circuit (51) effecting duty-factor-control of an exciting current flowing through the exciting coil in response to the pulsed output voltage, and an initial excitation circuit (32) for causing a predetermined small initial exciting current to flow through the exciting coil intermittently during a time interval after the start of the electric generator.

Abstract: A semi-conductor voltage regulation system for a vehicle includes engine rise-up detection circuit and an oscillator circuit. The field exciting current is intermittently supplied by the oscillator circuit before the engine starts and continuously supplied after the engine has started so as to minimize battery discharge.

Abstract: A generator operation indicating apparatus for vehicle generators having a protective circuit against abnormal voltage, includes a drive circuit for turning an indicating device on from the time of closing of a key switch until the time that a vehicle generator attains a predetermined operating condition to indicate the generator operation and a control circuit for forcibly rendering the drive circuit inoperative in response to the occurrence of an abnormal voltage between the indicating device and the drive circuit. When the generator attains the predetermined operating condition, the indicating device is turned off and the supply of current to a load circuit is started. In this case, the drive circuit is also forced to come out of operation upon occurrance of an abnormal supply voltage.

Abstract: When an engine key switch of a vehicle is closed, a rotor coil of a three-phase a.c. alternator adapted to charge a vehicle-mounted battery is excited by a first controlling circuit. Even with the closure of the engine key switch, the exciting current is restricted to a predetermined value by a second controlling circuit before the alternator has reached a predetermined operating state. The operating state of the alternator is monitored by detecting a voltage at the neutral point of a stator coil connected in star of the alternator.

Abstract: A semi-conductor voltage regulation system for a vehicle includes engine rise-up detection circuit and an oscillator circuit. The field exciting current is intermittently supplied by the oscillator circuit before the engine starts and continuously supplied after the engine has started so as to minimize battery discharge. The engine rise-up detection circuit changes its input impedance in accordance with the voltage applied thereto, whereby a highly reliable regulator with less heat generation may be obtained.

Abstract: A first and a second full-wave rectifying network are respectively connected with both ends of generating coils of a generator for respectively generating alternating current thereat. A switching device has normally closed contacts for making voltage differences among the input terminals of the second full-wave rectifying network zero, whereby the coils act as a star-connected current generating winding so long as the contacts are held closed. The switching device also has an energizing coil for actuating the normally-closed contacts to open when the rotational speed of the generator exceeds a predetermined value. When the normally-closed contacts are opened, the coils no longer act as the star-connected winding but an independently generating winding, to thereby increase the output current from the generator even when the generator operates at a relatively high rotational speed.

Abstract: To prevent unusually high or low voltage output from an automotive-type alternator, in case of failure of connection from the alternator rectifier output to the automotive vehicle battery, a connecting network is provided connecting an auxiliary alternator output terminal to the voltage sensing circuit to control the voltage sensing circuit to in turn control the field current to the alternator to prevent excessive output voltages. Additionally, a further voltage sensing circuit is connected to the auxiliary terminal to provide limited energization to the field for self-excitation of the generator if the vehicle engine, driving the generator is started, for subsequent transfer of control to the main voltage sensing circuit, but to prevent continuous field current flow at full field current value to prevent burnout of the field in case the engine is not started, but the main vehicle switch, typically the ignition switch, is left closed.