Abstract: A formation method for forming a water repellent layer on a surface of a metal substrate forms asperities on a surface of a metal basis material of the metal substrate by irradiating the metal basis material with plasma ions. The formation method forms an alloy from atoms of a metal of the metal basis material and the plasma ions. The formation method forms the asperities with portions of the metal basis material, which are not etched due to the alloy, and portions of the metal basis material, which are not alloyed but are etched. The formation method forms the water repellent layer by forming the asperities.

Abstract: Gas flow rate measuring apparatus comprising resistive element disposed in a gas flow path, a gas flow rate detection circuit, and a gas temperature detection element or a substrate temperature detection element. The detection circuit detects a current flowing through the resistive element, or a voltage generated in response to the current to output a gas flow rate detection signal in accordance with a flow rate of gas flowing. The apparatus corrects characteristics of the gas flow rate detection signal on the basis of a temperature detection signal obtained from these elements and includes signal conversion means for correcting a characteristic bend displaced by more than a certain fixed amount from target characteristics.

Abstract: Provided is a highly accurate, highly reliable gas flow rate measurement device that provides an enlarged temperature range over which the resolution at a high temperature and at a low temperature can be increased to achieve high accuracy no matter whether the characteristics of a gas temperature detection element are nonlinear. The gas flow rate measurement device includes a plurality of resistors that are disposed in a gas flow path, a gas flow rate detection circuit that outputs a gas flow rate detection signal in accordance with the flow rate of a gas flowing in the gas flow path by detecting a current flowing in the resistors or by detecting a voltage generated in accordance with the current, and a gas temperature detection element 1 that detects the temperature of the gas in the gas flow path.

Abstract: An injector includes a valve body, a needle valve, and a thermal expansion member. The valve body includes an internal space and a bottom portion having a nozzle hole. One end side of the space is covered with the bottom portion. The needle valve is accommodated in the space such that a fuel passage leading to the hole is formed between an inner surface of the valve body and an outer surface of the needle valve. The passage is opened or closed with respect to the hole by movement of the needle valve, so fuel injection is started or stopped. The inner surface of the bottom portion is opposed to a one end surface of the needle valve. The member is attached on the one end surface. The member is made of a material having a larger coefficient of thermal expansion than a material of the needle valve.

Abstract: A reducing gas generator generates reducing gas including ammonia. The generator includes a solid reductant and a heat-generating portion. The solid reductant is formed in a columnar shape. A cross-sectional surface of the solid reductant has a constant shape and is perpendicular to a central axis of the solid reductant. The heat-generating portion includes a heat-generating surface opposed to a lower surface of the solid reductant in a vertical direction thereof and in contact with an entire region of the lower surface, and a heating element that heats the heat-generating surface when energized, so that the solid reductant is heated and decomposed to generate the reducing gas.

Abstract: A 1.55 ?m band dispersion shifted optical fiber is provided which has a low loss and low dispersion slope. A core region “a” is heavily doped with GeO2 . A core region “b” is composed of pure SiO2 glass. A cladding section is arranged around the core region. The cladding section has a lot of holes extending in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber. The holes of the cladding section are not located at random, but have a honeycomb structure composed of regular hexagons which have a side length of ?, and serve as a primitive lattice. The center of the core section has a region having a refractive index higher than that of the periphery of the core section. The core section has the refractive index distribution in which the group velocity dispersion at the operation wavelength of the region becomes the normal dispersion.

Abstract: A method is for forming a periodic groove arrangement. According to the method, a base material made of metal is provided. Furthermore, the periodic groove arrangement, which includes a plurality of periodic grooves, is formed on a surface of the base material by irradiating and scanning the surface of the base material with a pulsed laser. A fuel injection system includes a nozzle hole forming part and the periodic groove arrangement formed by the method. The nozzle hole forming part includes a nozzle hole, which passes through the nozzle hole forming part and through which fuel is injected. The periodic groove arrangement is formed on an outer surface of the nozzle hole forming part.

Abstract: A DPF and a SCR catalyst are provided in an exhaust pipe, and a urea solution addition valve is provided between the DPF and the SCR catalyst for performing addition supply of urea solution into the exhaust pipe. In a urea solution supply system, the urea solution of prescribed concentration is stored in a urea solution tank, and a urea solution pump is provided in the tank. A urea solution supply pipe is connected to the urea solution pump. A part of the urea solution supply pipe is structured as a compound pipe structure defining two passages. One of the two passages serves as a urea solution passage, and the other one serves as an engine coolant passage.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve has a valve guide, a valve member movable in a center opening of the valve guide along an axial direction of the valve guide, and a covering layer disposed on a surface of the valve guide. The valve guide has a valve seat placed on an inner surface thereof and a nozzle hole from which fuel is injected. The valve member is seated on the valve seat to close the nozzle hole and leaves the valve seat to open the nozzle hole. The covering layer is placed around an outlet opening of the nozzle hole. The covering layer is made of boron nitride in a hexagonal crystal system so as to have a hydrophilic property higher than that of the surface of the valve guide.

Abstract: A 1.55 ?m band dispersion shifted optical fiber is provided which has a low loss and low dispersion slope. A core region “a” is heavily doped with GeO2 . A core region “b” is composed of pure SiO2 glass. A cladding section is arranged around the core region. The cladding section has a lot of holes extending in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber. The holes of the cladding section are not located at random, but have a honeycomb structure composed of regular hexagons which have a side length of ?, and serve as a primitive lattice. The center of the core section has a region having a refractive index higher than that of the periphery of the core section. The core section has the refractive index distribution in which the group velocity dispersion at the operation wavelength of the region becomes the normal dispersion.

Abstract: A formation method for forming a water repellent layer on a surface of a metal substrate forms asperities on a surface of a metal basis material of the metal substrate by irradiating the metal basis material with plasma ions. The formation method forms an alloy from atoms of a metal of the metal basis material and the plasma ions. The formation method forms the asperities with portions of the metal basis material, which are not etched due to the alloy, and portions of the metal basis material, which are not alloyed but are etched. The formation method forms the water repellent layer by forming the asperities.

Abstract: A foamed resin composition includes a polyolefin-based resin, and a ring opening polymer of norbornene or a copolymer of norbornene and ethylene or a mixture thereof. The ring opening polymer of norbornene or the copolymer of norbornene and ethylene or the mixture thereof is used as a foam nucleating agent in the foamed resin composition.

Abstract: A molten metal supplying container, comprising a container capable of storing a molten metal and loading the molten metal to the inside thereof or supplying the molten metal to the outside thereof by controlling a difference in pressure between inside and outside of the container, a passage allowing the inside and outside of the container to communicate with each other to have the molten metal flow therethrough, a lid disposed to cover the first opening having a second opening with a diameter smaller than the first opening and a hatch provided at the second opening capable of being opened and closed, having a passage communicating inside and outside the container. The passage is used, for example, to control inner pressure of the container and to insert the electrode for detecting the surface level of the molten metal.

Abstract: A parts list system includes a figure generator, a information database, a figure controller, a part table database and a part table controller. The figure generator generates a CAD figure relating to a unit which includes a plurality of parts, the CAD figure containing at least a figure of the unit and first character strings. The information database stores an attribute of at least a second character string relating to each of the plurality of parts. The figure controller extracts a third character string from the first character strings, the third character string corresponding to the attribute of the second character string. The part table database stores a parts list for managing the parts used for the unit. The part table controller registers the third character strings on the parts list.

Abstract: An electrically powered pump includes a pump arrangement that pumps a liquid, and an electric motor arrangement that has a stator and a rotor that are installed on a passage through which the liquid pumped by the pump arrangement flows. At least one of the stator and the rotor has a winding wire that generates a magnetic field when it is energized to rotate the rotor with respect to the stator to drive the pump arrangement. The winding wire has a conductive body through which an electric current passes and an insulation body that insulates the conductive body. The conductive body is made of a material predominantly composed of carbon. Thereby, the liquid pumped by a pump arrangement is prevented from corroding the winding wire.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve has a valve guide, a valve member movable in a center opening of the valve guide along an axial direction of the valve guide, and a covering layer disposed on a surface of the valve guide. The valve guide has a valve seat placed on an inner surface thereof and a nozzle hole from which fuel is injected. The valve member is seated on the valve seat to close the nozzle hole and leaves the valve seat to open the nozzle hole. The covering layer is placed around an outlet opening of the nozzle hole. The covering layer is made of boron nitride in a hexagonal crystal system so as to have a hydrophilic property higher than that of the surface of the valve guide.

Abstract: An injector includes a valve body, a needle valve, and a thermal expansion member. The valve body includes an internal space and a bottom portion having a nozzle hole. One end side of the space is covered with the bottom portion. The needle valve is accommodated in the space such that a fuel passage leading to the hole is formed between an inner surface of the valve body and an outer surface of the needle valve. The passage is opened or closed with respect to the hole by movement of the needle valve, so fuel injection is started or stopped. The inner surface of the bottom portion is opposed to a one end surface of the needle valve. The member is attached on the one end surface. The member is made of a material having a larger coefficient of thermal expansion than a material of the needle valve.

Abstract: An injector includes a nozzle hole formation part having a nozzle_hole formation area and nozzle holes in at least one circle shape in the formation area. The formation area is divided into central and peripheral regions by a predetermined circle, the former inward from the predetermined circle and the latter in the periphery of the central region. The nozzle holes include outputting nozzle holes in the peripheral region and at least one cooling nozzle hole in the central region. Fuel through the outputting nozzle holes contributes to engine output. A smaller amount of fuel than a fuel amount through the outputting nozzle hole is injected through the cooling nozzle hole to cool the central region. A ratio of a second total fuel amount through the cooling nozzle hole to an overall total fuel amount ranges from 0.05 to 0.37.

Abstract: The present invention provides an active control type noise reducing device that is disposed at a sound barrier and with which can be obtained an excellent noise reduction effect with respect to moving sound sources. Linear array of flat loudspeakers are arranged in ascending order from an incoming side of automobiles towards an outgoing side. Delay times of 0, ?, 2?, . . . , 8? are respectively given in the arrangement order to the linear array of flat loudspeakers. By delaying signals in correspondence to the arrangement order, the wavefront of a control sound can be slanted in a diagonal direction. Namely, “line sound sources”, where sound sources are linearly arranged, arc pseudo-realized.

Abstract: An antifreezing urea solution is disclosed which is supplied from a urea solution tank to an adding value to be injected to an SCR catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine. The antifreezing urea solution includes a mixed solution composed of a concentrated urea solution with a urea concentration of 30 wt % or more, and an organic solvent of an alcohol family with 1 to 7 carbon atoms having a hydrophilic group, wherein the urea solution and the organic solvent of the alcohol family are mixed at a mixture ratio of 7:1 respectively (in a volume ratio) or more, providing a freezing point of ?30° C. or less.