Abstract: An image-reading apparatus includes a light dividing unit that divides irradiated light so that a part of the light having a first wavelength is diffracted, and a part of the light having a second wavelength is transmitted; a first light measuring unit that measures an intensity of light entering into a first measuring area, and outputs first measurement information indicating the measured intensity; a second light measuring unit that measures an intensity of light entering into a second measuring area, and outputs second measurement information indicating the measured intensity; an image-forming unit that forms an image of a subject for reading in the first measurement area, and that forms a virtual image in the second measurement area using light diffracted by the light dividing unit; and a generation unit that corrects the first measurement information on the basis of the second measurement information.

Abstract: An image reading device comprises: a light source; a first optical element that focuses light emitted from the light source, the emitted light being reflected by a medium in a first detection area; a first detector that outputs first detection information in response to arrival of light in the first detection area; a second optical element that guides to a second detection area a portion of the light emitted from the light source, which portion does not arrive at the reflective medium in the first detection area; a second detector that outputs second detection information responsive to detection of light at the second detection area; and a generator that generates image data of the medium by revising the first detection information on the basis of the second detection information.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing a manufacturing method for an optical sheet capable of manufacturing a thin optical sheet of a uniform thickness distribution with a high thickness accuracy, and high shaping/transferring performances, and an optical sheet manufactured by using the manufacturing method. A manufacturing method for an optical sheet according to the present invention includes passing a resin discharged from a die between a touch roll and a shaping roll under pressure.

Abstract: An image-reading apparatus includes: a light dividing unit that divides irradiated light so that a part of the light having a first wavelength is diffracted, and a part of the light having a second wavelength is transmitted; a first light measuring unit that measures an intensity of light entering into a first measuring area, and outputs first measurement information indicating the measured intensity; a second light measuring unit that measures an intensity of light entering into a second measuring area, and outputs second measurement information indicating the measured intensity; an image-forming unit that forms an image of a subject for reading in the first measurement area, and that forms a virtual image in the second measurement area, using light diffracted by the light dividing unit; and a generation unit that corrects the first measurement information on the basis of the second measurement information.

Abstract: An image reading device comprises: a light source; a first optical element that focuses light emitted from the light source, the emitted light being reflected by a medium in a first detection area; a first detector that outputs first detection information in response to arrival of light in the first detection area; a second optical element that guides to a second detection area a portion of the light emitted from the light source, which portion does not arrive at the reflective medium in the first detection area; a second detector that outputs second detection information responsive to detection of light at the second detection area; and a generator that generates image data of the medium by revising the first detection information on the basis of the second detection information.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing a manufacturing method for an optical sheet capable of manufacturing a thin optical sheet of a uniform thickness distribution with a high thickness accuracy, and high shaping/transferring performances, and an optical sheet manufactured by using the manufacturing method. A manufacturing method for an optical sheet according to the present invention includes passing a resin discharged from a die between a touch roll and a shaping roll under pressure.

Abstract: An optical recording medium, an optical recording and reproducing method, and an apparatus that can record and reproduce multilevel information at a high density and with a high S/N ratio. Recording light emitted from a light source is collimated by a collimation lens and introduced into a polarization rotary device. Recording light transmitted by the polarization rotary device is focused by an objective lens onto an optical recording medium. In response, a photo-induced birefringence is recorded on the optical recording medium. Multilevel recording is performed by controlling a voltage applied to the polarization rotary device to change a polarization angle ? of recording light. Reproduction is performed by detecting light reflected from the optical recording medium with an analyzer and a detector.

Abstract: An optical filtering apparatus and method, wherein at least one polarizer is located in the path of radiation passing through a birefringent medium. The invention can be used to process complementary bands of spatial frequency spectra. The invention can be practiced using a polarizing beam splitter. The invention can also be practiced using an optical storage layer forming part of the birefringent medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical recording method, optical recording apparatus, optical reading method, and optical reading apparatus which are capable of high density recording an d high speed recording, and high speed reading. In recording, a recording light comprising a plurality of polarization distributions corresponding to the data information; is generated, and irradiated onto an optical recording medium to thereby record a plurality of polarization distributions of the recording light on the optical recording medium as photo-induced birefringence. In reading, a reading light having a uniform polarization distribution is irradiated onto the recording medium in which the data information has been recorded previously, and the polarization distribution of the transmitted light or reflected light in the optical recording medium is read as the polarization distribution of the reproducing light.

Abstract: An optical head which implements high recording density of a recording medium and which is miniaturized in size and improved in data transfer rate, a disk apparatus, and a method for manufacturing the optical head are provided. A laser beam is emitted from a semiconductor laser, the laser beam is collimated by the collimator lens to a collimated beam and reflected by a mirror, condensed by an condense lens, and incident to an incident surface of a transparent condensing medium. The condensed beam which was incident to the incident surface is refracted by the incident surface, the refracted beam is condensed on a condense surface, a beam spot is formed on the condense surface, and a near field wave leaks from a small aperture. The near field wave leaked from the small aperture propagates in a recording layer of a recording. The beam is served for recording/reproduction on the recording layer.

Abstract: Binary two-dimensional digital data can be recorded in an optical recording medium as holograms in such a way that a recording area is made sufficiently minute correspondingly to the two-dimensional digital data by adequately limiting the spread of signal light and reference light without causing loss of the data and a read error during reconstructing. Signal light of a binary two-dimensional digital data image is subjected to Fourier transform by a lens. There is disposed forwardly of an optical recording medium a shading material having a circular, semicircular, sectorial, or L-shape light transmission part 21 that allows transmission of only components of 0th to n-th (n=1, 2, or 3) orders. The signal light after Fourier transform and reference light are transmitted through the light transmission part 21 for irradiation to the optical recording medium and a Fourier transform hologram is recorded in the optical recording medium.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus capable of filtering based on desired spatial frequency characteristics without loss of Fourier spectrum frequency components, and of matched filtering of high recognition capability without losing functions of data recording and reconstruction as well as high-speed transmission and retrieval features and mass storage capacity characteristic of a holographic memory. Fourier transformed object light with 0° polarization of a target image is stored as a hologram using reference light having a spatial polarization distribution such that a daughter wavelet on scale m has 90° polarization. The hologram is retrieved using the Fourier transformed object light with 0° polarization. The hologram yields diffracted light in the form of a spatial frequency component which corresponds to scale m and is polarized 90° with respect to the other spatial frequency components. A polarizing element is used to extract only the spatial frequency component corresponding to scale m.

Abstract: A small-sized optical head and optical disk apparatus capable of high-density recording at a high data transfer rate. A collimated light beam is incident on a first surface of a transparent condensing medium. The light beam incident on the first surface is reflected by a reflective structure, such as a metallic film or a hologram, formed on the outside of a second surface of the transparent condensing medium. The reflected light forms a beam spot on a third surface of the transparent condensing medium. Light condensed at the beam spot is emitted as near field light, and propagates to a recording medium for optical recording or reproduction.

Abstract: An optical head which implements high recording density of a recording medium and which is miniaturized in size and improved in data transfer rate, a disk apparatus, and a method for manufacturing the optical head are provided. A laser beam is emitted from a semiconductor laser, the laser beam is collimated by the collimator lens to a collimated beam and reflected by a mirror, condensed by an condense lens, and incident to an incident surface of a transparent condensing medium. The condensed beam which was incident to the incident surface is refracted by the incident surface, the refracted beam is condensed on a condense surface, a beam spot is formed on the condense surface, and a near field wave leaks from a small aperture. The near field wave leaked from the small aperture propagates in a recording layer of a recording. The beam is served for recording/reproduction on the recording layer.

Abstract: A thin-film resistor comprising a mixture of rhodium (Rh) oxide as a resistive material, and at least one element M selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), zirconium (Zr), barium (Ba), aluminium (Al), boron (B), tin (Sn), and titanium (Ti), wherein M/Rh, or the ratio of the number of element M atoms to that of rhodium (Rh) atoms is in the range of 0.3 to 3.0. Thin-film resistor is formed from the process of preparing a solution of an organometallic material, coating the material on a substrate, drying and then firing the material at a peak temperature not less than 500.degree. C.

Abstract: A resistor comprises iridium and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of silicon, bismuth, lead, tin, aluminum, boron, titanium, zirconium, calcium and barium. A process for producing the resistor comprises the steps of coating a solution of an iridium containing organometallic material onto a substrate and subsequently firing the coated solution. The resistor is used as a heating resistor of a thermal head.

Abstract: A resistor film formed by applying onto a substrate a homogeneous mixture solution of metal organic compounds including metals selected from the element group of silicon (Si), bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), zirconium (Zr), calcium (Ca), tin (Sn), boron (B), titanium (Ti), barium (Ba), and the like, and a metal selected from the group of iridium (Ir) and ruthenium (Ru) and burning the homogeneous mixture solution. The homogeneous mixture solution is burned at a temperature of 700.degree. C. or more in an atmosphere of oxygen.

Abstract: A method for producing a resistor is disclosed, comprising coating a metal organic compound solution containing a ruthenium complex and at least one complex of an element selected from the group consisting of silicon, barium, bismuth and lead on a substrate and then firing it. This resistor is a uniform thin-film resistor and is suitable for use as a resistor to be used in hybrid ICs and various electronic devices.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes an ultrasonic transducer disposed at the distal end portion of an endoscope. The ultrasonic wave transmission/reception time of the ultrasonic transducer is measured by a time counter. The measured time from the time counter and the velocity of propagation of ultrasonic wave are operated on by a calculator to calculate the distance between the distal end portion and a subject. The distance and the view angle of an observation optical system are operated on by a calculator, the ratio between the size of an image in the field of view of the observation optical system and the size of the subject is calculated, and the scale of a scale display panel disposed inside the field of view of the optical system is indicated in accordance with such ratio. The graduations of the scale are variable as a function of said calculated ratio.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyolefin, which comprises polymerizing an olefin in the presence of a catalyst system comprising:(a) a solid catalyst component obtained by supporting a titanium compound and/or a vanadium compound on a solid product derived from the reaction of a phenol, an aromatic carboxylate ester, and a solid reaction product of an organomagnesium compound and an aryloxyaluminum compound represented by the general formula Al(OR.sup.1).sub.3, wherein R.sup.1 represents an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms; and(b) an organoaluminum compound.