Abstract: Disclosed is a circuit substrate and a semiconductor device to which the circuit substrate is applied. The circuit substrate has an insulating layer and an electrically conductive layer. The insulating layer is composed of a sintered aluminum nitride composition containing: aluminum nitride; a first component given by a compound containing an element which is selected from the group consisting of group IIa elements and group IIIa elements of the periodic table; a second component given by either a simple boron or a boron compound; and a third component give by either a simple manganese or a manganese compound. The electrically conductive layer contains: a conductive component given by a metal or an electrically conductive compound for exhibiting electric conductivity; aluminum nitride; the first component; the second component; and the third component.

Abstract: A focusing lens for adjusting the dioptric power in accordance with the user's dioptric power is provided in each of right and left lens barrels. When a main switch dial is set at a normal position, a microcomputer sets the focusing lens at a dioptric power of 0 by controlling a motor so that the focusing lens moves to a position corresponding to a dioptric power of 0.

Abstract: An outer lead having a plurality of external leads 1 for electrically connecting the semiconductor IC of a semiconductor IC package to external devices comprises a base plate 11, a plated base structure formed over the surface of the base plate 11 and consisting of a plurality of plated base layers 12, 13 and 14 of Ni or a Ni alloy, and a surface layer 15 of Au or an Au alloy formed over the uppermost plated base layer 14 of the plated base structure. The number of the plated base layers is at least three. Each plated base layer 12, 13 and 14 of the plated base structure is subjected to crystal-growth annealing after being formed by plating to crystal-grow the grains thereof. A method of fabricating such an outer lead is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing an integrated circuit package, wherein portions of the package are electroplated by getting a direct electrical connection with each of lead pins joined to a package substrate. The electrical connection is obtained by force-fitting each of the lead pins in corresponding one of openings formed in a plating jig made of an electrically conductive material for thereby bringing a side surface of each of the lead pins in contact with the jig. The portions of the package are electroplated under the condition where each of the lead pins is held in conduction. After the electroplating, each of the lead pins is separated from the jig through movement in the direction differing from an axial direction of each of the lead pins. Various jigs used for carrying out the above method are also disclosed.

Abstract: In a telescope, the adjustment order is limited so that dioptric power adjustment is made after adjustment of a distance between a pair of optical systems is completed. A pupil distance and a dioptric power correction amount are stored in a memory for every user. When a user uses the telescope, his or her pupil distance and dioptric power correction amount are read out from the memory to automatically make adjustment.

Abstract: A process for producing 5-vinyl-2-norbornene which comprises the steps of subjecting a liquid raw material in which tetrahydroindene/dicyclopentadiene ratio (by weight) falls within the range of from 5/100 to 80/100 to a thermal decomposition in liquid phase in the presence of an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent having a boiling point of from 250.degree. C. to 300.degree. C. at a reaction temperature of not lower than 200.degree. C. and lower than 240.degree. C.

Abstract: A catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas comprises a carrier and a coated layer applied onto the surface of the carrier which comprises an aluminum oxide, a cerium oxide, a zirconium oxide, a nickel oxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide and a noble metal catalytic component. The catalyst can be prepared according to a method which comprises the steps of coating the surface of a carrier with a slurry which comprises active alumina, a cerium compound, a zirconium compound and a nickel compound, drying the coated carrier and then calcining it to complete the carrier, then impregnating the carrier with a solution comprising a catalyst component of a noble metal, drying, then immersing it in a solution of an alkaline earth metal compound, drying the immersed carrier and then calcining the carrier. The catalyst for exhaust gas-cleanup is highly sensitive to HC and CO around the theoretical mixing ratio and within the rich-region and is excellent in durability.

Abstract: A semiconductor package comprises an aluminum nitride substrate having a semiconductor element mounted thereon, a lead frame junctioned to the side of the aluminum nitride substrate directly contacting the mounted semiconductor element, and a ceramic sealing member junctioned to the aluminum nitride substrate so as to seal the semiconductor element. The lead frame has a coating layer of a nonmagnetic metallic material formed in a thickness of not more than 20 .mu.m on only one of the opposite surfaces of a lead frame matrix made of a ferromagnetic metal to which a bonding wire is to be junctioned. The layer of the nonmagnetic metallic material is formed by any of such thin film forming technique as the vacuum deposition technique, the spattering technique, and the plating technique. The coating layer formed on only one of the opposite surfaces of the lead frame matrix is capable of amply curbing the resistance and the dependency of inductance on frequency.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing an integrated circuit package, wherein portions of The package are electroplated by getting a direct electrical connection with each of lead pins joined to a package substrate. The electrical connection is obtained by force-fitting each of the lead pins in corresponding one of openings formed in a plating jig made of an electrically conductive material for thereby bringing a side surface of each of the lead pins in contact with the jig. The portions of the package are electroplated under the condition where each of the lead pins is held in conduction. After the electroplating, each of the lead pins is separated from the jig through movement in the direction differing from an axial direction of each of the lead pins. Various jigs used for carrying out the above method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A data bus control circuit is formed on a single semiconductor integrated circuit that includes input/output terminals for external data exchange and a plurality of functional blocks including a CPU. A bi-directional bus buffer buffers data sent over a data bus between the CPU and the input/output terminals. The signal propagation direction of the bus buffer is determined according to a logic level of a read control signal supplied from the CPU.

Abstract: In a distortion compensating circuit, an initial value sufficient to provide a distortion compensating effect is previously set in a memory storage for storing distortion compensating data, whereby the convergence time of the distortion compensating effect is shortened.

Abstract: An alkyl-substituted hydrocarbon is prepared by alkylating an aromatic hydrocarbon having at least one hydrogen atom at an alpha-position in a side chain with an olefin in the presence of a solid base which is obtainable by heating an alumina, an alkali metal hydroxide and an alkali metal or an alumina containing at least 1.3% by weight of water and an alkali metal in an inert gas atmosphere at a specific temperature as a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for purifying and recovering phenol present in a mixed solution containing phenol and one or more compounds capable of forming azeotropic mixtures with phenol wherein an additive which is at least one compound belonging to the following groups 1 to 5 is added to the mixed solution and the resulting mixture is distilled:group 1: dialkylene glycols having 2-10 carbon atoms, polyalkylene glycols having 2-10 carbon atoms, and the ethers thereof,group 2: alkanediols having 2-20 carbon atoms,group 3: ethanolamine-type compounds represented by the formula (1) shown below,group 4: lactam compounds represented by the formula (2) shown below,group 5: quinoline, sulfolane, and N,N-dimethylimidazolidinone, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, a monohydroxyalkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, m represents an integer of 1-4, and X represents a hydroxyl group, an amino group or a hydrogen atom provided that R.sub.

Abstract: sec-Butylbenzene hydroperoxide obtained by oxidizing sec-butylbenzene is decomposed into phenol and methyl ethyl ketone, a resulting liquid comprising a methyl ethyl ketone as the main component is washed with an aqueous alkali solution to remove carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters, unsaturated ketones, and aldehydes, and the washed liquid is further subjected to neutralization, dehydration, and distillation.A methyl ethyl ketone can be obtained which has a high quality with regard to purity and potassium permanganate fading.

Abstract: A camera having an auto zoom function includes: a taking lens for photographing an object; a distance measuring device for measuring a distance to the object; a magnification setting device for setting a photographing magnification for the object; and a focal length calculator for calculating a focal length of the taking lens to obtain the photographing magnification set with respect to the distance to the object. Auto zoom operation is carried out by automatic movement of the taking lens so that the focal length of the taking lens may be equal to the calculated focal length.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a gas dispersing device to be employed in a fluidized bed preliminary reducing furnace. The gas dispersing device is constructed of a plurality of rotatable round bars arranged in multiple stages so as to form a grate. The gas dispersing device includes a rotating mechanism for rotating each bar.According to the present invention, deformation of the bars due to a temperature change thereof can be avoided to thereby extend a life of the dispersing device. Furthermore, blinding of the dispersing device can be prevented to thereby effectuate a stable operation of a fluidized bed. Accordingly, productivity in the fluidized bed reducing furnace is improved, and labor saving is realized.

Abstract: A binocular comprising a housing and a pair of first and second optical systems positioned on each side of a central line. Each optical system includes an object lens and ocular lens arranged at a front part and at a rear part of the housing respectively. Further, a light admitting window is placed on the central line between the first and second optical systems for admitting light from an object. A detection module, provided independently of the first and second optical systems is used to output electrical signals which represent the distance to the object. The detection module may include an optical path deflecting means for z-shapely deflecting the light from the light admitting window and for directing the light to a sensor. The binocular is compact and has a hand grip that is designed in order to be holdable and focusable by the use of a single hand.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reducing furnace for an oxide raw material is provided with at least two reductive gas supply ports for supplying a reductive gas into the furnace. With this construction, the fine or granular raw material and the reductive gas supplied are sufficiently dispersed and mixed with each other in the furnace to thereby improve a reduction rate and an yield of the raw material. It is preferable to provide at least two raw material supply ports for supplying the raw material into the furnace.

Abstract: An alkyl-substituted hydrocarbon is prepared by alkylating an aromatic hydrocarbon having at least one hydrogen atom at an alpha-position in a side chain with an olefin in the presence of a solid base which is obtainable by heating an alumina, an alkali metal hydroxide and an alkali metal or an alumina containing at least 1.3% by weight of water and an alkali metal in an inert gas atmosphere at a specific temperature as a catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a focal length changeable lens system which comprises a master lens group of a positive refractive power having at least one negative lens element made of a synthetic resin material; and a rear conversion lens group of a negative refractive power retractably arranged on the image side of the master lens group and having at least one positive lens element made of a synthetic resin material, in order to well compensate the change of back focal length of the lens system due to the change in temperature thereof without increasing the cost of the lens system.