Abstract: In an engine starter of the present invention, a driving shaft to output a rotating force and a crankshaft of an engine are linked continuously. The engine starter comprises a one-way clutch to prevent an overrun of an armature after the engine starts. In the one-way clutch, a connecting rotation number in which an inner ring and an outer ring change from a disconnected state to a connected state in a decreasing process of engine revolutions is set above a lower limit of the engine revolutions above which the engine under suspension of the fuel supply is able to get restarted by itself by resuming of fuel supply. Therefore, the engine is always able to get restarted quickly even in a low-rotation range.

Abstract: A method of calibrating sensitivities of a plurality of pressure sensing cells are disposed at a passenger seat to detect presence of a vehicle passenger. The method is comprised of the following steps: pressing a presser against the passenger seat; detecting output signal levels of the sensing cells; and adjusting sensitivity of the pressure sensing cells according to the output signal levels while the presser is pressed against the seat.

Abstract: In an engine starter of the present invention, a driving shaft to output a rotating force and a crankshaft of an engine are linked continuously. The engine starter comprises a one-way clutch to prevent an overrun of an armature after the engine starts. In the one-way clutch, a connecting rotation number in which an inner ring and an outer ring change from a disconnected state to a connected state in a decreasing process of engine revolutions is set above a lower limit of the engine revolutions above which the engine under suspension of the fuel supply is able to get restarted by itself by resuming of fuel supply. Therefore, the engine is always able to get restarted quickly even in a low-rotation range.

Abstract: The present invention to provides a drum brake that generates the same braking force when a vehicle moves forward and backward. A first lever is connected to a second lever by a strut. A fourth lever provided with an anchor member and a third lever for connecting the fourth lever and the first lever to the end of the fourth lever) opposite to the anchor member across a screw which is the center of swing of the fourth lever. Accordingly, when the vehicle moves forward, an anchor load is received by the anchor member and the second lever. When the vehicle moves backward, the anchor load is received by the anchor member and the first lever.

Abstract: A hydraulic booster is provided between a M/C pressure and a W/C pressure. The hydraulic booster is composed of a pump and an amplifying piston amplifying the brake fluid amount discharged from the pump. The brake fluid discharged from the amplifying piston is supplied to the W/C via a first pipeline. The brake fluid discharged from the pump is supplied directly to the W/C via a second pipeline. First and a second control valves select the first or the second pipeline as a pressurizing path to the wheel cylinder.

Abstract: When a passenger distinguishment system is produced, after a seat cover is attached to a seat cushion while applying a tension to the seat cover, a conditioning operation is performed to lessen an adverse effect of the tension with respect to sensitivities of plural sensor cells that are disposed between the sensor cushion and the seat cover. The conditioning operation can disperse the tension of the seat cover, so that the sensor cells can detect loads applied to the seat accurately.

Abstract: A method of calibrating sensitivities of a plurality of pressure sensing cells are disposed at a passenger seat to detect presence of a vehicle passenger.

Abstract: The present invention to provides a drum brake that generates the same braking force when a vehicle moves forward and backward. A first lever is connected to a second lever by a strut. A fourth lever provided with an anchor member and a third lever for connecting the fourth lever and the first lever to the end of the fourth lever) opposite to the anchor member across a screw which is the center of swing of the fourth lever. Accordingly, when the vehicle moves forward, an anchor load is received by the anchor member and the second lever. When the vehicle moves backward, the anchor load is received by the anchor member and the first lever.

Abstract: A detector detects a rotational speed of a rotating object. The detector includes a closed magnetic circuit having a magnet therein, and detects the rotational speed according to a magnetic flux alteration in the closed magnetic circuit. The detector comprises a cylindrical rotor switch, which rotates together with the rotating object, and a fixed sensor device having a magnet, an electromagnetic coil and claws constituting a magnetic switch. At least two magnetic switches are provided in the closed magnetic circuit in order to increase the flux alteration in the circuit and thereby to enhance a detection accuracy.

Abstract: A projection exposure apparatus including a projection optical system for projecting a pattern formed in a reticle onto a photosensitive substrate, and an alignment system for positioning the reticle and the photosensitive substrate with respect to each other by observing a reticle mark alignment formed on the reticle and a substrate alignment mark formed on the photosensitive substrate; wherein the alignment system comprises an imaging section having an imaging surface tilted with respect to an optical axis of the alignment system and with respect to a direction orthogonal to a measuring direction for each of the alignment marks, the imaging section having respective best focus positions for the alignment marks at different positions on the imaging surface; and wherein the alignment marks are simultaneously detected at the respective best focus positions so as to position the reticle and the photosensitive substrate with respect to each other.

Abstract: An opening is defined in an upper portion of a side surface of an instrument panel, such that it is opposed to an air bag module mounted in front of a passenger's seat within the instrument panel. A tray is removably locked in the opening by a locking device. If the tray is removed from the opening, the air bag module is exposed and thus, it is possible for an operator to easily carry out the maintenance operation and the removal of the air bag module in a comfortable position without bending his body.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument includes a pitch designation device for designating a pitch of a musical tone, and an operation device for setting an operation state of the electronic musical instrument and outputting operation data according to the operation state. When a pitch of a musical tone to be produced is designated, and operation data is outputted, musical tone parameters are read out from storage in accordance with the designated pitch and the operation data. The musical tone parameters include musical tone parameters directly corresponding to the designated pitch, and musical tone parameters for resonance tones. The musical tones are generated according to these readout musical tone parameters. The electronic musical instrument can obtain a resonance effect, a change in tone color, and the like, which are approximate to those of an acoustic instrument.

Abstract: A musical tone signal generating apparatus provides at least a waveform memory which stores a plurality of fundamental waveform data based on three-dimensional coordinate address system having three coordinate axes to which respective musical tone control parameters are assigned respectively. The desirable fundamental waveform data is read out at an address corresponding to a coordinate position determined by selecting desirable musical tone control parameters. Then, an interpolation operation is carried out on the fundamental waveform data which are sequentially read out so that an interpolated musical tone waveform signal is formed. The waveform of the interpolated musical tone waveform signal is similar to and intermediate to the waveforms of the fundamental waveform data to be synthesized. Thus, the interpolated musical tone waveform signal is converted into a musical tone signal, by which corresponding musical tone is to be sounded.

Abstract: A musical tone signal generating apparatus is provided for an keyboard electronic musical instrument. This apparatus provides a waveform memory capable of storing musical tone waveform data concerning plural musical tone waveforms each having a different cycle such as a different tone color. The musical tone waveform data can include plural sampling data concerning the musical tone waveform which is picked up by a microphone, for example. Each musical tone waveform is divided into several segments each designated by front (or head) and end addresses. By shifting designation timings of addresses between the front and end addresses of the predetermined segment, two series of musical tone waveform data can be obtained based on the musical tone waveform of the same predetermined segment from the waveform memory.

Abstract: Address memories storing address data, individually, for respective parameter determining factors (e.g., tone color kind, tone pitch, key touch or other factors) are provided for the respective parameter determining factors. Address data stored in at least one of these address memories is read out in accordance with a combination of the parameter determining factor corresponding to the address memory and data corresponding to at least another parameter determining factor. In other words, plural address memories corresponding to parameter determining factors (designated as first parameter determining factors) are provided with an address memory corresponding to another parameter determining factor (designated as a second parameter determining factor). One address memory is designated by data corresponding to a first parameter determining factor and address data is read out from this address memory in correspondence to the second parameter determining factor.

Abstract: In storing digital tone waveshape data in a waveshape memory, sampled tone waveshape data is stored in the memory by previously elevating the level of frequency components in a predetermined high frequency region. This predetermined high frequency region corresponds to a frequency region to which quantization noise components belong. The tone waveshape data stored in the waveshape memory in this manner has the signal level of the component of the region including the quantization noise components reinforced as compared with the original tone waveshape. The tone waveshape data read out from the waveshape memory is applied to a filter of a characteristic which restrains the level of the component in the predetermined high frequency region. The level of the quantization noise components belonging to the predetermined high frequency region contained in the tone waveshape data thereby is restrained.

Abstract: An electromagnetic directional control valve for changing over flow paths of fluid comprises a plunger disposed in a case and being capable of moving from a neutral position in one axial direction by a first solenoid and in the other axial direction by a second solenoid to participate in the changeover of the flow paths. First and second stoppers bearing against the plunger are moved together with the plunger respectively in one axial direction and the other axial direction. First and second springs bias the first and second stopper respectively in the direction of abutting against the plunger. The plunger is stopped at the first neutral position held by the first and second springs, at a second position to which the plunger is moved in one axial direction by the first solenoid against the first spring and a third position to which the plunger is moved in the other axial direction by the second solenoid against the second spring.

Abstract: A rotary position control device is provided with a three-rotary position controlling mechanism. The control device includes a disk member having a toothed portion on its circumferential part, to which an output shaft is secured in order to drive a driven source coupled to the output shaft. The disk member further has a circumferentially spaced slot having a recessed portion provided halfway between the both ends, the both ends and the recessed portion functioning as first, second and third stopper portions which receive a rod member disposed in the slot. The disk member stops its rotation when the rod member engages the both ends of the slot of the disk and also when the rod member engages the recessed portion, this third stop position of the disk member being achieved only when the electromagnetic solenoid is energized, thus causing the required relative movement between the output shaft and the driven source coupled to the output shaft.

Abstract: A solenoid-operated valve for selecting one of two pressure sources has a stationary core which comprises a cylindrical magnetic body which is energized by an excitation current of selected direction and which is housed in a cylindrical valve housing. First and second magnet chambers communicating with first and second pressure sources at two ends of the stationary core are defined in the portions of the housing which oppose first and second pole faces. First and second permanent magnets which are magnetized to the poles opposite to those of the first and second pole faces are respectively housed in the first and second magnet chambers. A first valve member is formed integrally with the first permanent magnet and closes a vent hole communicating with the first pressure source when the first permanent magnet is repelled from the first pole face.

Abstract: An electronic sound generation system wherein an input signal is frequency modulated, and the modulated signal passes through a series of cascaded shift registers. Amplifiers are provided for compensation of insertion loss in each shift register stage, and a frequency modulation detector is utilized to produce the time-delayed output echo signal.