Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for measuring photoluminescence, which can measure the inside of crystal such as silicon. A lifetime of fluorescence-generating carrier may be evaluated in a mathematical technique without using an expensive pulse laser source. Also, an incident beam wavelength dependency and a polarization dependency of fluorescence may be evaluated by a simple method. A laser having a wavelength which can go into a crystal is projected into an object crystal, fluorescence in generated light inside the crystal is separated through a filter having a frequency band for transmission of fluorescence. An intensity and a spread of fluorescence are obtained as a function of depth from a surface of the crystal to evaluate the lifetime of luminescent center in a mathematical manner. The projection light wavelength dependency of fluorescence may be evaluated by rotating a narrow-band filter, and a polarization dependency by suitably inserting a polarizing filter into an optical patch.

Abstract: An apparatus for inspecting the surface of a sheet-like object has a movable stage with an object mounted thereon; a source for lighting the object on the stage, particularly by making a plurality of illumination lights respectively having different wavelengths incident on the surface of the object from respective predetermined directions; image pickup device for fetching the image of the object under illumination of the light as image data or the images of parts of the object as image data obtained on the respective different wavelengths; image data processing device for inspecting the image data for defects; and a device for synchronizing control either for flashing the light at a predetermined time interval just after the stage commences its movement, synchronously with fetching the image data or for flashing the light and simultaneously fetching the image data obtained on the respective different wavelengths, synchronously with the object on the stage reaching respective predetermined positions while movi

Abstract: A method for measuring internal defects of a specimen, comprising the steps of allowing a finely focused laser beam to be incident into a specimen from its surface and observing the scattered light of the said laser beam from inside the said specimen from the surface of the specimen and in a different direction to the optical axis of incidence of the laser beam.

Abstract: An atomic absorption spectrophotometer includes a sample-atomizing portion for ashing and atomizing a sample, a power source operable to supply electric current to the sample-atomizing portion, a controller for controlling the operation of the power source, a pair of pressure regulators for setting a flow rate of an inert gas according to an ashing step and an atomization step in the sample-atomizing portion, a pair of movable valves respectively provided downstream of and connected to the pair of pressure regulators, and a filter device provided between the pair of movable valves and the sample-atomizing portion. Either of the pair of movable valves is activated into open or closed condition in synchronism with the operation of the power source so as to select the flow rate of the inert gas into the sample-atomizing portion.

Abstract: A Zeeman atomic spectrophotometer comprising a sample heating means for atomizing a sample, a means for applying a magnetic flux to the atomized sample and a ceramic film coated on at least tips of pole pieces which are disposed facing the heated sample. As the tips of the pole pieces are coated with a ceramic film, the measuring accuracy of the Zeeman atomic absorption spectrophotometer becomes high and stable over a very long term.

Abstract: Disclosed is a quantitative evaluation method of optical absorption image which applies rays of light to a sample to obtain a quantitative optical absorption image without using destructive inspection and which can measure automatically and easily the dispersion of resistivity of the sample by calculating the mean value and standard deviation of the quantitative optical absorption image.

Abstract: A chrysoberyl solid laser host which comprises a chrysoberyl matrix doped with trivalent titanium ions for luminescence is described. This host ensures a lasing operation over a wide wavelength range and is highly producible and high in quality.

Abstract: An apparatus for atomizing a sample comprises a cuvette of heating material into which a sample is introduced, a pair of electrodes of supplying an electric current to the cuvette, thereby heating and atomizing the sample, supports of supporting the pair of the electrodes, a means for supplying light to the atomized sample and a means of slidably maintaining at least one of the pair of the electrodes against the cuvette in a predetermined range of contact pressures, where the heating temperature of the cuvette can be maintained constant with improved reproducibility of analytical values.

Abstract: A cuvette used in a flameless atomizer is hollow and includes an opening at both ends and a hole in a radial direction substantially at its central portion. The cuvette is made of a conductive material and Joule-heated by currents flowing therethrough. The interior of the cuvette is divided substantially into three sections: a sample mount section at which a sample introduced through the hole of the cuvette is disposed; a light beam path section through which light incident from the opening at one end of the cuvette passes and goes out of the opening at the other end; and an absorption cell section at which the light beam path section intersects with atomic vapors generated from the sample disposed at the sample mount section. The electric resistance of the cuvette is made smaller at the sample mount section than at a portion near the absorption cell section. This allows the higher temperature of the portions near the absorption cell section than that of the sample mount section.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pneumatic molten metal sampler for pneumatically obtaining a sample of metal which includes an elongated fill tube which is secured to the side of a paperboard sleeve by refractory cement and projects beyond the end of the paperboard sleeve for immersion in a molten melt. A bend on the fill tube discharges into the sample cavity intermediate the ends of the cavity. A vent construction at the end of the cartridge affords communication with a vacuum pump but prevents loss of metal from the sample cavity.

Abstract: A grinding machine provided with an apparatus for changing a feed rate of a grinding wheel relative to a workpiece just before the grinding wheel comes into contact with the workpiece. An electrode device is mounted adjacent to the grinding wheel and connected to an electric power source for applying a potential to the surface of the grinding wheel. A detecting device detects a difference of potential between the grinding wheel and the workpiece to generate an output voltage. A memory device memorizes the output voltage detected when the grinding wheel is distant from the workpiece. A setting device reduces the memorized output voltage at a predetermined rate to provide a reference voltage corresponding to a predetermined gap between the grinding wheel and the workpiece. A comparator circuit compares the output voltage with the reference voltage to generate a feed rate changing signal when the output voltage attains the reference voltage.