Abstract: A control apparatus for an engine and an automatic transmission controls a starting timing, a terminating timing, or methods of torque reduction of the engine during gear shifts. Using stored information such as a turbine speed signal, a gear shift signal, a degree to which a throttle valve is opened, a vehicle speed, an engine speed and so on, the control apparatus calculates an appropriate torque reduction which is performed by either retarding ignition timing or cutting fuel supplied to fuel injection valves. According to one embodiment of the invention, by detecting a variation ratio or differential value of turbine speed, a period of the torque reduction is started, ended, and kept within a proper timing. According to another embodiment of the invention, based on a "chasing" state of an input torque of the transmission against the variation of engine load, the timing of torque reduction is changed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a data cartridge having a cartridge case (1) capable of containing either of two kinds of magnetic tapes differing from each other in width. The data cartridge is provided with a pair of guide rollers (8) for guiding a driving belt ((9) for driving a magnetic tape (5). Each guide roller (8) has a crowned working surface (8a) having a maximum portion having a maximum diameter. The maximum portion is dislocated from a position corresponding to the middle between the opposite ends of the guide roller (8) toward one of the opposite ends by a specific distance. Each guide roller (8) is set in a position in which the maximum portion is below the position corresponding to the middle between the opposite ends when the data cartridge is provided with a first magnetic tape (1/4 in.

Abstract: A valve operating mechanism which opens and closes a passage communicating to a cavity by contraction and restoration of a packing, with little mechanical movable parts for the opening/closing operation.

Abstract: An automatic transmission includes a multi-speed transmission gear mechanism having an input shaft, an output shaft and a plurality of friction coupling elements. A hydraulic control system selectively supplies a hydraulic pressure to the friction coupling elements, thereby selectively applying the friction coupling elements to cause the transmission gear mechanism to shift to a speed which is determined according to a predetermined shift pattern. The control system sets a target hydraulic pressure to be applied to the friction coupling elements according to the kind of the shift to be effected and the engine load, and, when it is detected that the transmission gear mechanism is to make a backout upshift due to reduction in the engine load, increases the target hydraulic pressure by an amount which is determined according to the throttle opening and the turbine speed.

Abstract: A tape cartridge having a housing structure. The housing structure includes a base plate and a cover having an open-ended box shape and secured to the base plate. The cover includes a top wall, a front wall and a side wall which extend substantially perpendicular to each other to define a corner portion of the cover. A notch is formed at the corner portion of the cover to be thereby prevented from failing to be detected.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an engine and an automatic transmission controls a starting timing, a terminating timing, or methods of torque reduction of the engine during gear shifts. Using stored information such as a turbine speed signal, a gear shift signal, a degree to which a throttle valve is opened, a vehicle speed, an engine speed and so on, the control apparatus calculates an appropriate torque reduction which is performed by either retarding ignition timing or cutting fuel supplied to fuel injection valves. According to one embodiment of the invention, by detecting a variation ratio or differential value of turbine speed, a period of the torque reduction is started, ended, and kept within a proper timing. According to another embodiment of the invention, based on a "chasing" state of an input torque of the transmission against the variation of engine load, the timing of torque reduction is changed.

Abstract: A tape cassette comprises a supply and a take-up reel on which tape is wound, a cassette casing for rotatably enclosing the reels therein, a plurality of tape guide pins, each being press-fitted through the inner wall of the casing, for defining a tape path for the tape travelling between the pair of reels. The press-fit section of each guide pin is formed in a predetermined taper in such a manner as to gradually decrease its outer diameter towards its end. The straight press-fit section of the guide pin is formed in such a manner as to include a predetermined geometry of chamfered circumference at its end. In a tape guide pin used in conjunction with a tape guide roller, grease having a predetermined viscosity coefficient is disposed between the associated pin and roller. An electrical insulating cover is provided for surrounding the exposed underside of the electrically conductive lower half of the casing.

Abstract: A control system controls an automatic transmission so that it holds a higher gear for a certain period and then shifts into a specific lower gear suitable for starting a vehicle when the automatic transmission is changed into a forward drive range from a non-forward drive range. When an on-shift input speed, detected at a shift of the automatic transmission into a forward drive range, is higher than a predetermined critical speed (TR1), the control system forces the automatic transmission to hold the high gear as long as the transmission input speed increases while the automatic transmission is in the forward range. The control system further forcibly shifts the automatic transmission into the specific gear when an input speed is higher than a predetermined limit speed.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an automatic transmission has a control unit which, when a selector lever is shifted from a forward drive gear range to a reverse gear range when the vehicle speed is not lower than a first predetermined speed, prevents the gear stage from being changed to that corresponding to the reverse gear range until the vehicle speed has fallen to a speed not greater than a second predetermined speed lower than the first predetermined speed. The control unit allows the gear stage to be changed to that corresponding to the reverse gear range if the selector lever is shifted to the reverse gear range when the vehicle speed is lower than the first predetermined speed. This control apparatus, therefore, ensures that the gear stage can be changed to that corresponding to the reverse gear range only when the driver intentionally shifts the selector lever from one of the forward drive gear ranges to the reverse gear range.

Abstract: A tape cassette comprises a supply and a take-up reel on which tape is wound, a cassette casing for rotatably enclosing the reels therein, a plurality of tape guide pins, each being press-fitted through the inner wall of the casing, for defining a tape path for the tape travelling between the pair of reels. The press-fit section of each guide pin is formed in a predetermined taper in such a manner as to gradually decrease its outer diameter towards its end. The straight press-fit section of the guide pin is formed in such a manner as to include a predetermined geometry of chamfered circumference at its end. In a tape guide pin used in conjunction with a tape guide roller, grease having a predetermined viscosity coefficient is disposed between the associated pin and roller. An electrical insulating cover is provided for surrounding the exposed underside of the electrically conductive lower half of the casing.

Abstract: A transmission control system for an automatic transmission for a vehicle causes the automatic transmission to shift according to one of an economy mode shift pattern and a power mode shift pattern. The control system switches the shift pattern from the economy mode shift pattern to the power mode shift pattern when the engine load or the rate of change of the engine load becomes not smaller than a predetermined reference value. The predetermined reference value is changed according to the acceleration of the vehicle body.

Abstract: A tape cassette comprises a supply and a take-up reel on which tape is wound, a cassette casing for rotatably enclosing the reels therein, a plurality of tape guide pins, each being press-fitted through the inner wall of the casing, for defining a tape path for the tape travelling between the pair of reels. The press-fit section of each guide pin is formed in a predetermined taper in such a manner as to gradually decrease its outer diameter towards its end. The straight press-fit section of the guide pin is formed in such a manner as to include a predetermined geometry of chamfered circumference at its end. In a tape guide pin used in conjunction with a tape guide roller, grease having a predetermined viscosity coefficient is disposed between the associated pin and roller. An electrical insulating cover is provided for surrounding the exposed underside of the electrically conductive lower half of the casing.

Abstract: A shift characteristic of an automatic transmission is altered in accordance with a load of an engine and a change rate the load of the engine. The shift characteristic may have a power mode and an economy mode, and the shift characteristic is switched between the power mode and the economy mode when the load of the engine becomes a predetermined reference value. When the load of the engine becomes equal to or larger than the reference value, the economy mode is shifted to the power mode. The reference value is changed in accordance with a change rate of the load of the engine, and the reference value becomes smaller as the change rate becomes larger. This construction allows the shift characteristic of the automatic transmission to be altered so as to be appropriate for the requirment by the operation for acceleration.

Abstract: The timer circuit according to this invention has a first circuit block to which a source voltage is applied at all times and which includes a memory circuit which is set when an input signal is applied thereto. The timer circuit also has a reference voltage circuit which outputs a reference voltage when the memory circuit is set and which ceases to output the reference voltage when the memory circuit is reset, an oscillation circuit which outputs a train of pulse signals in a predetermined cycle, and a counter which begins to count the train of pulse signals after the reference voltage is outputted. The timer circuit further includes a second circuit block which includes a signal processing circuit which outputs a timer signal while the counter is counting. A reference voltage is supplied from the reference voltage circuit to the components of the second circuit block while the memory circuit remains set and the memory circuit is reset in response to a time-out signal from the counter.

Abstract: A packaging machine for forming a web of packaging material into a vertical tube, filling contents into the tube, dividing the tube into lengths each corresponding to one container and forming each length into a baglike container. The machine comprises a filling device for filling a liquid into the tube to a specified level with the lower end of the tube closed, and a cleaning device for cleaning a required portion of the filling device. The filling device has a vertical filling pipe to be covered with the tube. The cleaning device has a vertical tubular jacket having a top wall and covering the upper portion of the filling pipe, a bottomed tubular cleaner removably connectable to the jacket for covering the lower portion of the filling pipe, and a cleaning liquid collecting duct removably connectable to the jacket. A cleaning liquid is supplied to the filling pipe with the duct connected to the jacket to clean the pipe and is thereafter collected through the duct.

Abstract: In a flexible magnetic disc comprised of a circular flexible magnetic sheet, an elongated metal spring plate having a main portion and support portions at respective ends of the main portion, and a hub structure secured to the flexible magnetic sheet at the center thereof and having an opening extending axially therethrough; the hub structure has a pair of positioning surfaces at locations spaced apart from each other about a central axis of the opening, and a pair of seats for receiving the support portions of the elongated metal spring plate so as to mount the elongated metal spring plate on the hub structure with the main portion of the elongated metal spring plate positioned in opposing relationship to the pair of positioning surfaces, and a portion of the spring plate contiguous with, and extending along a lower edge of the main portion of the metal spring plate is bent away from the central axis of the opening.

Abstract: A paper container filling a liquid content which comprises an upper air gap formed therein for sealing solely carbon dioxide or nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide. Thus, a recess is produced on the paper container by utilizing a small pressure reduction in the container generated as a result of carbon dioxide dissolved in the liquid content, and the recess is used as a criterion of deciding the presence of gas substitution, presence of pinhole of the container and the propriety of sealing of the container only by the recess. This container can be fully inspected by the naked eye. Further, a method of filling gas and apparatus for filling the gas in a paper container formed of a synthetic resin layer of aluminum foil or polyethylene mainly with paper by eliminating the abovementioned disadvantages and performing gas substitution merely by adding a simple unit on a filling machine, thereby holding taste, odor and nutrient components of the container contents for 4 or longer months.

Abstract: A fuel heating device comprises an electroconductive inner tube which forms a passageway for fuel to be heated. A heater having a positive coefficient of resistance (PTC) is fixed to the side of the outside surface of this electroconductive inner tube, a resilient electrode contacts this heater from the side of its outside surface, and a first electrically and thermally insulating outer tube is provided around the entire periphery of the aforementioned electroconductive inner tube to cover the aforesaid heater completely for holding the electrode compressed to the heater. A second electrically and thermally insulating outer tube is provided around the entire periphery of the first tube, said second tube including means for mounting the device for use.

Abstract: A paper container filling a liquid content which comprises an upper air gap formed therein for sealing solely carbon dioxide or nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide. Thus, a recess is produced on the paper container by utilizing a small pressure reduction in the container generated as a result of carbon dioxide dissolved in the liquid content, and the recess is used as a criterion of deciding the presence of gas substitution, presence of pinhole of the container and the propriety of sealing of the container only by the recess. This container can be fully inspected by the naked eye. Further, a method of filling gas and apparatus for filling the gas in a composite paper container including aluminum foil or polyethylene by eliminating the abovementioned disadvantages and performing gas substitution merely by adding a simple unit on a filling machine, thereby holding taste, odor and nutrient components of the container contents for 4 or longer months.

Abstract: As opening/closing device to be provided at a mouth of a container such as a paper container, a bottle, a can, etc., in which a lid is provided via a hinge on the inside of a cylindrical pouring mouth made of synthetic resin and a gap space is formed between the pouring mouth and the lid. A metallic film consisting of a metal foil having synthetic resin layers coated on its both surfaces is bonded so as to straddle both the upper surface of the lid and the upper surface of the pouring mouth. Opening of the lid is effected by peeling of the metallic film, and upon closing the lid, the metallic film is pressed from its outer surface so that it may be stuffed in the gap space between the lid and the pouring mouth. Upon making the opening/closing device, an annular protrusion is formed on the top end surface of the pouring mouth, the metallic film is bonded to this annular protrusion and the lid so that the metallic film may be easily peeled off.