Abstract: Provided is a member for electrophotography that enables stable formation of a high-quality electrophotographic image even when used as a developing member over a long period of time. The member for electrophotography includes: a support; an electro-conductive elastic layer on the support; and a plurality of electrically insulating domains on the electro-conductive elastic layer, in which a surface of the member for electrophotography includes surfaces of the electrically insulating domains and an exposed portion of the electro-conductive elastic layer free of being covered by the electrically insulating domains, and in which the electrically insulating domains each contain a resin having a specific structure.

Abstract: A laser beam (L50) is reflected by a light beam scanning device (60) and irradiated onto a hologram recording medium (45). On the hologram recording medium (45), an image (35) of a linear scatter body is recorded as a hologram by using reference light that converges on a scanning origin (B). The light beam scanning device (60) bends the laser beam (L50) at the scanning origin (B) and irradiates the laser beam onto the hologram recording medium (45). At this time, by changing a bending mode of the laser beam with time, an irradiation position of the bent laser beam (L60) on the hologram recording medium (45) is changed with time. Diffracted light (L45) from the hologram recording medium (45) produces a reproduction image (35) of the linear scatter body on a light receiving surface (R) of the stage 210.

Abstract: A developing member includes a conductive substrate, a conductive elastic layer on the conductive substrate, and a plurality of insulating domains on the conductive elastic layer, wherein the surface of the developing member includes the surfaces of the insulating domains and an exposed portion of the conductive elastic layer not covered with the insulating domains. The conductive elastic layer contains a resin and an anion, wherein the resin has a specific cationic structure synthesized from an ion conductive agent composed of a cation including at least one reactive functional group and an anion and a compound that can react to the ion conductive agent.

Abstract: There is provided a screen capable of sufficiently reducing speckles. A screen for displaying an image by being irradiated with a light beam from a projector, is provided with a plurality of particles each including a first part and a second part different in dielectric constant, a particle layer having the plurality of particles, and electrodes which form an electric field for driving the particles of the particle layer by applying a voltage to the particle layer.

Abstract: The developing apparatus includes: a developing roller rotatable in a first rotation direction; and a developer regulating member, wherein the developing roller includes: a substrate; an electro-conductive elastic layer on the substrate; and insulating domains on the electro-conductive elastic layer, wherein the electro-conductive elastic layer has a certain Martens hardness, the developing roller has a surface including surfaces of the insulating domains and a surface of the electro-conductive elastic layer, which is uncovered with the insulating domains at a certain area ratio, wherein the developer regulating member comprises: an abutting portion which is in contact with the surface of the developing roller, and a certain projection portion extending to an upstream side from the abutting portion in the first rotation direction, the developing apparatus has a certain gap between a side of the projection portion facing to the developing roller, and the surface of the developing roller.

Abstract: An illumination device includes an optical element including a hologram recording medium capable of diffusing a coherent light beam, the hologram recording medium comprising a plurality of regions, each region diffusing a coherent light beam to an illuminated region corresponding to that region, and an irradiation device configured to irradiate the optical element with the coherent light beam so as to allow the coherent light beam to scan the hologram recording medium. The coherent light beam incident to a position existing in each region of the hologram recording medium is diffused to an entire region of the illuminated region corresponding to the region in order to illuminate the entire region of the illuminated region.

Abstract: It is directed to providing a developing roller capable of forming a high-quality electrophotographic image. The developing roller includes a substrate, an electro-conductive elastic layer on the substrate, and a plurality of electrical insulating domains on the electro-conductive elastic layer. The developing roller has a length L of 200 mm or more in a longitudinal direction orthogonal to the circumferential direction thereof. The surface of the developing roller includes the surfaces of the domains and an exposed portion of the electro-conductive elastic layer, the exposed portion being uncovered with the domains. The developing roller has protrusions on the surface thereof, the protrusion being formed by the domains. The electro-conductive elastic layer has a plurality of protrusions at the exposed portion. The developing roller has an Asker C hardness of 50 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less.

Abstract: A laser beam (L50) generated by a laser light source (50) is reflected by a light beam scanning device (60) and irradiated onto a hologram recording medium (45). On the hologram recording medium (45), an image (35) of a scatter plate is recorded as a hologram by using reference light that converges on a scanning origin (B). The light beam scanning device (60) bends the laser beam (L50) at the scanning origin (3) and irradiates the laser beam onto the hologram recording medium (45). At this time, scanning is carried out by changing a bending mode of the laser beam with time so that an irradiation position of the bent laser beam (L60) on the hologram recording medium (45) changes with time. Regardless of an irradiation position of the beam, diffracted light (L45) from the hologram recording medium (45) produces a reproduction image (35) of the scatter is plate on the spatial light modulator (200).

Abstract: The developing apparatus includes: a developing roller rotatable in a first rotation direction; and a developer regulating member, wherein the developing roller includes: a substrate; an electro-conductive elastic layer on the substrate; and insulating domains on the electro-conductive elastic layer, wherein the electro-conductive elastic layer has a certain Martens hardness, the developing roller has a surface including surfaces of the insulating domains and a surface of the electro-conductive elastic layer, which is uncovered with the insulating domains at a certain area ratio, wherein the developer regulating member comprises: an abutting portion which is in contact with the surface of the developing roller, and a certain projection portion extending to an upstream side from the abutting portion in the first rotation direction, the developing apparatus has a certain gap between a side of the projection portion facing to the developing roller, and the surface of the developing roller.

Abstract: An illumination device includes an optical element including a hologram recording medium capable of diffusing a coherent light beam, the hologram recording medium comprising a plurality of regions, each region diffusing a coherent light beam to an illuminated region corresponding to that region, and an irradiation device configured to irradiate the optical element with the coherent light beam so as to allow the coherent light beam to scan the hologram recording medium. The coherent light beam incident to a position existing in each region of the hologram recording medium is diffused to an entire region of the illuminated region corresponding to the region in order to illuminate the entire region of the illuminated region.

Abstract: A laser beam (L50) generated by a laser light source (50) is reflected by a light beam scanning device (60) and irradiated onto a hologram recording medium (45). On the hologram recording medium (45), an image (35) of a scatter plate is recorded as a hologram by using reference light that converges on a scanning origin (B). The light beam scanning device (60) bends the laser beam (L50) at the scanning origin (B) and irradiates the laser beam onto the hologram recording medium (45). At this time, scanning is carried out by changing a bending mode of the laser beam with time so that an irradiation position of the bent laser beam (L60) on the hologram recording medium (45) changes with time. Regardless of an irradiation position of the beam, diffracted light (L45) from the hologram recording medium (45) produces a reproduction image (35) of the scatter plate on the spatial light modulator (200).

Abstract: An illumination device has a coherent light source that emits coherent light beam, and an optical device that diffuses the coherent light beam, wherein the optical device comprises a first diffusion region that diffuses the coherent light beam to illuminate a first area, and a second diffusion region that diffuses the coherent light beam to display predetermined information in a second area.

Abstract: It is directed to providing a developing roller capable of forming a high-quality electrophotographic image. The developing roller includes a substrate, an electro-conductive elastic layer on the substrate, and a plurality of electrical insulating domains on the electro-conductive elastic layer. The developing roller has a length L of 200 mm or more in a longitudinal direction orthogonal to the circumferential direction thereof. The surface of the developing roller includes the surfaces of the domains and an exposed portion of the electro-conductive elastic layer, the exposed portion being uncovered with the domains. The developing roller has protrusions on the surface thereof, the protrusion being formed by the domains. The electro-conductive elastic layer has a plurality of protrusions at the exposed portion. The developing roller has an Asker C hardness of 50 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less.

Abstract: A developing member includes a conductive substrate, a conductive elastic layer on the conductive substrate, and a plurality of insulating domains on the conductive elastic layer, wherein the surface of the developing member includes the surfaces of the insulating domains and an exposed portion of the conductive elastic layer not covered with the insulating domains. The conductive elastic layer contains a resin and an anion, wherein the resin has a specific cationic structure synthesized from an ion conductive agent composed of a cation including at least one reactive functional group and an anion and a compound that can react to the ion conductive agent.

Abstract: An illumination device includes an irradiation device, a diffusing element, a first lens array, a second lens array and a deflecting element, which are arranged in this order along the light path. Diffused light that has entered a particular region on the diffusing element and has been diffused by the diffusing element, and diffused light that has entered a region, which differs from the particular region, on the diffusing element and has been diffused by the diffusing element, travel to regions which at least partly overlap each other. The diffusion angle of diffused light exiting the diffusing element is not more than the acceptable angle formed between two line segments LS extending from the principal point of a second unit lens of the second lens array to both ends of a first unit lens of the first lens array.

Abstract: Provided is a member for electrophotography that enables stable formation of a high-quality electrophotographic image even when used as a developing member over a long period of time. The member for electrophotography includes: a support; an electro-conductive elastic layer on the support; and a plurality of electrically insulating domains on the electro-conductive elastic layer, in which a surface of the member for electrophotography includes surfaces of the electrically insulating domains and an exposed portion of the electro-conductive elastic layer free of being covered by the electrically insulating domains, and in which the electrically insulating domains each contain a resin having a specific structure.

Abstract: An illumination device has an optical device and an irradiation unit. The irradiation unit has a light source emitting a coherent light beam, and a scanning device capable of adjusting a reflection angle of the coherent light beam emitted from the light source. The light source has light sources emitting a plurality of coherent light beams having an identical wavelength range, the hologram recording medium has a recording area to be scanned with each of a plurality of coherent light beams reflected by the scanning device, and the recording area has an interference fringe that diffracts an incident coherent light beam. The optical device uses the plurality of coherent light beams diffracted by the interference fringe of the recording area so that each of the coherent light beams diffracted by the hologram recording medium is superimposed on at least one portion to reproduce the image of the reference member.

Abstract: Provided are a projection device and a projection-type video display device capable of displaying a plurality of videos, allowing speckles to be inconspicuous, and miniaturizing an optical system. A projection device includes an optical element including light diffusion elements capable of diffusing light, an irradiation device configured to irradiate the optical element with illumination light beams, each illumination light beam scanning the corresponding light diffusion element, spatial light modulators, each spatial light modulator being illuminated with illumination light beam which is incident from the irradiation device to each light diffusion element to be diffused, and projection optical systems, each projection optical system projecting modulation image obtained on each spatial light modulator on corresponding screen. The illumination light beam, which is incident to each position of each light diffusion element to be diffused, overlappedly illuminates on corresponding spatial light modulator.

Abstract: Provided is a member for electrophotography that can achieve both an improvement in toner-conveying force under high temperature and high humidity, and excellent charge-providing performance for a toner, at high levels. The member for electrophotography includes a substrate, an electro-conductive elastic layer on the substrate, and a plurality of electrically insulating domains formed in a partial region on the electro-conductive elastic layer. The electro-conductive elastic layer has a Martens hardness of 0.10 N/mm2 or more and 3.00 N/mm2 or less. In the surface of the member for electrophotography, the exposure ratio of the electro-conductive elastic layer per the area of a square 300 ?m on a side is 50% to 90%, and the average of the areas of the portions of the respective plurality of electrically insulating domains to be brought into contact with the electro-conductive elastic layer is 300 ?m2 or more and 10,000 ?m2 or less.

Abstract: An illumination device has an optical device and an irradiation unit. The irradiation unit has a light source emitting a coherent light beam, and a scanning device capable of adjusting a reflection angle of the coherent light beam emitted from the light source. The light source has light sources emitting a plurality of coherent light beams having an identical wavelength range, the hologram recording medium has a recording area to be scanned with each of a plurality of coherent light beams reflected by the scanning device, and the recording area has an interference fringe that diffracts an incident coherent light beam. The optical device uses the plurality of coherent light beams diffracted by the interference fringe of the recording area so that each of the coherent light beams diffracted by the hologram recording medium is superimposed on at least one portion to reproduce the image of the reference member.