Abstract: An image forming apparatus has an envelope including as constituent elements first and second substrates spaced by some distance an electron source and an image forming member for forming an image upon irradiation of electrons from the electron source, the electron source and the image forming member being disposed in the envelope and a spacer for maintaining the distance between the first and second substrates, wherein the spacer is conductive and has a heat resistant organic polymer film formed on the surface of the spacer or the spacer is constituted of an insulating base member, a conductive film formed on the insulating base member, and a heat resistant organic polymer film formed on the conductive film.

Abstract: This invention provides an image-forming apparatus manufacturing method capable of simplifying the electron-emitting device forming process and manufacturing a low-cost image-forming apparatus exhibiting high display quality for a long term. A plurality of electrode pairs each formed from electrodes are formed on a first substrate. Polymer films for connecting the electrodes are arranged. Then, the polymer films are irradiated with a laser beam or particle beam to reduce the resistances at least partially and change the polymer films into conductive films containing carbon as a main component. A current is flowed between the electrodes to form gaps in parts of the conductive films. The first substrate, and the second substrate on which an image-forming member is arranged are joined via bonding in a reduced-pressure atmosphere, constituting an image-forming apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing an electron-emitting device, comprising a step for forming a polymer film between a pair of electrodes formed on a substrate, a step for giving conductivity to the polymer film by heating, and a step for providing potential difference between the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: A digital contents distribution system that generates first execution verify logic, second execution verify logic and execution verify logic conversion software. The first execution verify logic and second execution verify logic each carry out the verification and execution control of contents, and the first execution verify logic is linked with the contents at first. The execution verify logic conversion software includes execution verify logic converter for replacing the first execution verify logic with the second execution verify logic to relink the latter with the contents. A user terminal is provided with the contents liked with the first execution verify logic, and the execution verify logic conversion software.

Abstract: A sodium-containing glass substrate has a modified surface on which an electroconductive film is to be formed. The modified surface is constituted of a layer of which sodium concentration is lower than the bulk body of the glass substrate, preferably with a sodium content ratio to all the metal elements of not greater than 2 atomic percent. The modified surface may contain a reduced amount of sulfur as compared to the bulk body of the glass substrate.

Abstract: A multi-agent cooperating system and method which is capable of being applied to a plurality of users with a simple composition and of performing efficient processing. The system comprises an agent group composed of a plurality of agents for providing services to the user, a user definition storing section for storing personal information such as user preferences for the options when requesting a service, and a user agent for converting the request from the user into an appropriate form with reference to the contents in the user definition storing section and transmitting them to the agent group, or transmitting the value of the attributes of the user with reference to the user definition storing section when user characteristics are requested from the agent group. The user agents are coupled to the agent group corresponding to each user.

Abstract: A multi-agent cooperating system and method which is capable of being applied to a plurality of users with a simple composition and of performing efficient processing. The system comprises an agent group composed of a plurality of agents for providing services to the user, a user definition storing section for storing personal information such as user preferences for the options when requesting a service, and a user agent for converting the request from the user into an appropriate form with reference to the contents in the user definition storing section and transmitting them to the agent group, or transmitting the value of the attributes of the user with reference to the user definition storing section when user characteristics are requested from the agent group. The user agents are coupled to the agent group corresponding to each user.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device includes a pair of electrodes and an electroconductive film arranged between the electrodes and including an electron-emitting region carrying a graphite film. The graphite film shows, in a Raman spectroscopic analysis using a laser light source with a wavelength of 514.5 nm and a spot diameter of 1 &mgr;m, peaks of scattered light, of which 1) a peak (P2) located in the vicinity of 1,580 cm−1 is greater than a peak (P1) located in the vicinity of 1,335 cm−1 or 2) the half-width of a peak (P1) located in the vicinity of 1,335 cm−1 is not greater than 150 cm−1.

Abstract: In a process for the production of an electrode for cell, a three-dimensional porous metal substrate is filled with an active material filler containing an active material. Then, heat and ultrasonic vibration is applied in order to denature or deform the active material filler to the substrate at a predetermined point where a collector leading portion is formed to remove the active material filler.

Abstract: A sodium-containing glass substrate has a modified surface on which an electroconductive film is to be formed. The modified surface is constituted of a layer of which sodium concentration is lower than the bulk body of the glass substrate, preferably with a sodium content ratio to all the metal elements of not greater than 2 atomic percent. The modified surface may contain a reduced amount of sulfur as compared to the bulk body of the glass substrate.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device comprises a pair of electrodes and an electroconductive film arranged between the electrodes and including an electron-emitting region carrying a graphite film. The graphite film shows, in a Raman spectroscopic analysis using a laser light source with a wavelength of 514.5 nm and a spot diameter of 1&mgr;m, peaks of scattered light, of which 1) a peak (P2) located in the vicinity of 1,580 cm−1 is greater than a peak (P1) located in the vicinity of 1,335 cm−1 or 2) the half-width of a peak (P1) located in the vicinity of 1,335 cm−1 is not greater than 150 cm−1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fiber of an organic, inorganic or metallic material or a simple substance wherein ultrafines of an inorganic or metallic material or a simple substance having an average particle diameter of 0.005-1 .mu.m are uniformly dispersed and deposited on 8-90% of the surface in a single layer. The fiber is produced by exposing a fiber of an organic, inorganic or metallic material or a simple substance to a gaseous stream forming ultrafines of an inorganic or metallic material or a simple substance by a vapor phase process, thereby contacting said ultrafines in the gaseous stream with said fiber in a state wherein the ultrafines are still active. The treated fiber is useful as a reinforcing material for a fiber reinforced composite.

Abstract: A parallel transistor circuit 10 with non-volatile function is provided on a single semiconductor body, comprising an enhancement-type MOS transistor 1 having a drain electrode 25a connected to a drain node 25c, a gate electrode 37a connected to a gate node 37c, and a source electrode 23a connected to a source node 23c; and a floating gate-type MOS transistor 3 having a drain electrode 25b connected to the drain node, a floating gate 33, a control gate electrode 37b connected to the gate node, and a source electrode 23b connected to the source node.