Abstract: A multilayer coating film includes a lustrous layer containing a luster material and a colored layer containing a reddish coloring agent, and having translucency. Regarding a Y value of an XYZ colorimetric system calibrated with a standard white plate, when a light incident angle is 45°, Y(5°) represents a Y value of reflected light measured at a light receiving angle of 5°, and Y(15°) represents a Y value of reflected light measured at a light receiving angle of 15°, the lustrous layer satisfies the following: Y(5°) is 30 or more to 700 or less; Y(15°)=k×Y(5°) (where k is a coefficient); and k is 0.01 or more to 0.3 or less. The concentration of the reddish coloring agent in the colored layer is 1 mass % or more to 17 mass % or less.

Abstract: A multilayer coating film includes a lustrous layer containing a luster material, and a colored layer stacked on the lustrous layer, containing a reddish coloring agent, and having translucency. For the lustrous layer, when a light incident angle (an angle with respect to a line perpendicular to the surface of the lustrous layer) is 45° and L*(?) represents the L* value of the lightness index of reflected light measured at a light receiving angle (the angle of inclination toward a light source side from a specular reflection direction) ?, L*(?) at 45°???80° and 100°???110° is 10 or less, and when the luster material is projected onto the bottom surface of the lustrous layer, the percentage of the projected area of the luster material on the bottom surface is 3% or more to 70% or less per unit area.

Abstract: A multilayer coating film includes a lustrous layer containing a luster material and a blackish coloring agent, and a colored layer containing a reddish coloring agent, and having translucency. A slope of a tangent of a spectrum of a spectral transmittance, defined as an absolute value, of the colored layer at the wavelength of 620 nm is 0.02 nm?1 or more and 0.06 nm?1 or less, the spectral transmittance being obtainable by dividing a spectral reflectance measured for the colored layer stacked on the lustrous layer at the light receiving angle of 15° in the case of the light incident angle of 45°, by a spectral reflectance measured for the lustrous layer from which the colored layer is removed and a surface of which is therefore exposed, at the light receiving angle of 15° in the case of the light incident angle of 45°.

Abstract: A method for forming a multilayer coating film comprising the steps of: (1) applying a base paint (X) to a substrate to form a base coating film, (2) applying an effect pigment dispersion (Y) to the base coating film formed in step (1) to form an effect coating film, (3) applying a clear paint (Z) to the effect coating film formed in step (2) to form a clear coating film, and (4) heating the uncured base coating film, the uncured effect coating film, and the uncured clear coating film formed in steps (1) to (3) to thereby simultaneously cure these three coating films; wherein the effect pigment dispersion (Y) contains water, a black pigment (A), a vapor deposition metal flake pigment (B), and a rheology control agent (C).

Abstract: Provided is a method for forming a multilayer coating film including the following steps (1) to (4): (1) applying a base paint (X) to a substrate to form a base coating film; (2) applying a specific effect pigment dispersion (Y) to the base coating film formed in step (1) to form an effect coating film with a specific dry film thickness; (3) applying a clear paint (Z) to the effect coating film formed in step (2) to form a clear coating film; and (4) heating the uncured base coating film, the uncured effect coating film, and the uncured clear coating film formed in steps (1) to (3) to simultaneously cure these three coating films.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus including: an image sensor unit; and a camera unit from which the image sensor unit is detachable, in which the image sensor unit includes at least an image sensor and a first storage unit in which first correction data are stored, the camera unit includes at least a control unit, and the control unit performs an update determination process for determining whether or not the first correction data stored in the first storage unit have been updated.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus including: an image sensor unit; and a camera unit from which the image sensor unit is detachable, in which the image sensor unit includes at least an image sensor and a first storage unit in which first correction data are stored, the camera unit includes at least a control unit, and the control unit performs an update determination process for determining whether or not the first correction data stored in the first storage unit have been updated.

Abstract: FF properties of a multilayer coating film configured to exhibit a warm color through a lustrous layer (14) and a translucent colored layer (15) are improved to achieve a metallic textured color having a high-quality color tone. The lustrous layer (14) is configured such that Y(10°) is 50 or more and 950 or less and that Y(25°) is 0.05 or more and 0.35 or less times the Y(10°), where Y(10°) represents a Y value, of an XYZ color system, of reflected light measured at a light receiving angle of 10° and Y(25°) represents a Y value of the reflected light measured at the light receiving angle of 25° in a case where a light incident angle is 45°. A concentration C of a warm color pigment of the colored layer (15) is 1% by mass or more and 17% by mass or less.

Abstract: FF properties of a multilayer coating film configured to exhibit a red color through a lustrous layer (14) and a translucent colored layer (15) are improved to achieve a metallic textured color having a high-quality color tone. The lustrous layer (14) is configured such that Y(10°) is 50 or more and 950 or less and that Y(25°) is 0.05 or more and 0.35 or less times the Y(10°), where Y(10°) represents a Y value, of an XYZ color system, of reflected light measured at a light receiving angle of 10° and Y(25°) represents a Y value of the reflected light measured at the light receiving angle of 25° in a case where a light incident angle is 45°. An inclination of a tangent to the spectrum of the spectral transmittance of the colored layer (15) at the wavelength of 620 nm is 0.012 nm?1 or more and 0.03 nm?1 or less, defined as an absolute value.

Abstract: A multilayer coating film includes a colored base layer 14 formed directly or indirectly on a surface of a coating target 11, and a luster material-containing layer 15 layered on the colored base layer 14 and containing flaked luster materials 22 and a colorant 23. With respect to the luster material-containing layer 15 in a state without the colorant, Y(10°) of the XYZ color system is set to be 50 or more and 850 or less, and Y(20°) is set to be equal to k×Y(10°), where k is in a range of 0.2?k?0.6 and is determined according to the Y(10°). The colorant concentration C of the luster material-containing layer is determined according to k. The surface reflectance R(%) of the colored base layer is determined according to the colorant concentration C of the luster material-containing layer and the Y(10°).

Abstract: FF properties of a multilayer coating film configured to exhibit a warm color through a lustrous layer (14) and a translucent colored layer (15) are improved to achieve a metallic textured color having a high-quality color tone. The lustrous layer (14) contains, in a mixed state, a high-reflection flake (21) having a visible light reflectance of 90 % or more and a low-reflection flake (22) having a visible light reflectance that is half (i.e., ½) or smaller than the visible light reflectance of the high-reflection flake (21) as the luster material. When both of the high-reflection flake (21) and the low-reflection flake (22) are projected on a bottom of the lustrous layer (14), a ratio of a projected area of the flakes (21) and (22) on the bottom of the lustrous layer (14) is 100 %.

Abstract: FF properties of a multilayer coating film configured to exhibit a red color through a lustrous layer (14) and a translucent colored layer (15) are improved to achieve a metallic textured color having a high-quality color tone. The lustrous layer (14) is configured such that Y(10°) is 50 or more and 950 or less and that Y(25°) is 0.05 or more and 0.35 or less times the Y(10°), where Y(10°) represents a Y value, of an XYZ color system, of reflected light measured at a light receiving angle of 10° and Y(25°) represents a Y value of the reflected light measured at the light receiving angle of 25° in a case where a light incident angle is 45°. An inclination of a tangent to the spectrum of the spectral transmittance of the colored layer (15) at the wavelength of 620 nm is 0.012 nm?1 or more and 0.03 nm?1 or less, defined as an absolute value.

Abstract: FF properties of a multilayer coating film configured to exhibit a warm color through a lustrous layer (14) and a translucent colored layer (15) are improved to achieve a metallic textured color having a high-quality color tone. The lustrous layer (14) contains, in a mixed state, a high-reflection flake (21) having a visible light reflectance of 90% or more and a low-reflection flake (22) having a visible light reflectance that is half (i.e., ½) or smaller than the visible light reflectance of the high-reflection flake (21) as the luster material. When both of the high-reflection flake (21) and the low-reflection flake (22) are projected on a bottom of the lustrous layer (14), a ratio of a projected area of the flakes (21) and (22) on the bottom of the lustrous layer (14) is 100%.

Abstract: An multi-layer coating film 12 includes: a luster coat 15 containing a luster material; a color coat 16 applied on the luster coat 15, containing a pigment 21, and having translucency; and a coloring flake 22 included in the luster coat 15 and acting as the luster material to color a surface of a luster flake with a coloring material in the same type of color as a color type of the color coat 16.

Abstract: The multilayer coating film 12 includes a lower coating film 14 and an upper coating film 15. The lightness L* value of the coating film 14 is 30 or less. The coating film 15 contains aluminum flakes 22. The aluminum flakes 22 each have a surface roughness Ra of 30 nm or less and having a thickness of 70 to 150 nm. With respect to the aluminum flakes contained in the coating film 14, 70% by mass or more thereof has a major axis length of 7 to 15 ?m and an aspect ratio of 3 or less. When all the aluminum flakes 22 contained in the coating film 15 are projected on a surface of the coating film 15, a projected area occupancy, which is an area occupancy of the projections of the aluminum flakes 22 on the surface of the coating film 15, is 40 to 90%.

Abstract: FF properties of a multilayer coating film configured to exhibit a warm color through a lustrous layer (14) and a translucent colored layer (15) are improved to achieve a metallic textured color having a high-quality color tone. The lustrous layer (14) is configured such that Y(10°) is 50 or more and 950 or less and that Y(25°) is 0.05 or more and 0.35 or less times the Y(10°), where Y(10°) represents a Y value, of an XYZ color system, of reflected light measured at a light receiving angle of 10° and Y(25°) represents a Y value of the reflected light measured at the light receiving angle of 25° in a case where a light incident angle is 45°. A concentration C of a warm color pigment of the colored layer (15) is 1% by mass or more and 17% by mass or less.

Abstract: A metallic base coating film 15 is stacked on a colored base coating film 14 provided on a surface of an article to be coated. While the colored base coating film 14 alone is formed on the surface of the article to be coated, a light reflectance at light receiving angles of 15° and 45° is measured to be 2% or below in a wavelength ranging from 450 nm to 700 nm inclusive. On the metallic base coating film 15 alone, the light reflectance measured at the light receiving angle of 15° ranges from 20% to 50% inclusive in the wavelength ranging from 450 nm to 700 nm inclusive, and the light reflectance measured at the light receiving angle of 45° is 2.5% or below in the wavelength ranging from 450 nm to 700 nm inclusive.

Abstract: The flip-flop properties and the metallic impression are enhanced in a metallic coating. The coating includes a colored base layer formed directly or indirectly on a surface of a coating target, and a bright material-containing layer layered on the colored base layer and containing flaked bright materials and a colorant. The thickness of the bright material-containing layer is 1.5 ?m or more and 6 ?m or less. When all the bright materials present in the bright material-containing layer are projected on a surface of the bright material-containing layer, an area occupancy of projections of the bright materials with respect to the surface of the bright material-containing layer is 30% or more and 90% or less.

Abstract: The flip-flop properties and the metallic impression are enhanced in a metallic coating. The coating includes a colored base layer formed directly or indirectly on a surface of a coating target, and a bright material-containing layer containing flaked bright materials and a colorant and layered on the colored base layer. With respect to the bright material-containing layer in a state without the colorant, Y(10°) of the XYZ color system is set to be 50 or more and 850 or less, and Y(20°) is set to be equal to k×Y(10°), where k is in a range of 0.2?k?0.6 and is determined according to the Y(10°). The colorant concentration of the bright material-containing layer is determined according to k.

Abstract: An multi-layer coating film 12 includes: a luster coat 15 containing a luster material; a color coat 16 applied on the luster coat 15, containing a pigment 21, and having translucency; and a coloring flake 22 included in the luster coat 15 and acting as the luster material to color a surface of a luster flake with a coloring material in the same type of color as a color type of the color coat 16.